This study was conducted in Koga, Ibaraki Prefecture, with the aim of clarifying the relationships among leaders of voluntary community development activities found in their initial motivations and development processes. As a result, we were able to identify the relationships as six elements. The degree of influence, the roles, and the states through the elements varied not only from leader to leader, but also with the timing of activities. In addition, it became clear that indirect relationships among leaders, which are not necessarily based on clear intentions and are not immediately recognizable to themselves, influence the motivations and developments of their activities. This is a new finding from this research, unlike the existing key person theory, which describes the manifested or willed role.

This study aims to clarify the actual situation of reconstruction in disaster-hazard areas in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Targeting Minamisanriku Town and Ofunato City, we organized and analyzed the problems and responses that occurred in the reconstruction of the area by interview and literature survey.

As a result, we found that problems mainly related with the occurrence of relocation requests, the occurrence of on-site reconstruction, and the occurrence of unused land. In response to these, they responded by devising the contents of the designation of disaster hazard area and its own subsidy projects. Regarding the occurrence of unused land, efforts such as the introduction of reconstruction projects were used to control the occurrence and promote reconstruction.

This study aims to 1) reveal the actual situation of coin parking in downtown Kumamoto and 2) develop a simulation model for designing the optimal location and capacity allocation of the parking lots. The result revealed that the current parking lots were scattered across the t arget area, and the capacity was concentrated in a specific area. The simulation results indicate that increasing parking capacity and reducing parking charges in the fringe area may better manage parking demand.

With the growing necessity of utilization of vacant houses for regional revitalization, this paper aims to clarify how renovation of vacant houses influence Social Capitals (SC), which is said that its level will affect local community from various aspects. Results from questionaries indicated the possibility that communication with owners, designers or mediator, and learning about structures, materiality, and values of houses may affect the SC of their users. More detailed effects revealed by interviews, finding that 4 functions of renovation of vacant houses: working as a mediator for norms transmission; exemplifying norms; representing attitudes; and providing common points for communication, will directly or indirectly affect SC.

This study grasps the system related to the current parking facilities in the business district of Tokyo and the regional rules applied in multiple districts.

In addition, we will investigate and analyze the actual usage of parking facilities in areas where regional rules are based on information from local governments, actual operating conditions of parking facilities by field surveys, and interviews with parking facility operating companies.

As a result, we focus on the problem of “excessive supply of parking facilities” that has arisen in the operation of regional rules and three points to consider when formulating future regional rules. In particular, it suggests future directions regarding acceptance of distant place parking.

Local cities with rapidly aging and shrinking populations need to clarify consolidation policies that can maintain both facilities and the public transportation network based on the idea of a "compact plus network." In doing so, it may be possible to increase the region's efficiency by appropriately controlling demand by setting fees and fares that offset differences in facility access times while considering the elasticity of demand. We developed a model for simultaneous optimization of facility location, public transit network, and fare system considering facility access and general transport demand. Through simple numerical experiment on a hypothetical network, we confirmed the mutual relationship between the benefits of facility use and the benefits of general transportation caused by measures to improve the efficiency of facility operation and the spillover mechanisms of the benefits.

It has been a long time since compact city have become one of the concrete ways to realize sustainable city in the future. So far, a large number of studies on the effects of compact city have been accumulated, and the effects have been verified from multiple perspectives such as environment, economy and society. In this study, we comprehensively organize existing studies on the effects of compact city in Japan, and summarize the changes of research contents and the effects of policies by field. In addition, problems that may arise when implementing compact city policies are sorted out and issues that need to be considered are presented.

The purpose of this study is to develop models that predict the future survival of shopping facilities in rural areas with high accuracy. In estimating the models, we thought that temporal changes in the Voronoi region of each shopping facility and the situation of residents in the Voronoi regions might have a significant impact on future survival of the shopping facility. Therefore, we aggregated the survival status of each shopping facility and the status of residents in the Voronoi regions in time from 2000 to 2020, targeting “supermarkets”, ”convenience stores”, ”home centers” and ”gas stations”. As a result of logistic regression analysis using these data, highly accurate future survival probability prediction models ware estimated.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial transition of “Kagai” in Nagoya from the Edo period to the early Showa period, based on the distribution of traditional Japanese restaurants, machiai-chayas, and geisha’s residences. The results are followings. (1) In the late Edo period, geisha’s residences were in Uonotana, Hirokoji and Osu. And the Uonotana became a restaurant district. Geisha’s residences were also in Atsuta. (2) At the beginning of the Meiji period, continuing the situation from the late Edo period, and “Ren” that was a geisha association, were established. (3) By the end of the Meiji period, new “Kagai” appeared in the fringes of the old urban area and in area connected to it. (4) In the Taisho and early Showa periods, the prohibited area of geisha’s residence was set, but it didn't have much of an impact. New “Kagai” appeared even in the expanded urban area. Furthermore, even in the suburbs far from the urban area, “Kagai” appeared in line with land development and laying of trams.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of urban forms in local cities and to elucidate the impact of indicators related to the spatial distribution of the population, such as population density and urban form, on the level of public transportation services. The analysis revealed the following three points:

Firstly, urban form, unlike population density, becomes distorted due to geographical constraints and the area coalesced. Secondly, both population density and the skewness of urban form serve as indicators to measure service efficiency, thereby defining the level of public transportation services.

Thirdly, the number of route overlaps also defines the level of public transportation services, and by incorporating route overlaps into the design of bus networks, authorities can enhance the level of public transportation services.

This study tries to grasp the actual living area of the elderly people, and its difference by area based on the survey of two districts in Fukui city. As the result, the living area largely differed between two survey districts due to differences in the number of facilities in the district and the difference in personal attributes. Since District A, which is close to the city center, has a large number of facilities, there are many options to go within the district, though more single household often go outside of the district. In the future, it will be necessary where is easy for single household to reach. In District B, which is on the periphery of the city, more people often go outside of the district regardless their personal attributes. In the future, it will be necessary to develop places where can be reached without using cars, or to consider moving to the city center.

This study defines the degree of urban functions to accommodate the needs and values of people as the “urban capability for people having choices index” and aims to determine its numerical criterion in districts by focusing on two major daily shopping facilities: supermarkets and convenience stores. The threshold of the index was established based on its relationship with the fulfilment towards the facilities, which was then adopted as the reference value. A correlation was observed between the index of urban capability for people having choices on facility and population density: the population density to reach the threshold value was 50 and 34 people/ha for supermarkets and convenience stores, respectively.

Currently, the entire port area is designated as waterfront district. The land use within the waterfront district is determined by the port administrator, which is a special handling in city planning act. The waterfront district system was introduced in 1950 with the enactment of the Port and Harbour Act. However, it is found that a similar system called "port district" had been attempted in some cities during the period of reconstruction from the war. The waterfront district was not widely used in the 1950s because the decision-making authority for the system was not subject to the port administration but to the city planning administration.

The number of ports designated as waterfront districts increased rapidly after the recommendation in 1963. The process of establishment and initial operation of such a waterfront district system is instructive in examining the current status of land use in ports and harbors.

As of 2023, Japan is in social situation where the risk of infection by the COVID-19 and soaring food prices coexists. Our aims are 1) to understand the actual conditions of the inconvenience of grocery shopping in the Tokyo metropolitan area under such circumstances and to 2) consider what kinds of the countermeasure are effective. A series of analyses were conducted based on an online questionnaire survey data. First, we analyzed how people’s behavior and awareness had changed since the pandemic. Second, we also analyzed the negative impact of the current inconvenience to the grocery shopping and food intake. Finally, we examined what kinds of shopping support measures would be effective in improving such shopping inconvenience.