This study aims to determine characteristics of greenery, a component of scenic landscape in Nara Park, and to explore role of greenery in landscape formation by using picture postcards of the park dating back to a period from 1890s to 1960s. It was found that the greenery was largely divided into two groups; greenery serving as a main component of scenic beauty and the other one supporting other main subject, such as historical construct and an approach to a shrine or temple. In the former group, prominent trees, big trees and vast grass fields blend perfectly with another main component of scenic beauty, or historical construction and deer, leading to the expression of a historical or cultural asset unique to the park and the naturalness. In the latter group, vegetation played a powerful role in producing a sense of the season, perspective emphasis and historical atmosphere, as well as giving a well-balanced structure to the backdrop.

It is important to encourage residents to actively participate in civic activities, in promoting maintenance and improvement of the historic district. However, by placing importance on the ideas and ingenuity of the residents, sometimes stereotypical ideas that do not fit the historical fact of the region are proposed, and the proposal would not be acceptable by other residents. In this study, the following hypotheses were formulated and verified: first, that place attachment and subjective knowledge of the local history affect the civic awareness around maintenance and improvement of the historic district, and second, that place attachment and subjective knowledge of the local history have an effect on stereotypical ideas about maintenance and improvement of the historic district, and the influence of objective knowledge of the local history reducing the ideas. The results support the hypothesis.

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the past landscape from old photographs and postcards, and to analyze the changes in the location of billboards along the river in the Nakasu district. In order to discuss the background of the change, we will also analyze the changes in land use and transportation infrastructure, and consider the factors that led to the concentration of billboards in the Nakasu district. The Nakasu area was mostly farmland in the modern era. In the Meiji era (1868-1912), large-scale facilities were located in the area. After the war, the area became the center of urban functions, and the number of opportunities for people to pass through and stay in the area increased, which led to the accumulation of advertisements. In particular, after the opening of Meiji-dori Avenue, the streetcar, the city's main public transportation system, was placed there, and stores with advertising towers and signs accumulated along the street. The number of advertisements has been decreasing since 1980, and the future reconstruction will further change the Nakasu landscape. Therefore, it is important to discuss the value of Nakasu's unique landscape, and this study analyzes the basic information for this purpose.

This study aimed to clarify the visual characteristics of the scenic view from the standpoint of the visitors, focusing on the mountains that formed the Sasayama Basin. Cluster analysis was performed based on impression evaluation twenty landscape photographs and factor analysis, five types were shown: low symbolism, outstanding superpositionality, slightly high symbolism and slightly low superpositionality, outstanding symbolism and low superpositionality, and low symbolism and superpositionality. In conclusion, the type of outstanding symbolism can capture mountains consisting of superimposition of microtopography in a distant view. Also, it was about 12% of the landscape components. Furthermore, it was shown that the distance from the viewpoint to the mountains were about 1.0 to 4.0 km and the elevation angle is 5 ° or less, as the visual characteristics of the scenic views.

The research aims are to review the planning process and landscape design of the forest and industrial heritages of Noritake Forest that is opened at the Center of Nagoya City in 2001. The interviews of the Noritake Company, Nagoya City and landscape architect cleared the idea of the forest and the maintenance using the institution of greenery for citizen. The results are as the followings; 1) the idea of Noritake forest promoted by the former President Iwasaki, 2) the effect of district plan for the creation of the forest and preservation of industrial heritages, 3) the character of landscape design which is effective to connect from northern to southern area, 4) the character of labor accounts of Noritake forest.

In this study, as the characteristics of landscape management by area management organization (AMO) in the core area of large cities, we analyzed the relationship of rules for landscape formation in each case, and clarified the activity scheme of each landscape management. As a result, for buildings, it was found that it is possible to inherit the characteristic townscape through consultation using AMO's rules, etc., in addition to the regulations of the district plan. For public spaces, it is important to apply AMO's rules. In addition, it was clarified that further utilization can be expected through the division of roles between AMO and landowners and the accumulation of utilization results. As for the area management advertising project, there are many common points in each case, and it was found that AMO can contribute to the formation of the landscape by appropriately establishing and operating rules.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the restoration and landscaping contents caused by the system design and operational support system about the characteristics of historic buildings.The system design and operational support system considering the characteristics of historic buildings has been utilized in the Chikugo-yoshii Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings since 1996. First, we analyze the detail of the system design considering the characteristics of historic buildings and the operational support system including the participation of designers in restoration and landscaping, restoration and landscaping manual, and the experience of construction work in many relations. Second, we compare the states before and after the restoration or landscaping by analysis pictures taken from the site survey and public documents.

In order to clarify the walkability of the urban environment, it is necessary to investigate not only the required behaviors but also voluntary behaviors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics that a walkable urban environment in urban areas of Osaka should have from the optional action of walking. First, we grasped the relationship between walks and environmental factors on a regional basis. Next, we grasped what kind of route was taken for what reason. In order to create a walkable urban environment that induces voluntary behavior in residential areas, it became clear that an environment that is “encouragement to walk” is required in addition to an environment that is “easy to walk”. It is important to clarify the issues and potentials of the district, and to consider the environment improvement according to the demand for walks.

Conventionally, the comfort and various uses of outdoor public spaces, such as streets, have not been emphasized in Japanese urban development. However, improving the quality of street space, which is a public space, has become more important in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of streets that pedestrians tend to use. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to conduct an actual measurement survey of pedestrian volume on streets in the central area of Hiroshima and to clarify the relationship between street characteristics and pedestrian volume. As a result, the main street characteristics that are thought to affect pedestrian volume are the distance to the center of the bustle and large commercial facilities in the locational index, the building-to-land ratio of retail stores in the surrounding building index, and the beautification of streets in the street composition index.

This paper analyzed about the discussion between landscape protection and cultural assets of Nation (Art.9), human right of community (Art.2) and decentralization (Art.5) by the minutes of Italian constitution from 1946 to 1947. It should be noted that human right and responsibility of Nation, State and Regions concerning landscape protection were discussed for the fundamental principle of constitution because of the international value of Italian cultural heritage. The assembly members introduced the role of State for landscape protection for the cultural development. The Art.117 and the Urbani Code of 2004 have cleared the relationship between State and Regions and realized the vision of Art.9.

Recently, historic conservation led by local residents has been increasing. It's becoming more and more important for civil servants to be involved with local residents and support their activities even non-working hours. This study is aim to clarify the process and factors of the relationship building between civil servants and local residents, as well as the issues concerning their activities. The results are as follows: (1)In areas where the relationship between civil servants and local residents has been continuing, relationships of mutual trust have been built and strengthened. (2)It's important for civil servants and communities to share a sense of purpose in their activities, to find benefits in their activities. (3)It may be difficult for civil servants to carry out their activities smoothly because their activities cannot be accurately understood in their workplace.

This study aims to clarify the process of historic conservation and individual opinions for conservation activities in Tomonoura.(1)The plan of reclamation and bridge-building has influenced on conservation by municipality and residents. However, conservation activities of them have been continued while getting cooperation from outside experts.(2)We confirmed differences indivision of roles between organizations that purpose to conserve historic district according to contents of their activities. But, this division of roles is not recognized because of insufficient sharing of reciprocal activities.(3)We thought that the insufficient sharing between organizations is landscape conflict.(4)It’s necessary to establish the organization to encourage of the sharing information and manage their activities in Tomonoura.

In this research, we derived the mean values and probability density functions of travel distance, travel time, and fuel consumption between the origin and destination points uniformly distributed on a grid road network. In addition, we compared the results before and after the imposition of no right turn regulation. As a result, it was found that for cities of a certain size, no right turn regulation has the potential to reduce travel time and fuel consumption. We also showed that the bifurcation point can be represented by the solution of a simple equation.

We develop a model of the interaction between land transactions and destination choice in a trip chain observed in micro-regional scale location data. Proposed models consist of three subset models: a seller-buyer matching model based on a discrete choice model and a sequential pedestrian location choice model. In the seller-buyer interaction, there is mutual inference for buying and selling by introducing the estimated amount of purchase and estimated amount of sale into the utility function. We confirmed that the model can be estimated by structural estimation using pedestrian behavior data and real estate registration information, enabling us to observe transactions simultaneously.

Rising maintenance costs and aging and shrinking population requires the compact and networked urban structure via public transportation system. It is necessary to understand the current performance of the public transportation system considering not only the cover ratio but also the rapidity to support the travel demands considering timetable. Many local governments, however, consider only the cover ratio. This study aims to evaluate the convenience of the public transportation network for daily travel demands by constructing a time-space network. First, the mean travel speed captures the degree of the match between the travel demands and the line shape. Second, the waiting time ratio quantifies travel time loss caused by the connectivity of public transportation. Third, we suggest the improvement direction for improving the convenience of daily travel via public transportation.

We focus on facility location for a new entrant in an area where competitors have their own facilities. We assume that each traveler probabilistically uses a facility on the preplanned travel path, and propose the model that maximizes the expected number of travelers who use a facility of a decision maker. The expected number of facility users depends on the number of facilities passing through before intercepted at a facility. An integer programming formulation of the model incorporating this structure is presented. We apply the model to an example network, and analyze optimal solutions. The results show that new facilities tend to be located at nodes in which they can obtain a large amount of flows from competitors when interception probability is high. We also show that a greedy heuristic method performs well.

With COVID-19, the shift of activities online, which had been developing gradually in recent years, has expanded and accelerated rapidly. Remote work has become generalized. Existing reports have described that the institutionalization of remote work at the workplace has a strong effect on its implementation. Assuming that the range of companies and industries which accommodate remote work will expand in the future, one must examine the effects of reducing institutional restrictions on further online shifts. For this study, we used an original questionnaire survey to analyze the factors of online shift caused by COVID-19 in work activities. Results suggest that, in addition to personal attributes, factors such as evaluating the productivity of remote work and the perception of subjective residential characteristics influence the expansion of the online shift.

Focusing on the graduates of local universities living in urban areas, we investigated the relationship among their past life in the area surrounding the university they graduated from, their current attachment to the area, and their intention to contribute to the area. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews and the web questionnaire survey revealed the following: (1) Those who have previously lived with the local community around their universities still show an attachment to that community, and (2) those who have an attachment to that community are more likely to show willingness to contribute to the community. These results suggest that local university graduates can contribute to the local community even from the urban areas they currently live in.

This study proposes a new index of elderly mobility that is based on their daily activity patterns, in order to explicitly consider the convenience of public transportation． Although shortest path based accessibility indexes have been often used to measure the living environment, they are trip-based and thus not able to assess levels-of-service of public transportation． Our activity-based mobility indexes, namely the number of “available paths” and “loss time”, explicitly consider the timetable of public transport service．They can assess the inconvenience due to the low frequency or biased scheduling of public transport for elderly people to perform daily activities． As a case study, we calculate these activity-based mobility index together with the conventional measures for slope areas in the Nagasaki City and analyzed the relationship between the measures and area situations．The results show that the proposed index explains the patterns of house increase/decrease, which conventional indexes could not sufficiently explain.

Since photovoltaic power plants (PV) were installed rapidly in Japan, municipalities set regulatory ordinances and guidelines to protect the natural environments and landscape. This study targeted 43 cities in Fukuoka and Oita prefectures, with FIT-certified 15,663 points, to reveal relationships between PV and residential areas, and the differences in trends before and after the ordinances and guidelines were enforced. Multiple logistic regression analysis clarified that natural environmental guidelines were enacted in points where PVs were accumulated farther from residential areas. Landscape ordinances were enacted in points where PVs were scattered near residential areas. Difference-in-Differences analysis showed that PVs have located farther from residential areas after natural environmental guidelines were enforced, and that they have accumulated after landscape ordinances were enforced.

The authors analyzed concentration or diffusion of the population distribution in Toyama City, Kanazawa City, and Fukui City based on mesh-based national population census data of 2005, 2010, and 2015. We aggregated the population and number of plots for each mesh, and estimated the population density function. As a result, the population distribution in Toyama City and Kanazawa City tended to be concentrated, and that in Fukui City tended to be diffused. It was also shown that the population of the most densely populated areas in all three cities was declining, while the population was being concentrated in the moderately dense areas. Furthermore, it was shown that the population was being concentrated in the urbanized area. On the other hand, there were area where residents had settled newly in all three cities, and the urban space tended to expand.

In this paper, we discuss whether residential reallocation policy based on the Living Environment Score (LES) can also reduce the disaster risk. Cross tabulation between disaster risk and population change pattern from years 2010 to 2015 shows that areas with land slide risk are losing their population while areas with flood risk or heavily build-up areas are still attracting new residents. This tendency is same even if we focus only on the areas with high LES. Spatial distributions of three types of disaster risk show different pattern which means only few areas are at high risk for two or more disaster types. Among the three types, flood risk seems to be the most important issue for city planning since areas with high flood risk are widely accumulated and are also heavily urbanized. Finally, we point out that the access to railway stations and hospitals are the key factors to reallocate population distribution to keep the living environment at a high level and to reduce disaster risk with less conflict.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, population flows occurred over the wide area. In order to develop a reconstruction plan for a city with a declining population, it is necessary to develop a reconstruction management method based on an understanding of the mechanism of population movement with various support after a disaster. In this study, we propose a dynamic residential location choice model under uncertain conditions using Discounted Recursive Logit model. The proposed model is empirically analyzed using actual data on residential histories for 10 years after the earthquake, and the applicability of the model to assessing the impact of policy factors and environmental factors are confirmed. In the future study, it is necessary to incorporate variables that explain the effects of reconstruction projects and other policies for estimation of discount rate, and to develop a model that takes into account time-series heterogeneity in the sampling of residential options.

In urban planning of rural cities, such as Location Normalization Plan, it is important to forecast the detailed population and household distribution in the future. This study aims to develop a household transition model, which is a microsimulation of household units, and estimated household data for 2015 in all cities of Japan. Estimated household data contain the address, age and sex of household members, family type, and house type from National Census and building data of Zenrin Co. The household transition model forecasts each attribute of households every five years based on the estimated household data. As application examples of this model, the future distribution of disappearing villages and vacant houses are predicted.

There are Urban Facility Location Plans to use snow countermeasures as a guidance measure for the suitability of cities in heavy snowfall areas, but it is arguable whether each city is effectively positioned. This study takes up 6 cities that have different snow countermeasures out of 18 cities that have positioned snow countermeasures as guidance measures, and clarifies the process of positioning them by hearing surveys. Based on this, this study aims to clarify the actual conditions and issues as guidance measures by spatial analysis, and to give suggestions for future snow countermeasures. When positioning snow measures as guidance measures, some cities considered differentiation from the snow measures department, but other cities positioned snow measures as guidance measures only by the judgment of the city planning department. When considering snow countermeasures as a guidance measure, it should be positioned after discussing with the snow countermeasures department whether it has the ability to execute.

This paper is to report the problems and issues of the community environment in the tsunami-affected area for post-reconstruction work. This research analyzes resident needs about the community environment in Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture. I did two other surveys to understand the needs of the new reconstruct community. One is a focus group interview for a community environment with residents, and the other is a questionnaire survey on the degree of improvement. In the questionnaire survey, I use the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the community environment of the tsunami-affected area and the unaffected area. It found a significant difference in the walking environment(P<0.01) and the fulfillment level of the community place(P<0.01). Combining qualitative and quantitative knowledge, I view some problems about improving the new community environment for the next period.

Heikouzairai-sen means a regular railway being operated in parallel with bullet-trains. They have several issues about decreasing income from travelers’ fare, increasing maintain cost, depending on subsidies mainly etc. This paper illustrates their condition by using date of transitions of passengers and analyzing their financial structure. And, it have several conclusions that they are inclined to depend on governments’ policies on earrings and it’s difficult to decrease their spending due to distinct engineering system, small portion of engineering and keeping a wide variety of staffs. then, it indicates that they have to develop more solid relationship among themselves to attract more tourist and they’ll need to discuss a common scheme to support themselves with governments’ strong support.

Currently, a policy of sustainable smart city is underway to solve various problems in cities by making use of ICT with the aim of realizing a sustainable society. However, there are many issues that have to be solved, so the reality is that it is difficult that cross-disciplinary smart city projects are implemented in our society. And how smart cities should be managed is one of the issues because many stakeholders join smart city projects. This study focused on the operation of smart cities and clarified issues about management from questionnaire survey of 22 leading model projects selected by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). Furthermore, compared issues with precedent examples of public-private partnership in the field of town development from the viewpoint of business sustainability and referred to the ideal way of sustainable management of smart city in the future in Japan.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has provided a great opportunity to expose the gender division in terms of work and home labor. We used diary data of pre-/peri-/post- declaration of a state of emergency to measure the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on gender division of home labor in workers with children under the age of 12. We revealed that men’s housework had increased during the declaration and did not return to “normal” again after its termination, while women’s housework, childcare and men’s childcare returned “normal”. This change, that came along with the increase of work-from-home, was a little but significant step towards a reduction of gender division of home labor in the future.

Employing a novel dataset on weekly “inquiry volume” indicator from the online real estate web portal, this paper investigates the intensity and direction of housing search during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tokyo metropolitan area. We first show that housing search intensity temporarily increases following the emergency declaration, which forces us to “stay home”. We then show that properties in areas far away from central Tokyo, properties with poor accessibility to station, and spacious properties exhibit an increase in search intensity. We also show that, in areas far away from central Tokyo, properties that are close to beach and/or forest exhibit an increase in search intensity. The results imply that the housing search activity timely tells us changing housing preferences from the stay home experience.

We explore the issues for the proper renewal of playlands in the future. It was unclear after hearing with the city authorities how the playlands and the city parks are constructed next to each other. Therefore, we conducted eld surveys, literature surveys, and interviews with managers. As a result, it was found that the playlands have roles of gardens for welfare facilities for children. It was also found that the playlands could not be renewed due to the poor nances of the local government. We conclude that the playlands need to be renewed integrally with the surrounding public facilities in order to solve this problem.

In considering the diversity of public spaces, how can art, which is an individual expression activity, and the publicness of public spaces be compatible? The aim of this study is to identify the role of intermediate organizations in art projects, and the possibility of art projects in public spaces. As a case study, we conducted a literature survey and an interview survey of the Tokyo Art Point Project “TERATOTERA”. As a result, we found coordination by the expertise of art management of the intermediate organization, sharing of cultural significance for each space manager, and clarification of responsibility by the intermediate organization ensure the creativity of the artist's expression when using public spaces. Furthermore, it was found that the environment of public spaces, which is visible to citizens who do not have basic knowledge of art, opens up new possibilities for communication through art.

The declining birthrate and aging population, a serious problem in Japan, can lead to a decline in the working population. It is important to secure the labor force of women there. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the rise in the employment rate of women is supported by the expansion of childcare support. I focus on after school kids club which can be said to be one of the places of support of dual career family in child care period and grasp the management actual situation and grasp what kind of influence that cooperation with local community has on management. I conducted a questionnaire survey on municipalities and facilities in Hyogo prefecture. And it became clear that the municipality did not recognize the sense of problem peculiar to the area of the facility.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of the vacant house rate at the district level and the position and conditions of the declining districts in the Okayama city based on the field survey. As a result of the analysis, 1) the declining area (vacant house rate of 10% or more) with a remarkable number of vacant houses is limited to about 4% of all areas, demonstrating the regional disparity in the vacant house problem. 2) The conditions of the declining districts include "infrastructure" as a common condition, and "location", "steep slope", and "history" as individual conditions. Declining areas are created by the combination of common and individual conditions.

The number of member and sales are increasing at the Non-farming citizens Agriculture Organization in Koryo Town, Nara Prefecture. Members of the organization grow vegetables and sale them. But it only covers the expenses, not the salary. It is still volunteer organization. However, in the evaluation surveys by the persons concerned, it was found that the evaluation was high evaluation in many fields and the satisfaction was high evaluation. Dealers and governments also appreciate the quality of vegetables. The number of farmers who grow vegetables is expected to decrease. Dealers and governments are expecting the development of the organization. The members also highly value the quality of the vegetables. On the other hand, farmers had a low evaluation of vegetable quality, revealing a difference in their awareness of agriculture. The next issue is cooperation with farmers.

The construction of expressway generally promotes the economic growth on the municipalities along the expressway. Thus, the order of the construction in the same region may yield the economic and social inequity on the municipalities along the expressway. This study focused on that issue using instrumental variables method and SCGE modeling. The result of the instrumental variable method using railway construction in early Showa era showed that the effect of the expressway construction to the population of the municipalities and GRP along the expressway. The result of SCGE model suggested that the order change of the construction will reduce the economic inequity among the municipalities, however the economy on entire region could be deteriorated.

With the start of full-scale operation of the Paris Agreement in 2020, the environmental target has shifted to achieving decarbonization. In particular, measures are required in the consumer sector, where the increase in energy consumption is remarkable, and ZEB is drawing attention. On the other hand, since the amount of renewable energy endowed in the city center is small, it is difficult to achieve decarbonization only by on-site environmental measures, and the introduction of off-site environmental measures is required. However, the introduction method is not clear. This paper deals with the ideal way of developing measures to achieve decarbonization in the city center while considering business feasibility. As a result, it is cleared that development of environmental measures is useful to achieve decarbonization. Also, the method of decarbonization is identified through the Cost-Benefit Analysis.

The promotion of compact living bases is now one of the popular means of enhancing the sustainability of local communities in rural areas. This study aims to clarify the actual situation of community-based activities related to compact living bases and to evaluate these activities. We conducted a questionnaire survey of the local governments.The results are as follows. First, half of the local governments have organized new community-based organizations, creating new activity plans. Second, they attempted to introduce new activities to sustain local communities in addition to traditional ones. Third, local governments can be categorized into four types by the degree of activities evaluation and management of community-based organizations.

This study understands the situation in nationwide of Subsidy of Regional Revitalization Base Construction(SRRBC) from the viewpoint of rural area base formation. In this study, we clarify the followings. The coordination between spatial plan of municipalities and SRRBC was insufficient. In addition, 75.7% of SRRBC are used in loose land use regulation area. Furthermore, the number of SRRBC aimed at forming rural area base was small among SRRBC in city planning area. On the other hand, among SRRBC adopted out of city planning area, SRRBC aimed at forming rural area base were carried out in places where government office function and life functions are concentrated. Based on these results, this study proposed adding cooperation with spatial plan of municipalities as an evaluation index when examining SRRBC.

Green laver cultivation has been continued in Matsukawaura for a century, being a vocation to those involved in it. Looking through the history of their cultivation livelihood, it was found that a unique system for land property existed. Additionally, their livelihood was sustained based on the fishing ground usage mechanism derived from the unique land property system even before the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. This research clarified the reconstruction support projects done to aid the vocation after the earthquake and further focused on the green laver producers. By analyzing series of evaluations done by the green laver producers, it appeared that they were seeking three courses to sustain their vocation. These three courses arose from their intentionality towards modern needs, culture and history. To sustain their vocation after natural disasters, the aforementioned three aspects of their intentionality needs to be carefully considered.

This study aims to suggest the future goal setting for Urban Facility Location Plan by grasping the characteristics of the population density target and evaluating the feasibility on the premise of residential guidance from Urbanization Promotion Area outside Residential Promotion Area, for local cities that have established the plan. We conduct hearing surveys to each local city. As a result, we find that many cities, including those with high feasibility, have set population density targets without considering specific housing guidance, and have not verified the feasibility. We think that it is important to set a population density target that assumes specific residential guidance while assuming that a certain population density will be secured even in Urbanization Promotion Area outside the Residential Promotion Area.

This study aims to quantitatively clarify the influence of the basic direction of establishing Residential Promotion Areas. Focusing on the factors of population density, public transport convenience, and disaster risk, we analyzed the influence of these factors on the establishment of Residential Promotion Areas for cities and metropolitan areas with increasing and decreasing populations. Results show that the population in 2040 has a particular influence on the establishment of Residential Promotion Areas in cities with increasing populations, and that areas at high risk of disaster tend to be excluded from Residential Promotion Areas in cities with decreasing populations. Moreover, results show that the population in 2040 has an influence in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, and that railroad convenience has an influence in the other metropolitan areas studied.

This study aims to clarify the relationship between Urban Function Guided Area (UFGA) in Location Normalization Plan (LNP) and suburban commercial concentrated area, and problems regarding setting UFGA in non-area divided cities. Through the case studies of 6 cities, where the commercial functions have suburbanized while the old city center still exists, the designation of UFGA such as roadside areas and areas around large-scale shopping centers is confirmed. The problem in setting UFGA in non-area divided cities are: 1) the city planning which has been in operation so far and does not correspond to the current urban situation, limits setting UFGA ; 2) UFGA is set based on standards that deviate from the actual living conditions of citizens; and 3) LNP has limited measures to regulate commercial development outside UFGA as Urbanization control areas are not designated in non-area divided city.

The aim of this study is to show the effect of diversity in regions have significant influence on the population inflow rate only with opened statistics. We first point out the importance of three variables; variance of land lot size, mixed ratio of zoning, and density of narrow road, to show the diversity in regions that shows the concept of conditions for city diversity a-la J. Jacobs. Then we conduct a regression analysis to show the relation between these and the inflow rate between 2010 and 2015 for 869 mesh samples at Kobe city. The estimated result shows that the city diversity has significant impact of population inflow rate, with which some important implications are derived when considering necessary policies related to navigating population inflow.

The objective of this study is to clarify the contents and effects of migration support provided by resident organizations that lead to the promotion of migration to agricultural and mountain village areas. We conducted a questionnaire survey of resident organizations in the special area of Kyoto Prefecture for promoting migration. The analysis results shows that regular contact with vacant house owners, consultations from potential migrants, and implementation of migration-related events were revealed to be migration support affecting the effectiveness of migration promotion as recognized by the resident organizations. Furthermore, the results of interviews with migrants demonstrate that the consultations from potential migrants as well as the implementation of migration-related events play an important role such as providing an opportunity for migrant movement.

In this study, we empirically examined the effects of encounters with the environment and people in the community on the development of place attachment among high school students when they commute to school, and clarified what kinds of contact opportunities are effective in building place attachment. Specifically, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 380 high school students attending the high schools in Oyabe City, Toyama, and found statistically that encounters with nature and people in the community affects preference to the place and emotional place attachment. Furthermore, it was suggested that developing place attachment in childhood may lead to an increased awareness of U-turn and participation in local activities.

This paper aims to clarify the actual usage and spatial characteristics of the “Tori-mon gate". Firstly, we conducted field surveys and questionnaire surveys to clarify the distribution and characteristics of the gates. Secondly, we also conducted case studies to clarify their detailed usage. The gates have their origins in the use of waterways adjacent to the site and were initially used for flood prevention and agricultural purposes. Around 1980, reflecting changes in lifestyle and family structure, the gates began to be used for non-agricultural purposes such as garages and children’s rooms. Even today, many owners consider street gates to be necessary for daily life and continue to use them by repairing or renovating them. The Tori-mon gate is a redundant space whose role changes flexibly with the ages and is a specific architectural form rooted in local life.

In the route-search systems, user travel details such as the point of origin, destination, and journey duration are recorded as log data. Although previous studies analyze the average value and the periodic variation for route-search records, the long-term search trends haven’t been clarified. This study focuses on the long-term variation and analyzes factors that affect the long-term search trends based on their relationship between bus route search records and characteristics around the bus routes. This study uses the log data of “BUSNET,” a route-search system in Tottori prefecture, Japan. The route’s characteristics around bus stops are expressed by using the population and facility-location data. Bus routes were classified based on the variation of route search records. Subsequently, this study analyzed factors affecting the route search variation of each bus route group.

This study evaluates the compact city policy in Toyama City from the viewpoints of residents’ travel behavior and access to urban services. Questionnaire survey for residents was conducted and travel behavior and difficulties of access to a supermarket and a clinic are compared between inside residential promotion area and outside the area in the location normalization plan. The analysis revealed that residents living outside the area are more likely to use automobiles but residents inside the area are also heavily depend on automobiles. Now, about 90% of the residents don’t feel difficulties in access to supermarkets and clinics. The difficulties in access are related to living in areas with convenient public transportation and closeness to urban services.

Location Normalization Plans (LNPs) have been formulated to promote urban development in many cities of Japan, particularly addressing "Compact + Network". In an LNP, it is generally expected that public transportation and walking will be used to access each facility in the Urban Function Induction-encouraged Area (UFIA). For this study, we used the results of the sixth Tokyo Person Trip Survey to understand the characteristics of actual trips distributed inside and outside the UFIA. Results show that the concentrations of walking trips vary depending on the UFIA, although car trips to some spots are concentrated outside the UFIA.