The scatter diagram of BMD values of 117 calcanei in vitro indicated clear negative regression versus age in both sexes. The regression lines in the graph suggested that the BMD values of females were 16－37％ lower than those of males during the period from age 65 to age 95, and that the reduction rate of BMD was 0.73％ per year in males and 1.36％ in females.
Previous regular exercise of the subjects was assigned risk scores from 0 to 2 points on the basis of questionnaires, focusing on the exercises at the younger adult period and the activities in daily life at later periods. The subjects were divided into 4 age subgroups (65～76 ; 77～83 ; 84～90 ; 91～100) in both sexes，and the average BMD was calculated in each subgroup depending on the risk scores. The average BMD of risk 0 group was highest and that of risk 2 group was lowest. The difference of BMD values between two risk groups was significant by t-test. Thus, it was concluded that regular exercise had an obvious effect on maintaining higher BMD.

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Diabetic patients often discontinue to receive treatment because most of them have few subjective symptoms． This study was intended to explore the way to keep patients to receive treatment． Seventy patients who were maintained hemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy were interviewed for the previous medical treatment which they received and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC)，and the personality influencing the compliance to the treatment was examined by using Todai-shiki Egogram (TEG)． Discontinuity of receiving treatment had something to do with the previous treatment which the patients received and their personalities． The percentage of attendance to diabetes mellitus educational course (DM course) at the early stage of the disease in the patients who discontinued to receive treatment was lower than that in the patients who continued to receive treatment because some hospitals had no DM course． MHLC of the subjects showed that diabetic patients generally have a tendency to depend on others． In the analysis of TEG test，male patients who continued to receive treatment showed the flat type (adaptable type)，and male patients who discontinued to receive treatment showed the low FC type (enduring type)． Female patients showed the high NP type (obliging type)． In conclusion，it is important that we provide the patients with many opportunities of DM education，and understand MHLC and the personalities of the patients who can not continue to receive treatment．

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on pregnant mice and their fetuses of changes in daily light-dark cycles.
Mice were randomly divided into four groups:
1. C group : control group bred in daily common light-dark cycle (Light period 9:00～21:00, dark period 21:00～9:00)
2. S group : shift group bred in daily reverse light-dark cycles. Day 1 is common cycle, day 2 is reversed (light period 21:00～9:00, dark period 9:00～21:00), day 3 is common cycle, day 4 is reversed, etc.
3. CS group: control-shift group bred for the first week in the common cycle, then thereafter bred in the shift cycle.
4. SC group: shift-control group bred for the first week in the shift cycle, then thereafter bred in the common cycle.
Although the body weight of the S and SC groups during the first week were significantly lighter than of the C and CS groups, that of the S group increased and that of the SC group decreased compared to the C group just before delivery, but not significantly. Growth of the fetus and placenta in the S group was significantly retarded during the first week, while just before delivery the average fetus weight of the S group was heavier compared to that of the C group. Growth of the fetus weights of the CS and SC groups was retarded in the first week after being changed the shift cycle. Furthermore, this retardation in SC group remained in the common cycle while was introduced after a week of the shift cycle.
These findings suggest that the exposure to the shift cycle induces stress which results in retarded growth of the fetus.

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