One hundred and forty of nursing students of the 3rd class of Hirosaki university school were evaluated with two kind of psychological test (Yatabe-Guilford test; Y-G test and Cornell Medical Index; CMI) before their surgical nursing practice in the university hospital.
The relationship between the type of student's characteristic and our evaluation mark for their primary practice was compared.
The results were as follows:
1) According to the results of Y-G test, the students with D type (emortional stable and social adapted) were highly marked on the count of total evaluation, including of grade of nursing knowledge, technics and manner, but no co-relation of the evaluation type or introversion type.
2) There were no difference of the evaluation count between the students diagnosed to be in normal level and to be in neurotic tendency with CMI test.
Therefore, nursing staff need to know the characteristics of each student and to learn how to teach rationally according to their individuality.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which affect the self-care behavior of myocardial infarction patients. In the study, specific areas of the patients' self-care behavior were studied, relating to smoking, drinking, cholesterol content of diet, salt content of diet, physical exercise, and levels of anger and irritation. One hundred and two patients with myocardial infarction, aged 30-65 and 65-80 years, participated in the study.
This study used a structured questionnaire and interview format.
The findings were as follows:
1. There was a strong tendency to self-care behavior manifesting itself in the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral realms. Emotional factors showed a tendency to predominate.
2. Patients in general received a high level of support from their families.
3. Patients exhibiting high levels of self-care behavior lived carefully. Those with low levels of self-care lived as they pleased and did not adhere to any specific regimes.
4. Patients who did not carry out self-care behavior, without doubt experienced more stress than those who exhibited high levels of self-care behavior.
5. Type A score was higher for the myocardial infarction patients aged 30-65 who carried out self-care behavior than for other groups of patients.

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The care of respiration for the post-operative patients of hepatoma with liver cirrhosis depends deeply on the nurse's perceptional ability of observation on human response. We had a study on the data collection in nursing notes using 4 different cases of hepatoma with liver cirrhosis. As a result, the followings became apparent.
1. The information collecting rate is high, especially in physiological aspect (average rate of all 4 cases is 46%), for example, respiration, circulation, elimination, sleep and so on. On the contrary, the collecting rate of psychosocial aspect, is low remarkablly and the significant difference between them is conspicuous.
There is no difference in the collecting rate among each class of nursing experience years, nor the specific item which has significantly high or low rate. Therefore, this could be considered the general tendency for ordinary staff nurses.
2.　The data which are collected in the process of clarification of nursing, is not enough for the related factors.
In spite of the importance of 3 aspects (physiological, psychological and social), only the collecting rate of physiological information is high distingushly. It is necessary to acquire the essential information for patient observation to establish adequate and appropirate bed-side care for the patients as a whole human factor, and is suggested some concrete points to improve toward this direction.

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Abduction pillow is used to the patient treated with hip joint surgery in order to protect luxation of operated joint, and to keep the rest of both hip joint in abducent position. This pillow has also a merit to keep abducent position of hip joint in changing of patients to lateral without removal of lower extremities.
In this study, body pressure was measured in lateral position with abduction pillow, subjective complaints in this position was evaluated. Correlation between these complaints and the results of psychological test (Y-G and CMI) was also evaluated and the method to reduce of discomfort in this position was investigated.
In 70 healthy youths, body pressure of right 12 points (acromion, scapula, arm 7th rib, iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, greater trochanter, thigh, head of fibula, sure, lateral malleolus, and calcaneus) was measured in right lateral position with abduction pillow. Similar examination was done in 4 patients received hip joint surgery whose position was contra-lateral of operated hip side.
The results were as follows;
1. The pressure of 7 points (acromion, greater trochanter, iliac crest, 7th rib, lateral malleolus, head of fibula and sura) was apparently higher than capillary pressure (32mmHg).
2. Discomfort in this position was reduced by changing to oblique-lateral position. Most comfortable angle in oblique-lateral position was 60 degrees in healty youths and the patients.
3. Even though in oblique-lateral position, the pressure of the posterior superior iliac spine, greater trochanter and scapula was still higher than capillary pressure.
4. Number of subjective complaints of healthy youths was significantly more than that of the patients, and the interval until first complaint was short in the former.
5. Quantity of subjective complaints didn't correlate to the results of psychological test.
6. Main subjective complaint of healthy youths was pressure pain on high body pressure region, namely, the discomfort regions coincided to the region of high body pressure. On the other hand, patient's complaints was not in high body pressure region and their main complaint was fatigue or wound pain. So, nursing care of these patients should be done according to their individual complaints.

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The purpose of this study is to analize the factor of consciousness to the psychosis of the students in a nursing colledge before the lecture on psychiatrics.
Objects of this study were 232 students in the school of allied Health science Yamaguchi University.
The way of this research was to write freely on a B5 sized paper the impression of patients with "psychosis". We classified the descriptions, and analized them by factor analysis. We picked up 3 factors, their names were sympathetic factor, fearful factor, and impressive factor. We also picked up 6 factors, their names were dislike factor, sympathetic factor, real imaginative factor, awaking factor for nursing, social imaginative factor, and interesting factor.
In the case of 6 factors, we compared the factor scores by the students' profile, such as entrance way, result of the lecture of psychiatrics, approach a patient or hospital, the year of class, and CAS-test. The result suggested students' profile related to the consciousness toward psychosis.

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The purpose of this study was to find nursing intervention for the safe and comfortable defecation on the bed. Ten healthy female volunteers made maximal straining without real defecation on the 30° Fowler's position, which is common use for defecation on the bed. Before, during and after the straining several physiological factors, such as intraabdominal pressure (IAP), extent of muscle tonus of abdominal wall, puls rates, blood pressure and recovery time of the mean blood pressure after the straining were measured and analyzed.
Major findings obtained were as follow.
1) The greater the inspiratory pulmonaly air volume could provide the greater the IAP on the straining. The straining in such a state yielded a marked influence on the function of circulatory system due to elevated intrathoracic pressure.
2) The straining with bending style of lower extremities was effective for making higher IAP.
3) The straining at expiration with bending style of lower extremities appeared to give less overload on the circulatory system.
4) It was found that efficient IAP to induce and promote the defecation can be made only by the abdominal wall contraction without stopping of breath.
5) Introducing patients to have the straining only by the abdominal wall contraction at expiration with the bending style of lower extremities seem to be rational nursing intervention for defecation on the bed.

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This study was performed for the purpose of finding the way to manage the health care of nursing students on the basis of actual living conditions and living awareness.
To elucidate the factors relating to subjective feeling of fatigue in nursing students, we analyzed the data of 154 students of School of Nursing, Chiba University, and studied the relationship between the number of subjective feeling of fatigue (physical, mental, neurosensory) and their living conditions, living awareness.
Therefore, we selected 34 items (factors) regarding actual living conditions and living awareness from preceeding literatures, and we conducted multivariate analysis called the method of Quantification Theory (1st Theory).
According to the analysis of the method using 34 factors, the results obtained were summarized as follows.
1. The number of subjective feeling of mental fatigue was most of three feelings of fatigue.
2. The items affecting the number of subjective feeling of physical fatigue were self-evaluation of health, regular practice of sport, self-evaluation of stress, doing arbeit, and so on.
3. The items affecting the number of subjective feeling of mental fatigue were the anticipation of their course, their dwelling, self-evaluation of stress, studying hours, and so on.
4. The items affecting the number of subjective feeling of neurosensory fatigue were their dwelling, style of their room, life satisfaction, the anticipation of their course, self-evaluations of health, and so on.

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