This study aimed to find out an awareness of life management and the related factors among men with ischemic heart disease at the returning period.
At the first step, the original scale for measuring an awareness of life management was developed. The semi-structured interview for twenteen subjects with ischemic heart disease at the returning period was conducted to develop this original scale. And these data were used as the pooled-items of this scale. Those items were divided out according to the conceptual framework which was based on Strauss's theory (1984/1987) and Orem's theory (1991/1995). Then the reliability and validity of this scale was tested. Finally this scale was completed to four sub-scales and fifteen items.
The descriptive research design was selected. One hundred thirteen subjects were responded. Data were collected by the questionnaires which were consisted of a). an awareness of life management scale in the original version. b). self-esteem scale (10-items version). c). a self-rating depression scale (20-items version) and d). a demographic date sheet.
As a result, an awareness of life management among these subjects was high equally. Particularly an awareness of changing their bad life style, controlling their emotion, taking care of their body condition and managing physical power was high. These finding were supposed that these subjects were all men, at the later adulthood and at the returning period.
Also, the number of medicine and the medicine of anticoagulant for internal use were not a little predicted to an awareness, of life management. Other findings were as follows; a complication, a kind of therapy, their self-esteem and their state of depression were related to an awareness of life management.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of iron deficiency anemia on lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats. Iron deficiency anemia was induced by supplying a diet containing approximately 1.85 ppm Fe. Control diet was supplemented with approximately 358 ppm Fe in the form of ferric citrate. Twenty-four rats were randomly separated into two groups; an iron deficient group and a control diet group.
The body weight and daily diet intake of the iron deficient group were significantly lower than those of the control diet group. The hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit level were significantly less in the iron deficient group. Serum total protein, HDL cholesterol and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and citrate synthase (CS) in the iron deficient group were significantly less than those in the control diet group. Atrophy in hepatocellular and lipid accumulation in the liver were observed in the iron deficient group.
We conclude that the inhibited synthesis of very low density lipoprotein resulted from the decreased protein and the suppressed oxidative phosphorylation due to less activities of SDH and CS contribute to lipid accumulation in the liver.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the utilization of visiting nurse and home-help services. The subjects were 74 primary caregivers using visiting nurse service who lived in Miyagi Prefecture. We studied the associations between the service utilization or caregiving status, and the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of primary caregivers.
Concerning service by visiting nurse, the care of daily life was significantly associated with the ADL of cared persons. Family care service such as consultation and caregiver's health improvement was provided for caregivers without other family members or secondary caregivers. We did not find the significant associations between the frequency of use of visiting nurse or caregiving status and the HRQOL of caregivers.
The aim of service utilization of the subjects using home-help was to obtain the caregiving assistance. It was only the caregivers 65 and over that used both services of long-time visits and round-the-clock care, and they scored lower than the other caregivers using home-help service on physical factors of HRQOL.
Although we could not clarify the related factors with the utilization of visiting nurse service, we found that caregiver's age and health status were associated with the utilization of home-help service in caregivers using visiting nurse service.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological stresses on nurses in two techniques to assist clients to sit up. Twelve female college students served as subject for this study. Each subject performed two different transfer techniques to assist client to sit up. One was traditional technique (A method), another was new technique according to body mechanics (B method). Oxygen uptake (VO₂), heart rate, and myoelectric signals [left trapezius (TM), right biceps brachii (RB), left biceps brachii (LB), left rectus femoris (RF), and left erector spinae (ES)] were measured during performing the transfer technique.
VO₂ and heart rate in A method were greater significantly (p<0.05) than those in B method. Integrated EMG (iEMG) of RB and ES in A method were greater significantly (p<0.001) than those in B method, while iEMG of RF in A method was lower (p<0.05) than that in B method.
These results suggest that physiological stresses in B method lower than A method. It was thought that the difference how to use the lower limb (RF) between both methods effects on the physiological stresses.

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This study analyzed the structure of childcare stress by means of questionnaire surveys. It examined the relationships between the structures and the caregivers social situations for childcare. In this study, by means of open questionnaire survey, 169 mothers were asked about situations in which they experienced negative feelings in childcare. By means of a rating scale based of the first survey, 523 mothers were asked how much they experienced childcare stresses.
Factor analysis showed that 8 structures of stress were found by using and named as follows; 1) Uncontrollable feelings for a child, 2) Negative attitudes to ward childcare, 3) Dissatisfied of husbands childcare, 4) Cognition of insufficient childcare environment, 5) Demands for childcare support, 6) Threat of self identity loss, 7) Apprehension for child development, 8) Poor physical condition Result showed that the factor scores were concerned with caregivers social situations, such as numbers of children, job style, family style, age of the youngest child, and mothers ages.

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HIV infection has recently belonged to one of the controllable diseases by development of the newly devised anti-HIV medications, advancement of the methods of the viral assay in the blood and else. The HIV infections are in the present situation however not so much curable because they depend upon the patients' attitudes of taking those medications. This study reveals that the patients who show good adherence are 61％ of the first visiting patients and 81％ of the second visiting patients. And regarding the composition of the kinds of drug the more the sorts of drug the better is the adherence than those of the fewer the sorts of drug. For the long planned medication strategy, the repeatedly emphasized instruction and education are needed and influence of the patients' self-consciousness towards the recovering is observed.
The seven factors of reducing the adherence are as follow:
1. configuration of the drug
2. adverse effect
3. negative volition of taking drugs
4. incoincidence of the schedule of taking drugs with daily life
5. absence of the self-consciousness for disease control
6. incomplete education and understanding of the remedy
7. influence of their privacy-keeping hehavior

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[in Japanese]

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This study aimed to compare the interpersonal distance between a hospital ward or bedroom and an operating room. The subjects were 27 female students, and their interpersonal distance was measured with the Stop-distance method in the nursing practice room of the college and in the hospital operating room. Interpersonal distance here means the distance of a teacher from a standing student, or the distance of a teacher from a student lying supine. The latter was measured from 4 directions, with A at an angle of right 50 degrees, B at an angle of right 15 degrees, C at an angle of left 50 degrees, and D at an angle of left 15 degrees. As a result, comparison showed that the interpersonal distance was less in the operating room than in the practice room, in the A, C and D directions. The difference in interpersonal distance when lying supine was also not significant in the practice room between two teachers, whereas it was significant in the operating room. The relationship between the teacher and the student affected the interpersonal distance, and it was shortened significantly in the B, C and D directions. These results suggested that patients want less interpersonal distance in the operating room than usual.

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