The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of student's "view of the sick" through specialized nursing education. Student's images of 'diabetes mellitus', 'cancer' and 'schizophrenia' and the sick of them were studied.
Subjects were 78 students of 1st year and 73 students of 3rd year of nursing college. As comparative groups, 72 students of 1st year and 50 students of 3rd and 4th years of other special course participated in this study.
It was found;
1) The students of 3rd year of nursing college had more experiences of contact with 'the sick' and it was in the practical exercise in hospital. Except for the students of 3rd year of nursing college, only a few students experienced 'schizophrenia patient'.
2) Images of 'illness': Students of 1st year of both groups had rather optimistic images to 'diabetes mellitus'. On the contrary, students of 3rd year (above all those of nursing college) had severe and negative images. Images of 'cancer' were severe and negative in all groups. But, this tendency was not so much noticeable in the students of 3rd year of nursing college. Students of 3rd year of both groups had more negative images of to 'schizophrenia' than those of 1st year. However images of 3rd year of nursing college were not so much severe and negative compared with those of another group.
3) Images of 'the sick' of 'diabetes mellitus', 'cancer' and 'schizophrenia' were most positive and favorable in the students of 3rd year of nursing college compared with those of other three groups.
4) Factor analytic studies of images of 'the sick' extracted five factors respectively, in the cases of 'the sick of diabetes mellitus and those of cancer' 'acceptability', 'vitality', 'personality impression', 'stability', and 'reality', in 'the sick of schizophrenia' 'acceptability', 'liveliness', 'sensitiveness', 'vitality' and 'stability'.
5) By the students of 3rd year of nursing college, factor scores of 'acceptability' and 'vitality' in 'the sick of diabetes mellitus and those of cancer' were significantly high compared with those of other three groups. Factor scores of 'acceptability' and 'liveliness' in 'the sick of schizophrenia' were also significantly high. However, score of 'vitality' was significantly lower than those of the students of 1st year of nursing college and 3rd and 4th year of comparative groups.

View full abstract

Under the pressure loading of 30, 90, 180 or 270 mmHg, the blood flow and hyperemic responses were investigated in the superficial and deep skin tissues of the right heel of 9 healthy females, 20-21 year old. The temperature and blood flow in the superficial skin tissue, and the levels of oxidized, reduced and total hemoglobin in the deep tissue were monitored. The kinetic analyses were also made before, during and after the loading of above mentioned pressures at heel region for 30 minutes. The blood retention and tissue damages seemed to occur under 270 mmHg loading. The hyperemic response in the deep tissue increased as the pressure loading was strengthened. However, such an inclination was temporary and returned to normal level in a short period. Taken together the present results suggest that the superficial skin is more sensitive to pressure loading than the deep tissue under 270 mmHg loading.

View full abstract