In order to enrich the image of good nursing on nursing students, a questionnaire survey which asks the conditions for good nurse was conducted on each grade of students and hospital nurses. The questionnaire was consists of 73 items with 7 step evaluating scale. The results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed to investigate the image of good nurses. It turned out that the human relationship between patients was little taken on newly entered students. After one year education, students seemed to develop the idea of fighters with patients towards illness. With more education and experiences, students develop the idea of nursing professions and the importance of trust with patient. Based on these results, education of human relationship with patient was considered to be of importance especially for lower grade students.

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Arm dysfunction was evaluated in 37 in-patients and 130 out-patients who had gone a mastectomy. The action range of the shoulder joint, girth of the upper arm and forearm, and grasping power were measured. The patients were interviewed concerning their daily activities.
The results were as follows;
1. Postoperative dysfunctions of shoulder joint flexion, abduction, horizontal adduction and horizontal abduction were observed, but all ranges of motion recovered after one year.
2. In terms of operation method, limitation of flexion, abduction and horizontal adduction was greater in standard mastectomy cases than Patey's cases within 3 weeks after surgery. Abduction was more limited in standard mastectomy cases than in Auchincloss cases after one year.
3. In terms of age, older patients exhibited more shoulder movement limitation than younger ones.
4. Edema of the upper arm appeared in 41% of the patients, but this rate decreased to 24% after one year. Three factors that resulted in increased edema were obesity, extensive surgery, and the presence of advanced cancer. Edema appeared most frequently in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
5. Shoulder joint movement was more limited in patients with edama than in those without it, but the exact relationship between the two is unknown.
6. Grasping power decreased noticeably one week after surgery, but nearly recovered to the preoperative level after 3 weeks.
7. With respect to daily activity, most out-patients were able to resume a normal life-style after 2 weeks.

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We specified the real state of the operations for six months, and investigated what three recruits had experienced in that situation.
Based on the analysis of the investigation, we examined how to instruct recruits and derived the result as the following.
It is difficult for the recruits who had not worked in a ward to nursing spontaneously in six months that is a term of education.
In any case, the principle of education for recruits is following two points.
1. To attach them to the department where they can the foundation.
2. To instruct them individually making much of the point of nursing.

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We analyzed nursing services for a day, day works of a head-nurse, 16 nurses and 20 chief nurses at Fukuoka University Hospital. In addition, we investigated a consciousness to these chief nurses on their main patients care, a feeling of satisfaction to their jobs and others.
1) Chief nurses' jobs consist of connections and informations between doctors and nurses.
2) Present nursing services of chief nurses, corespond to this hospital rules in the chief jobs, and also, contents of their jobs are adjusted well.
3) They feel a low satisfaction for their jobs. And they who worked for a long time, feel more unsatisfied strongly than those whom worked for a short time.
4) There is 25% of chief nurses who are thinking to their jobs contents, not clearly.

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We studied of the relation between the nursing care level and nursing services, day-work, to 989 inpatients at 20 all wards, in Kinki University Hospital, June, 1989.
The results are following:
1. It seems that this nursing care level is well reflected in the nursing services.
2. It has a good chance to be able to compare with each wards by using this nursing care level.
3. It makes to be able to estimate the volume of nursing services at each ward.
4. It was suggested to become an elementary data in calculating the necessary number of nurses in a ward by using this nursing care level.

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Nursing service is a behavioral expression of continuous thoughts formulated to solve technical problems of nursing science in relation to patients' needs, and the outcome of an intricate interplay of such thoughts and actions taken to solve the problems constitutes the daily nursing service.
In the true sense of analysis, therefore, such an approach to analysis of mainly physical activities as has generally been employed does not seem adequate, but it seems necessary to include intellectual thinking activities of nurses in analysis of nursing service.
Based on this notion, a trial analysis of the nursing activities including "thinking" and "emotion" was undertaken at the T University hospital, and the following results were obtained.

1. Indirect nursing accounted for 28.1% of the whole nursing service, direct nursing, 23.5%, and assistance in medical care, 25.8%. There activities represented 80% of the whole nursing service.
2. Of the whole nursing activities, 45.6% occurred in the nurse station and 23.8% of the patients' wards.
3. Assessment constituted 25.7% of the nursing staffs thinking, caring procedures, 12.9%, and preparations for caring, 6.8%. Diagnosis, planning, execution, and evaluation represented a small percentage of the nursing staffs thinking, at 4.8%, 3.9%, 3.7%, and 1.6%, respectively.
4. Percentage nurses' thinking characteristically varied not so much with the length of their experience and department, as with the content and place of their activities.
1) In the patients' wards assessment and action oriented thinking centering around direct nursing and assistance in medical care constituted the major fraction of nurses' intellectual thinking activities.
2) In the nurse station planning and evaluation oriented thinking centering around indirect nursing represented the main nurses' intellectual thinking activities.

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