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Nobuko Kawaguchi, Akito Murayama, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Chika Takatori
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
207-212
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this research we investigated the relationship between green coverage ratio and open space ratio for all the city blocks of Nagoya City and the relation between the temporal increase/decrease of those ratios, which leads to four variables describing the typical classification of the whole city blocks. The distribution of each classification in the city and the characteristic feature of each location are shown. Thus, the tendency that the city blocks with large scale of green coverage have large scale of open space is confirmed, while increase of the area of open space cannot always result in the increase of green covered area.
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Yusuke Kobayashi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
213-218
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate environmental economic value of forest on slope using ASTER image which is one of the satellite remote sensing data for landscape and urban planning. For this purpose, hedonic approach is employed. This study applies 7 wards in the south western area of Tokyo. The results were as follows. 1) The external economic effect of forest on slope less than the threshold value of 14 degrees was positive to land price and statistically significant at the 5% level in both linear and semi-log. 2) The external economic effect of forest of the threshold value of 2 degrees was the most fit to land price in both linear and semi-log.
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A Case Study of a Community Garden in Hino City, Tokyo
Naomi Shimpo, Mamoru Amemiya, Makoto Yokohari
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
219-224
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In an urban-rural mixed area, a local-scale organic waste recycling system can be established by collecting organic waste from residential areas and utilizing it on a nearby farmland as fertilizer. The key-players driving this system should be urban residents due to their recent significantly increased motivation for agro-activities. However, despite an increase in interest, variables such as self-motivation, waste amount and labor can fluctuate over time. Therefore, this study aims to propose a solution to mitigate the effect of these fluctuations through a case study investigation. From the results, scientific knowledge was correlated to the gradual increase in organic waste suppliers. Regarding optimal labor control, findings highlighted the importance of assigning tasks according to each member's commitment degree.
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A Case Study of Central Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Chika Takatori, Keiko Takahashi, Makoto Yokohari, Mikiko Ishikawa
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
225-230
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this research, we statistically clarified the factors that determine the thermal and wind environment of two periods: Meiji Period and Today. Three factors were clarified to effect on the temperature near to the ground; (1) micro topography and land cover, (2) adjacency of each unit, and (3) exchange of heat between upper boundary layer and canopy layer. It was clarified that micro topography and land cover had the most dominant influence on the temperature among these three factors in Meiji Period. However, the effect of the micro topography was weakened today and the distribution of high rise buildings influenced on the thermal environment in various scales. As a result, the effective indicators were obtained that were related to the hierarchical urban climate layer.
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Akinobu Murakami, En Ou
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
231-236
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this study, the improvement of thermal comfort by urban greenery was analyzed in order to discuss the way of proper plantation in urbanized area where people were suffering from ill thermal environment. .Information regarding building form and materials was collected using aerial photographs and field investigations in substantial urban areas. 3D-CAD models were then developed, and the all surface temperature distribution and mean radiant temperature distribution were calculated for the present condition, and for a condition without any greenery. The differences between two conditions were analyzed referring to the green cover ratio. The results indicated that urban greenery did not necessarily work to improve the thermal comfort. Through the study, the necessary to consider not only the urban greenery but the spatial form, and the needs for other process to evaluate the countermeasure to improve the environment in such areas were revealed.
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A Case study of Hanno City, Saitama Prefecture
Takehisa Tonomura, Kiyoe Miyasita
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
237-242
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this study, we examined the burden charge for the conservation of regional resources. We conducted a questionnaire survey on eco-tour participants in a case study of Hanno city, Saitama prefecture. As well as we estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of the tour participants by CVM, analyzed the factors to affect the WTP. As a result, we found that WTP was 1,492 yen. Moreover, the total of the burden charge in eco-tour participants at maximum is 950,000 yen through the number of all tour participants in 2012. It was clear that the intention of volunteers and the age of participants are statistically significant at the 5% level, and the awareness of eco-tour is 1% level.
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Case of Dun Huang City
Haruka Yamaguchi, Masaya Masui
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
243-248
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The cases in tourist cities are seen that landscaping by exceed application of archaic designs result in loss of historic identity. Dun Huang city plays a role of the tourism base for WCH Mogao Caves, where the municipality has proceeded the unique landscaping by application of archaic design in order to promote the historic identity and location as a gateway for the silk route. This report aims to reveal the contemporary state of the above landscaping based on the intensive survey of all the buildings along the major streets in the restrict zone.
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The case study on the methodology of conservation for cultural heritage areas by world heritage inscription in developing countries
Tomoko Mori, Takefumi Kurose
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
249-254
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Yumiko Tsuji, Norihiro Nakai, Mamiko Numata
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
255-260
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Green space performs an important role in a city, and offering more urban parks is still required in this country. However, it's getting difficult to achieve this because of high land prices. As an alternative to a conventional way of park provision (i.e., by expropriating private land), this paper focuses on parks on leased land, and is intended to study how they can be adopted and implemented. Through the investigation conducted to grasp the current status of parks on leased land, it was showed that we need to have a policy to apply them efficiently at urbanized area. By estimating these 2 kinds of park expenses, the following findings are obtained: 1) we need to estimate a contract period related to land prices. 2) an incentive to a land owner is needed in some cases to improve possibility.
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A Case Study of Sakai City
Hongchang Cai, Shigeaki Takeda, Hiroyuki Kaga, Noboru Masuda
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
261-266
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this study, residents' choice of park when more than one type of urban park is within service distance of urban parks was evaluated by using the accessibility to urban parks in Sakai City. Analysis was conducted with the GIS network analysis system. Results showed that, in the whole of Sakai City, about 40% of residents lived in neighborhood units with two different types of urban parks within their service distance. However, as regions with districts which underwent urban planning and development, those district residents were provided with a choice of parks. In the urban sprawl district, about 10% of residents lived in neighborhood units with two different types of urban parks within their service distance.
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Comparison of urban park distribution among several elementary school districts
Akio Shiino, Tetsuya Aikoh
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
267-272
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This paper aimed at clarifying the circumstances of children's urban park usage, and evaluating the urban park distribution through the comparison of several elementary school districts. As a result, following points were made clear: 1. district parks and neighboring parks were most frequently used by children, 2. children's selecting method of urban park use showed differences between their grade in elementary schools, such as children in lower grade look much of the distance from their own homes to the urban parks, while children in upper grade tend to chose urban parks whether many of their friends used those parks or not, 3. the range of urban parks measured by each area showed regional differences among several elementary school districts, and this phenomenon might cause imbalanced children's urban park use.
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Yasuyuki Kawasaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
273-278
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In Japan railroad companies play important roles in development area along railways. This study focuses on sites of suburban amusement parks which managed by railway companies as suburban development base and many of them were closed recently. This study aims to reveal three relations. First is the relation between suburban amusement parks and urban planning park or green from the viewpoint of development regulation. Second is the relation between suburban amusement parks and railway, station and surrounding urban area from the viewpoint of TOD. Third is the relation between suburban amusement park and landscape sources from the viewpoint of the succession of nature and history in suburb..
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Focusing on the transformation and management of actual save after specifying the tranditional structure of Eupseong and Ri
Yon Park, Juichi Yamazaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
279-284
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study is one of a series of studies about landscape conservation of historical village in Korea and the present study is directed to a NaganEupseong of Jeollanam-do Suncheon City. In this paper, we reveal methods, procedures, place and how they make a specific budget and how they engage business of environmental improvement of historical village, also the purpose of this study is considering about the structure of usage management and operation. In addition, when performing research on landscape conservation of NaganEupseong, the target is the analysis on an understanding of the spatial structure as traditional research perspective.
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A Case Study on Saitama Prefecture
Msato Uemura, Akira Soshiroda, Takashi Tsutsumi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
285-290
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The number of marathon events and their participants has been increasing in recent years. This makes it important to attract participants by differentiating the marathon events. In addition, a sporting event is a useful way to promote local resources. Consequently, utilization of local resources at marathon events can be considered as added value and play a key role in promoting both the events and the regions. This paper investigated the current status of the civil marathon events in Saitama. The aim of this study was to gain a useful perspective on utilization of local resources at civil marathon events through gathering information and conducting interviews. The findings pointed out: there is a difference between public and private events in terms of utilized local resources, in some cases the degree of utilization of local resources rather than the diversity leads to attractiveness of events, and civil marathon events can promote themselves and the regions.
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A case of 3 cities in south coast of Iwate prefecture
Sota Terasawa, Shin Aiba
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
291-296
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, temporary shopping districts are formed and they are functioning as places of the opportunity for workers to start moving early toward the reconstruction. The businesses of temporary stores which are the base points leading to the reconstruction of commerce can be preparation periods of starting original markets and important functions to affect victims to get their previous life back. Therefore, this research clarifies the details of the temporary shopping districts built there and the actual conditions of each of them and considers the roles of them on the reconstruction of commerce.
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Mamoru Yoshida, Ryuji Kakimoto
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
297-302
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This paper quantifies residential consciousness about self-help, community-help and public assistance for disasterreduction activities on the basis of disaster management phases; then, it analyzes the relationship between residential consciousness and individual disaster reduction behaviors, such as participation of disaster-reduction community activities or preparedness for evacuation in emergencies. As a result, it is shown that a group of citizen with higher consciousness about self-help in preparedness phase also has the higher consciousness in warning and response phases, respectively. This also applies to community-help and public assistance. Moreover, as for individual behaviors, it is shown that a group of citizen with higher dependence on public assistance has better knowledge on warning information by a local government but does not grasp accurate routes and locations to evacuate.
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Case of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Hirotoshi Yamaguchi, Chihiro Doi, Mamoru Taniguchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
303-308
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In the aftermath of a large-scale disaster, stricken areas depend greatly on other areas for assistance. In Japan, large-scale disasters are expected to occur in the future. Based on results of an opinion poll administered to individuals on the internet, this study assesses factors supporting voluntary assistance. Results show that most motives to participate in voluntary assistance are related to connections with the stricken area. The amount of assistance is affected by information promulgated by media. Results show that aid providers who are invited by friends and who participate thereafter are worthy subjects of research.
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A case study of the Great Japan Earthquake
Toshiaki Aoki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
309-314
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The current study conducted a questionnaire survey targeting people who experienced Japan's big 2011 earthquake, and verified a hypothesis that fair process in community management can improve comfort in daily life through enhancing social capital. As a result of t-test and structural equation modeling it is suggested that, 1) the degree of daily comfort and social capital could be lower in a crisis situation than in a non-critical situation, 2) a critical situation could work as a necessary factor when procedural fairness enhances social capital and then improves daily comfort after the disaster. Besides that, it was also reasoned that an opportunity of consensus building for a public issue like infrastructure planning could be helpful to enhance social capital and daily comfortableness, if people who are responsible to lead the decision making process think much of procedural fairness.
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Taku Nakano, Atsushi Deguchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
315-320
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Whilst many of local municipalities, which had radiation-contamination problems caused by Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, have implemented a great deal of measures initiated by public sectors, Kashiwa City is known as a municipality promoting the unique community-based decontamination activities. This paper focuses on the process of consensus among various types of stakeholders and the management system of decontamination activities in the city, and as a result, it clarifies the outcome of such cooperative activities. It clarifies how effective the multi-actor cooperation organized and managed in a short term for the decontamination both in public areas and private plots after the radioactive disaster, and concludes by suggesting that the cooperation could strengthen the capability of community from the view of disaster preparedness.
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Covariance Structure Analysis of Preventive Evacuation based on the Protection Motivation Theory
Ryuji Kakimoto, Hwayoung Kim, Mamoru Yoshida, Toshio Fujimi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
321-326
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study aims to find the factors blocking and promoting preventive evacuation. Then, we did the covariance structure analysis of preventive evacuation based on the protection motivation theory by using the questionnaire data about the preventive evacuation in Aso city and Minami-aso village. It was made clear that the blockage factors were the cost with evacuation behavior. On the other hand, the promotion factors were the fear for natural disaster which was subjective probability of disaster and subjective prediction of the damage. Furthermore, we estimated the anxiety scale model for flood by using the data of the evacuation behavior in Tatsuda area, Kumamoto city on the Northern Kyushu Torrential Rain July 2012. Consequently, we understood that the early advice of evacuation before disaster was imminent was also effective in promoting evacuation.
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Based on Questionnaire and the Supposition of Level 2 Tsunami in Kamisu City, Ibaraki Prefecture
Michitaka Umemoto, Eiichi Itoigawa, Naotaka Ota
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
327-332
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In order to develop a method to assess tsunami evacuation risk, we conducted questionnaire survey on all households belonged to neighborhood associations in Kamisu city and spatial analyses using the data of submergences by the level 2 tsunami which was supposed by Ibaraki prefectural authorities. Based on the survey data, the citizens' characteristics of tsunami evacuation action were grasped. And, by using GIS, evacuation routes that might be wholly or partly inundated were identified and the distances of the sections were measured. Then, we estimated time series transition of a number of evacuees who had not escaped from the submerged area. Finally, we examined the effects by improving percentages of evacuation and immediately start and evacuation routes.
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A Case of the Elementary and Junior High Schools in the Iwate Coast
Yoshihiro Kikuchi, Masaaki Minami
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
333-338
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This paper clarified the actual situation of the tsunami refuge by the Great East Japan Earthquake for elementary and junior high schools in the Iwate coast. In addition, the analysis of the characteristic case examined problems of the tsunami refuge from the viewpoint of spatial planning. Main results are as follows. 1) By the tsunami more than the supposition, the school facilities suffered from many buildings beyond the tsunami inundation prediction. Also, half of schools change the place of refuge of the day in a hurry. 2) Refuge actions are various by each school. For example, the case which escape individually all at once, the case which accepted a refugee, the case which group escape changing the place of refuge. 3) The placement of the evacuation place assumes the dispersion refuge. And the placement of the stay place of refuge prepares in response to a stay.
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Mina Akaike, Makoto Tsukai
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
339-344
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In order to decrease a number of victims in flood disaster, cooperative aid by community member is very important. However, there are a few accumulations of researches or reports about the community's recognition to those who could not evacuate by themselves, or how they would be aided to evacuate by the community member under a flooding situation. This study purposes to clarify the above issues by a questionnaire survey. Our statistical model analysis showed that the socio-demographic characteristics of inhabitants were significantly different among the age group of recognized person to be aided. The aged inhabitants in the community would be a hub of recognition network about the person to be aided, while their assistance may not be reliable because of the shortage in their number, and of the limitation of their physical ability.
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Tatsuya Iwami, Wataru Katsumata
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
345-350
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In case of improvement of block performance (fire safety performance and/or living environment performance) in densely built-up areas, it is necessary to verify the block performance. We proposed the fire safety verification method for blocks applied some exceptional method for harmonious rebuilding. Then we applied this fire safety verification method to ideal city, to evaluate effectiveness of using this method in case of application of exceptional method for harmonious rebuilding in densely built-up areas.
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Commercial Store Type and Neighborhood Income Distribution in Tokyo
Masaya Uesugi, Yasushi Asami
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
351-356
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the spatial relationship between the location of commercial facilities and residential neighborhood composition in Tokyo wards area and discuss the facility maintenance and social mix in Japanese communities focusing on their economic status. First, the characteristic of supermarket distribution is explored according to their types and income distribution of the location district. Second, the relationship between the change of high-income households and that of high-end stores is also investigated. These findings indicate that store rank significantly reflected its neighborhood economic status especially at small scale and suggest the importance of a socio-economic viewpoint. We pointed out the disadvantages of low-income residents who remain in high-income dominant districts.
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As an example of demolition clearance work of vacant house in Kure city
Atsushi San-nobu, Hiroshi Shinobe
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
357-362
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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There have been few studies considering the demolition clearance works of dangerous vacant house. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the method of improvements to the vacant houses while focusing on the demolition clearance work. The investigation is based on the data of demolition clearance work for the dangerous building in Kure city and the questionnaires for the applicants of it. The main purpose of demolition clearance work is to protect residential area from the collapse of vacant house with natural disasters and fire. A further direction of this study will carry out the individual interview for applicants and local government officers in order to get some further information on demolition clearance works.
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A Case on T-Terrace Stage, Takachiho Street, Miyazaki City Central District
Tetsunobu Yoshitake, Naoto Sakaki, Kenichi Teramachi, Chikashi Deguchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
363-368
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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T-Terrace is a stage located at Takachiho Street and designed for events and stop-off. It was built and has been managed by a private organization with the cooperation with the prefecture and the city governments toward city center vitalization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evaluation of the T-Terrace project based on a questionnaire survey to citizens and analyze the management problems by an interview survey for private and public sectors. The major findings are as follows: 1) The citizens highly evaluate the functions of the terrace and hope its continuous operation. 2) Although the private organization hopes its continuous operation, they have the financial problems caused by the institutional constraints. 3) Although the prefectural and the city governments recognize the importance of the terrace, the cooperation efforts are limited by lack of communication among private-public sectors.
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A Case Study in a Residential District in Tajimi City
Yohei Fujigaki, Kiyoshi Takami, Nobuaki Ohmori, Noboru Harata
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
369-374
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This paper proposed flat-rate shared-ride taxi services with high convenience in metropolitan suburban area and analyzed the feasibility in a residential district in Tajimi city, Gifu prefecture. First, the demands were estimated for several pairs of fare and average waiting time, based on a questionnaire survey data on the intention to purchase the membership. Then, given the demand, the number of vehicles which are necessary to keep the expected average waiting time below the level set for each case were calculated through the operation simulations. Finally, the revenue and cost of the services were estimated. As a result of the feasibility study, it was shown that the service can be profitable in the cases of a certain fare and the number of vehicles.
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Yuki Oyama, Sachiyo Fukuyama, Eiji Hato
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
375-380
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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A spatial planning aimed for short trip generation is needed in city centers. This paper proposed an activity generation model with activity needs, focusing on activity histories and spatial attributes. The satisfaction of needs was incorporated into a discrete-continuous model as a discrimination function, and individuals continue activities until their satisfaction achieve the threshold. The model was formulated as a Type II Tobit model to analyze sojourn time choice behaviors, and was estimated using Probe Person Data collected in Matsuyama City, Ehime. It was found that 1) the closeness between Entry Point and Main facility of a tour restricts sojourn behaviors both spatially and temporary, 2) accumulative shopping and leisure trips and a last eating trip promote an activity generation, 3) malls also showed a positive tendency.
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A Case Study on Environmental Projects of Intermediate Ring Road in Munich
Tadashi Itoh
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
381-386
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Road space reallocation, such as removal of elevated road or underground bypass, is popular in cities of developed countries. In intermediate ring road of Munich (Germany), by a result of referendum in 1996, three new underground tunnels have constructed since 2000 and a part of surface spaces have turned into a greenery park. This study aims to examine background and meaning of this tunnel project. It also examines how other environmental improvement projects of this ring road have influenced on roadside areas. As a result, it is found that report of citizens' group had deeply related new master plan of this ring road, and also found that comprehensive program of environmental project had improved quality of roadside area significantly.
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Norio Akatsu
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
387-392
Published: October 25, 2014
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10 years pass from enforcement of a large-scale retail store law, and store modification is planned with many large-scale shopping centers. In such a modification plan, parking lot improvement is also carried out at the same time in many cases. In this approach, we applied the simulation technology to the parking lot inside layout change that a commercial operator planned. Moreover we evaluated how a service for users was improved by estimating smoothly loading and unloading the automobiles as the time required. In addition, we surveyed before and after the parking lot inside layout change, and we arranged a precision of the estimated value by the simulation and the problem at the time of the application. Improvement target of the service level in the parking lot becomes clear by adopting such a technique for a planning stage, and it is assumed that layout that raised convenience more is provided.
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Case study in Nissin city, Aichi prefecture
Naoyuki Ito, Yukimasa Matsumoto
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
393-398
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Passengers' consciousness and daily trips of "Kururin-bus" are investigated, which is a so-called community-bus operated in Nisshin city, Aichi prefecture. The number of passengers has recently been increasing every year, in which the ratio of high-frequency passengers becomes larger. In order to forecast the influence of change of the bus LOS on passenger trips, frequency changes of bus uses by the LOS changes such as "fare", "the number of bus service" and "travel time" are analyzed based on a result of a questionnaire. The result shows the LOS changes in "number of bus service" and "travel time" affect the passengers' frequency changes more. By using the model describing the relationship between the LOS changes and the frequency change, frequency distributions of passengers and incomes of bus fare are forecasted when the fare or the number of bus service is changed.
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Based on FIeld SUrveys of 5 Cities
Fumiko Perry, Naoyuki Tsukamoto
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
399-404
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Various French cities researched and implemented LRT systems from the onset of LRT with some cutting edge construction projects still in progress. In a recent project in Montpellier, an artist designed avant-garde LRT cars. The LRT projects, which run on street level and typically include the design of LRT rolling stock, tram stops and various related facilities, influence the creation of spacious pedestrian spaces. These pedestrian spaces often include elements such as fountains, benches and greenery that create new urban landscapes. In this paper, characteristic LRT design elements from the viewpoint of urban landscape are analyzed and clarified based on surveys performed September 2013 in Dijon, Brest, Toulouse, Tours and Montpellier.
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Focus on recognition about urban layout risk by residents
Hidetaka Mori, Mamoru Taniguchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
405-410
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Because of aging society with fewer children and decreasing population, inhabitants face to the problem about the urban layout risk. From the point of decreasing the risk, the idea of shrinking city, which includes the moving as a measure, is discussed. This report examined the factors of potential in intention of moving by focusing on recognition of urban layout risk. Results show that inhabitants who are taking the busses or who are recognizing the risk about decreasing public transportation have high intentions for moving. Results also show that inhabitants who live in far from the downtown cannot recognize the urban layout risk and have few intentions for moving.
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Focusing on the Number of Available Alternatives and the Experience of Abandoning of Necessity Activities
Kuniaki Sasaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
411-416
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study focused on modeling the indexes of individual built environment and their effects on the subjective evaluation of the life. The life satisfaction is regarded as the stable index for measuring happiness in the past researches in this decade. Thus we adopted it as the main subjective index in this study. The indexes of built environment of individual were measured as the number of available alternatives and the experience of activity abandoning, based on the idea of capability theory. The empirical study used the data collected in the mountain area. We found that the life satisfaction is not directly related with the number of alternatives but the experience of activity abandoning trip which means the margin of the capability is related.
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Naoyuki Tsukamoto, Fumiko Perry, Koji Yoshikawa
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
417-422
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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There are hardly any sufficient examples of LRT (Light Rail Transit) projects in Japan, therefore it is difficult to carry out inductive analyses to see the quantitative effects of LRT based on the past realized data. In this paper, using the data of cities that have tramway systems, the pre-stage of LRT, the difference of the characteristics of those cities is studied comparing the cities that don't have any tramway systems. Through the statistical analysis, it is clear that the cities having tramway systems show such features as the centripetal force of the area, the commercial scale and the compactness of the cities.
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Tetsuharu Oba, Dai Nakagawa, Ryoji Matsunaka, Yosuke Harada, Mitsuya M ...
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
423-428
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Recently, in Japan, the service level of public transportation has fallen by progress of motorization. In vehicle traffic, there are the problems with environment and mobility impaired people, etc., therefore the role of public transportation becomes increasingly important. The methods of the improvement in convenience of public transportation include the pulse timetable. This improves connection between routes, after making each route a pattern diagram. We created the system which can be applied in the train line, and searched for the pulse timetable by using Total Expected Value of Travel Time (Total EVTT) as an index. As a result, we showed that Total EVTT was improved about 13.3% from the current diagram. Furthermore, we made convenience of the overall area more convenient by using the index that gives a penalty when EVTT increases at any OD by EVTT at the present timetable.
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Comparison between Urban and Suburban Residential Areas
Kazuki Terayama, Michiyasu Odani
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
429-434
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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In this study, we develop the destination and mode choice behaviour model for shopping travel using nested logit model, based on the person trip survey data in urban and suburban residential areas in Kobe City. Then we measure the accessibility of shopping travel by residents which is defined as logsum derived from the behaviour model, and analyze the influence of age group and the possibility of using a car on the accessibilities in both areas. The results show that the accessibility is higher for the non-elderly people than for the elderly in both urban and suburban areas and is the highest for the elderly in the central district of the urban area. In both cases of the elderly and non-elderly, the reduction in the number of cars owned by each household would decrease the accessibility in the suburban area much more than in the urban area.
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Akihiko Shimizu, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Jan-Dirk Schmoecker, Nobuhiro Uno ...
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
435-440
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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Most research aiming to explain mode choice and travel patterns focuses on the level of service offered by the competing options. In this paper we focus on the impact of one's negative experiences. That is we aim to understand the role of traffic accidents, delayed service arrivals and inappropriate treatment of employees for mode choice. We firstly analyze the correlation between frequency of negative experiences, satisfaction with different transportation modes and usage frequency. We then use a structural equation approach to evaluate the interdependency of usage, consciousness, negative experiences and level of service.
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Hitomi Sato, Tomio Miwa, Sugiarto, Takayuki Morikawa
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
441-446
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study aims to investigate factors that contribute to influencing high public approval of road pricing (RP) in Jakarta, Indonesia. We compare two questionnaire survey data collected in Jakarta and Nagoya. Covariance structure analysis and binary probit model are performed for each sample. It is found that Jakarta is less auto dependent than Nagoya but that congestion is recognized as a more serious problem in Jakarta than in Nagoya. Moreover, the result shows that RP is thought to be a more correct, accepted and fairer policy by people in Jakarta than in Nagoya although an effect of RP is considered less by people in Jakarta than in Nagoya. The result of the binary probit models tell us that less amount of charge leads more acceptance in both cities and that higher acceptance rate of others causes higher individual acceptability in Nagoya but it is not occurred in Jakarta.
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Focus on Quasi-Landscape Districts and Landscape Agreements
Yuya Sato, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higuchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
447-452
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study aims to understand the designation process of Quasi-Landscape Districts and Landscape Agreements on the nationwide scale. In this study, we clarify the followings. Four Quasi-Landscape Districts are designated in the whole country. In Hiraizumi town, Quasi-Landscape District is correctly useful to understand the land use change. Moreover, in case of Koya town, we understand local authority can grasp building act by designation of Quasi-Landscape District. 46 Landscape Agreements are designated in the whole country. We point out that some areas are designated Landscape Agreements as the alternative method of district plan. In case of Tsukuba city and Ichikawa city, those areas are designated Landscape Agreements as the method for land use management at the residential area.
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Case Study of Central District in Fukui City
Toshinari Fukuoka, Shinji Nojima
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
453-458
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This paper aims to clarify the actual condition of ownership of large landowners and their intention of utilizing the land. The conclusion are as follows: 1)The large landowners has many unused lands but has a strong intention to continue owing them, therefore they greatly influence the land use at this area. 2) The blocks occupied by many vacant land owner by some large landowners, it is relatively easy to agree with the integral development of them. 3) The large landowners think a heavy burden to own many lands. And 70%of them say they can cooperate an exchange and a rent of lands to gather them.
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Focus on the relationship between Ordinance 3411 and Flood Hazard Area
Toshiya Matsukawa, Yuya Sato, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higuchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
459-464
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This Study aims to clarify the problem of deregulation through the relationship between Ordinance 3411 and Flood Hazard Area. As a result, we clarify the following. 1) When most of local authorities applies the Ordinance 3411, they do not assume Flood Hazard Area as Specified Area by Cabinet Order Article 8 Paragraph (1) Item(ii) (c). 2) Therefore, there is flood damage in developed area by Ordinance 3411. 3) There is a issue in Ordinance 3411 to address risk of flood too. Based on the above, we propose the Development Permit System to address risk of flood.
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Kenta Kino, Yuya Sato, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higuchi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
465-470
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study examines the possibility of land use control in the loose regulation area by the landscape plan. At first, we extract the landscape plan with the aim to control land use in which has the loose regulation area. Next, we compare the result of the development and building activity with the written report based on the landscape plan. As a result, we find that the land use conversion is understood when the standard of written report for the development activity is provided by the landscape plan with the numerical value. Moreover, we find that the building location is derivable with zoning of different standard. Therefore, we understand that the landscape plan has the effect as a land use control method in the loose regulation area.
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Contemporary Significance and Issues as Urban Form Regulations
Hitoshi Kuwata, Hitomi Kato, Masahiko Nakanishi, Sanae Sugita, Akihiko ...
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
471-476
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study aims at advancing concepts of contemporary urban form regulations to solve recent urban issues through analyzing the discussions during enactment of shade regulations in the national government and how it was applied to residential area by local municipalities such as Tokyo and Osaka Metropolis and Yokohama City. We illustrated that the local municipalities applied shade regulations to residential area at their own discretion according with local situations and that they established building controls to secure comprehensive residential environment by combining existing bulit form regulations and conflict prevention ordinances with shade regulations without obeying intentions of the national government.
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Takaaki Yashiro, Yuya Sato, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higu ...
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
477-482
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The municipality came to be able to provide the content of the special use district freely with the condition of the area by the 1988 Town Planning and Zoning Act Amendment. This study targets the special use districts designated after 1998. First of all, we understand the nationwide condition of the special use districts, and make them a pattern by the designated purpose and regulation content. Next, we examine the future land use control method with special use district through the case for each pattern. As a result, there is specific use districts in the designating form not assumed before law amendment. Based on these, we propose the future possibility of the land use control with special use district.
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The Questionnaire to the Fringe of Tokyo Wards Area, and the Case Study of Suginami-ward
Kazuo Imanishi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
483-488
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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The purpose of this study is to examine the maintenance subject of the undeveloped the land readjustment project required area in the fringe of Tokyo Wards Area. According to the questionnaire to the Fringe of Tokyo Wards Area, 52.1% of the zone is undeveloped. The guideline for maintenance of the land readjustment project required area by Tokyo is not fully used. Some differences are seen between the guideline and the actual condition of the area. In the case study of Suginami-ward, the difference was accepted about the objective of city area maintenance, and the level of road maintenance. In future, it is necessary to formulate the plan based on the actual condition and residential activity of the zone.
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Case study on Urban Renewal Development Plan executed outside the City Planning Area
Kyosuke Ogura, Toshiya Matsukawa, Yuya Sato, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higuch ...
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
489-494
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study focuses on the urban renewal development plan executed outside the city planning area. We clarify the discussion concerning City Planning Act at the time of setting the area of the urban renewal development plan. We extract the urban renewal development plans outside of City Planning Area, and make them to the pattern by the relation to the City Planning Area. Then for the area thought that the necessity of City Planning Area is high, we confirm the details of the discussion for the designation of City Planning Area at the time of making plan. We find that there is almost no examination of introducing the city planning system at the setting on the urban renewal development plan.
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Focusing on Ordinance Code about Urban Planning Proposal System
Jangshik Yoon, Minoru Takamizawa
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
495-500
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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This study aims to investigate proposal system to urban planning by machizukuri ordinance. Through questionnaire survey, it was clarified problems and devices to application of urban planning proposal system, established in 2003. Moreover, it was found that many municipalities introduced the codes: expansion of proposer standard, relaxation of proposal standard, support to proposer and others, to machizukuri ordinance for application of urban planning proposal system as citizen proposal tool. It is important to note that this proposal system makes full use of the accumulation of community development experiences by including machizukuri organization as a proposer. On decentralization, this means possibility that a municipality can customize urban planning system to utilize the local features by machizukuri ordinance.
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Focusing on the case of Ashiya city
Daisuke Matsui, Yuka Okai
2014 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages
501-506
Published: October 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2014
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A growing opposition movement against the sites that are designated for construction of pachinko parlors has recently been noticed nationwide. This study clarifies the scheme and the contents in which local ordinances determines the establishment of pachinko parlors in Hanshin area and in Ashiya city in particular. It is evident, the Act of Control and Improvement of Amusement Businesses, the Act of Building Standard, and local ordinance prohibit establishment of pachinko parlors in areas designated as special zoning and within certain distance from specific facilities. In addition, Ashiya uses a district planning system. Consequently, pachinko parlors are prohibited in the whole area of Ashiya city. This paper proposes that pachinko parlors should be prohibited in the unwanted area by combination of laws and ordinances.
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