Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan

A Study on the Management and Utilization of the Guesthouses, Backpacker Hostels, and Inns in Japan

Misumi Ishikawa, Takayoshi Yamamura

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 140-145
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.140

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Recent times have seen an increase in the use of guesthouses as accommodations for tourists in Japan. However, this social trend has not been studied from the viewpoint of scientific investigation. Thus, this study has three purposes: 1) to clarify the management and utilization of guesthouses as tourist accommodations in Japan; 2) to consider the characteristics of this type of housing and then compare them with those of existing accommodations; and 3) to consider the background of the emergence of guesthouses in Japan. The paper adopted a questionnaire survey to obtain relevant data on the management and utilization of guesthouses.

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Study on the Systematic Practice on Certified Local Rules by Local Citizens

Case Study of twelve Areas led by Yokohama Machizukuri Promotion Ordinance

Minoru Takamizawa, Jangshik Yoon

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 146-156
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.146

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This paper aims to analyze effective use of certified machizukuri rules for local environment management by local citizens on Yokohama machizukuri promotion ordinance as advanced rule through case study on 12 areas using these rules have more than one year practice in Yokohama, and to suggest possibilities for reform of Japanese planning system based on the evolution of this ordinance. Main conclusions are as follows; First, through certification process, private-based non-statutory former rules have rationalized and familiarized among local citizens because certified rules is no longer private one. Second, by certification, local rules have got effective power because every planning applicant should negotiate for the adjustability to the rules before submitting planning application officially.

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Structure of residents' consciousness of road space re-allocation measure for traffic calming

Case Study on Approach to Izumo Grand Shrine

Syuji Yoshiki, Seiji Hashimoto

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 157-167
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.157

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Road space re-allocation measures for traffic safety have attracted attention recently. In Europe, measures including Shared Space have been implemented. Recent reports have described their effects on traffic safety. However, in Japan, few case examples of measures have been reported. Therefore, little is known about effects on residents' consciousness associated with these measures. We therefore made a vehicle speed survey and a questionnaire survey at Shinmon-dori Street, where a road space re-allocation for traffic calming had been implemented. This paper applies covariance structure analysis to analyzed causal relationship between divers, pedestrians and street, and clarifies these causal relationships on shared street.

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Evaluation of Urban Public Transportation Measures Considering the Reorganization of Existing Public Transport Network Using the Urban Traffic Simulation Model

Ryoji Matsunaka, Tetsuharu Oba, Dai Nakagawa, Kazushi Kobayashi

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 168-175
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.168

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When introducing a new transport system, the existing public transport network generally will be reorganized. However, in its planning stage, it may not be considered to reorganize the existing public transport network enough. Therefore, there is some possibility of not exactly measuring the benefits of the new transport system. In this study, we built an urban traffic simulation model which can reproduce the movement of cars, buses and trains, and the behavior of the passengers. Using this model, targeting the introduction of LRT system in Kyoto, we make clear the differences of the general cost and social benefit by considering the reorganization of existing public transport network as well as the fare system.

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Modelling the behavior of those who use their private cars in shopping and the optimal spatial allocation of commercial activities among municipalities: A case study of Aomori prefecture, Japan

Atsushi Masuyama

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 176-185
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.176

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The aim of this paper is to empirically analyze the behavior of those who use their private cars in shopping and to discuss the optimal spatial allocation of commercial activities in Aomori. First, we broadly observe the characteristics of the shopping behavior of customers and the spatial distribution of commercial activities in Aomori. Second, we assume that the consumers follow an origin-constrained spatial interaction model when they shop, and then estimate the parameters of the model. Third, on the basis of the estimated model, we formulate a problem that maximizes the total consumer surplus for all the residents in Aomori and a problem that minimizes the total distance traveled by those who go to shopping by car. Finally, we solve the optimization problems and, on the basis of the solution, we discuss the optimal spatial allocation of commercial activities among municipalities in Aomori.

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Current Status and Problems of Decontamination by Municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture:

Records from Two and a Half Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Kota Kawasaki

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 186-197
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.186

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This study discusses the current status and problems of decontamination in 52 out of the 59 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture, that is, in all municipalities except for the 7 whose entire administrative area has been designated as Special Decontamination Area, two and a half years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This study concludes that (1) decontamination work of most public facilities has been implemented, and housing decontamination work has been carried out in most municipalities, (2) half of the municipalities have no prospects to secure enough temporary storage sites for contaminated soil and waste, (3) most municipalities recognize that the national government's prompt decisions about the installation of interim storage facilities and the securement of enough temporary storage sites are necessary to promote decontamination work, (4) most municipalities regard efforts concerning decontamination work by the national government as inadequate, (5) most municipalities recognize that residents cannot live their lives with a sense of safety and security unless air radiation dose is reduced to the level before the accident, and (6) most municipalities recognize that safe living environments can be recovered by decontamination work.

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A basic study on the support system for the urban regeneration in Germany after the reunification

"Urban development grants" as an example

Naotaka Ota, Kenjiro Omura

2014 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 198-206
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.49.198

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The purpose of this study is to find essential features and issues of "Urban development grants (German: Städtebauförderung)" for the urban regeneration in Germany after the reunification. The analysis is based on the comprehensive literature review and interviews in Germany. Main findings are as follows. 1) Since 1971 the Federal Government and Federal States have been providing financial support for urban regeneration. This support was to strengthen the function of the cities as living and economic locations in former East Germany. 2) The system of Urban development grants are facing the new challenges. It is difficult to find a balance between total fairness as a part of National Urban Development Policy and the need for continuous comprehensive support in urban area with structural problems.

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