DURING THE GION MATSURI, WHICHI IS A HISTORICAL URBAN FESTIVAL, NOT A SPECIAL SPACE IS PROVIDED BUT ORDINARY SPACE, HISTORICAL TOWN HOUSES (MACHIYA) AND STREETS CHANGED BEAUTIFULLY. DURING THE FESTIVAL TIME THE STREET IS DECORATED BY LANTERNS AND CURTAINS AND PEOPLE SET UP TEMPORARY NIGHT STALLS. IN HISTORICAL TOWN HOUSES (MACHIYA) THE ROOMS ARE DECORATED BEAUTIFULLY AND THE PASSENGERS CAN SEE THEM. THIS IS CALLED BYOBU MATSURI. THIS PAPER ANALYZED AND EXAMINED THE CHANGE OF THE STREET SPACE IN THE URBAN BLOCKS IN GION MATSURI AREA. THIS PAPER SUGGESTED ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR HABITATION IN THE FUTURE IN THE CENTRAL DISTRICT.

WE HAD AN INTERVIEW WITH A REPRESENTATIVE OF EACH PRESERVATION ORGANIZATION IN GION MATSURI AREA ON FUNCTIONS OF TOWN COMMUNITY HOUSES AND TOWN ORGANIZATIONS. BASED ON ACQUIRED DATA AND SOCIAL INFRASTRCTURE WE ANALYZED RELATION BETWEEN TOWN COMMUNITY AND FESTIVAL-MANAGING ORGANIZATION FROM THE STRUCTUAL AND MANAGERIAL POINT OF VIEW. NEXT WE CLARIFIED HOW EACH ITEM OF FESTIVAL PROGRAMS IS CARRIED OUT BY FESTIVAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ANALYZED MECHANISMS OF FESTIVAL MANAGIMENT BY TOWN COMMUNITY. WE THEN DEFINED NECESSITY OF FUNCTIONS OF TOWN COMMUNITY HOUSES AS FINANCIAL FOUNDATION OF FESTIVAL-MANAGING ORGANIZATION AND AS COMMON FACILITIES AND CONSIDERED HOW THOSE ORGANAIZATIONS HAVE MAINTAINED THEMSELVES.

THE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AZABU KASUMI-CHO WAS THE CASE OF THAT WAS DEVELOPED THE DAIMYO RESIDENCE'S SITE AND MANAGED THE RENTED GROUNDS AND HOUSES BY ABE-FAMILY IN MEIJI ERA. THIS STUDY MADE CLEAR THE PROCESS OF THE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT, THE ACTUAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF MANAGING THE RENTED GROUND AND HOW TO MANAGE THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS BY ABE-FAMILY.

IN THIS PAPER, WE FOUND FOLLOWINGS; 1) SET-BACK BUILDING LINE IS SET ON THE EXISTING SITE OF NARROW ROAD'SSIDES,IF SOMEONE WANT TO BUILD SOME-BUILDING ON SUCH SITE,HE MUST SET-BACK ITS WALL TO THE BUILDING LINE. THE NECCESARY CONDITIONS TO SET THE SET-BACK BUILDING LINE HAS GRADUALLY BECOME STRICT ONLY ON THE REGULATION, BUT IT HAVEN'T PUT INTO PRACTICE ON THE EXISTING SITES IN NAGOYA CITY. 2) PROPOSAL BUILDING LINE SET THE ROAD LOCATION, WHICH IS PROPOSED TO LOCAL GOVER-MENT BY SOMEONE WHO WANT TO PERMIT TO BUILD SOME-BUILDING ON THE NEW DEVELOPPING SITE. IN NAGOYA CITY,MOST OF PROPOSAL BUILDING LINES HAVE BEEN USED TO ASSIST UNSKILFUL LAND READJUSTMENT WORKS, AND SO GRADUALLY LAND READJUSTMENT PLANNING STANDARDS WERE RISED,CONSEQUENTLY IT BECAME UNUSED.

IN THIS PAPER, WE ANALYZED THE CONCEPT OF SO-CALLED CO-PARTNERSHIP HOUSING INVENTED BY HENRY VIVIAN(1868-1930) AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS CENTURY, BY PICKING UP THE BRENTHAM GARDEN SUBURB, WEST LONDON AS THE FIRST INNOVATIVE EXAMPLE. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIVIAN'S CONCEPTS ARE SUMMARIZED SUCH AS COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH TO HOUSING FOR THE ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTION AND DWELLER'S PARTICIPATION TO THE WHOLE HOUSING PROCESS FROM PLANNING, BUILDING TO MANAGEMENT. AND VIVIAN'S APPROACH IS HIGHLY EVALUATED FROM THE RECENT THIRD WORLD HOUSING SITUATIONS.

POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE IS NOW WIDELY ACCEPTED ALL OVER THE WORLD. THEN, CAN AND DOES "POST-MODERN PLANNING" EXIST? IF SO, WHAT ARE THE BASIC PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING IT? 　THE AUTHOR IDENTIFIES SOME OF SUCH POSSIBLE PRINCIPLES THROUGH A CASE STUDY OF BATTERY PARK CITY, A NEW YORK'S POST-MODERN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, AND CONCLUDES POST-MODERN PLANNERS HAVE ABANDONED THE "HOLISTIC RATIONALITY" THAT MODERN PLANNERS HAD, IN FAVOR OF "MORE FLEXIBLE AND SOFT RATIONALITY."

IT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER TO STUDY THE CHANGING PROCESS OF URBAN STRUCTURE OF TAINAN CITY IN TAIWAN DURING THE THE JAPANESE RULING PERIOD (1895 TO 1945). WE ANALYZED QUANTITATIVELY URBAN STRUCTURE OF TAINAN IN FIVE DIVISIONS OF THE PERIOD FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF URBAN LAND USE AND ROAD NETWORK THROUGH RECONSTRUCTED CITY MAPS. WE OBSERVED THAT THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF TAINAN WAS DRASTICALLY CHANGED AT THE LAST PHASE OF THE PERIOD, AND THAT FIVE PARTS OF TAINAN WERE SPECIALIZED IN URBAN FUNCTIONSAND DEVELOPMENT.

THE PAPER DESCRIBES THE PHYSICAL TREATED BRIDGE FOOT SPACES IN THE FORMER TOKYO CITY AND HOW PEOPLE USE THE BRIDGE FOOT SPACES. THE WAY OF SURVEY IS TO GIVE THE MEASUREMENT OF THE EACH FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS SPACE IN BRIDGE FOOT SPACES AND CONDUIT THE QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE NEIGHTBORHOOD PEOPLE USING BRIDGE FOOT SPACES. CONCLUSION ： ①THE FUNCTION OF BRIDGE FOOT SPACES HAVE CHANGED FROM THE PROSPERITY AREA IN EDO ERA TO THE DESERTED SPACE AT PRESENT. ②BRIDGE FOOT SPACES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE GROUPS ACCORDING TO SPACE CHARACTERISTICS. ③THE BRIDGE FOOT SPACES WHICH HAVE BECOME POKET PARK HAVE SOME EFFECTINESS IN IMMPROVING URBAN LANDSCAPE FROM ITS USING CHARACTERISTICS.

SHIGEYOSHI FUKUDA (1887-1971), AN ARCHITECT FOR THE TOKYO CITY GOVERNMENT PRESENTED "THE NEW TOKYO PLAN" IN A JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING SCIENCE IN 1918. THIS PAPER AIMES TO EXAMINE HIS PLAN AND IT'S INFLUENCE TO THE SUBSEQUENT CITY PLANNIG AND COMES TO THE CONCLUSION AS FOLLOWS： 1) HIS PLAN INCLUDED PLANNING AREA, LAND-USE AND TRAFFIC SYSTEMS, AND SHOWED A SCHEME OF CITY PLANNING. 2) HIS PROPOSAL MEANED NOT ONLY WIDENING A PLANNING AREA, BUT ALSO DETERMINING CITY GROWTH WITHIN COMMUTING AREA. 3)HIS INTORODUCTION OF RADIAL AND CIRCULAR STREET SYSTEM AND DISTRICT CENTER EXPECTED A FUTURE METOROPOLIS STRUCTURE, WHICH WOULD BE OUTLINED A CONCENTRATION OF TRAFFICS AND LAND-USE.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY THE PROCESS BY WHICH TOKYO'S BUILT-UP AREA CHANGES. THE METHOD OF IMAGE PROCESSING IS APPLIED, USING 1:10,000 MAPS OF MEIJI, TAISHO AND SHOWA ERAS. FIRST, THE PROCESS OF MAKING IMAGE DATA IS EXPLAINED. SECOND, "FORM ANALYSIS" WAS APPLIED TO BACK UP GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS THE EXPANSION OF TOKYO IN A WESTERLY DIRECTION. THIRD, LOOKING AT "GRAINS", DEFINED AS THE MIDDLE GROUND BETWEEN CITY PLAN (LARGE) AND BUILT FORM (SMALL), THIS PAPER CONCLUDES THAT URBAN GROWTH, CONSISTS OF A PARALLEL INCREASE IN BOTH THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF "GRAINS".

CHILDREN'S PLAY ENVIRONMENTS HAS DEGRADED SERIOUSLY DUE TO RAPID URBANIZATION IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS. THIS STUDY, THROUGH INTERVIEWS AND OBSERVATIONS, EXAMINES THE CHANGES IN CHILDREN'S PLAY ENVIRONMENTS THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE OVER PAST SIXTEEN YEARS IN TWO SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF HODOGAYA WARD, YOKOHAMA. AN ADDITIONAL SURVEY IN MIDORI WARD OF THE SAME CITY HAS PROVIDED DATA TO ASSESS POLICY AND PLANNING TOOLS ADOPTED AS PART OF KOHOKU NEW TOWN SCHEME. MEASURES ARE DISCUSSED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CHILDREN'S PLAY ENVIRONMENTS.

THE PROGRESS OF URBANIZATION IS CONSPICUOUS IN RECENT YEARS IN JAPAN. ACCOMPANY PEOPLE AND INDUSTRY ASSEMBLED IN THE CITY, THE LACK OF URBAN FACILITIES AND THE RESIDENTIAL QUARTER HAVE BEEN CAME TO AHEAD. AS THE RESULT, THE WATER AREAS IN THE CITY ARE FILLED IN, AND THE SITE FOR THEM ARE BUILT UP. THEN WE TRY TO CLARIFY THE REASON A DECREASE OF THE WATER AREAS AND THE PROCESS OF THE VANISHING OF THEM.

IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING SYSTEM TO DATE, 1)THIS PLANNING SYSTEM HAS THOUGHT MUCH OF ROLE OF PROPOSAL ISIONS. 2) THESIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRAMEWORK HAS CHANGED TO A MORE SYMBOLIC MEANING AS A METHOD OF DOING GENERAL OBSERVATION OF POPULATION MOVEMENTS FROM THE POLITICAL VIEWPOINT.3) THE SYSTEM UTILIZING ZONES, UNRELATED TO THE PLAN, HAS RECENTLY BEEN EXPANDED, SO THAT THE POWER ORIGINALLY POSSESSED BY THIS PLANNING SYSTEM, TO CONNECT THE CONTENT OF THE PLAN WITH THE ZONE AND WITH RELATED SYSTEMS, IS NOT ACTIVELY USED.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO STUDY QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL URBAN EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTIONS OF 65 MID-SIZE CITIES BY MEANS OF GRAPH THEORETIC METHOD IN ORDER TO FIND OUT THE DIFFERECES BETWEEN EMPLOYEE AND POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS. USING THE METHOD, THE POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF 254 JAPANESE CITIES HAVE ARLEADY BEEN EXAMINED AND SOME EMPIRICAL FINDINGS WERE REPORTED IN EARLIER PAPER. COMPARATIVE RESULT SHOWS THAT: 1) MORE CENTRALIZED PATTERNS ARE OBSERVED IN EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTIONS; 2) EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTIONS ARE AFFECTED BY INDUSTRIAL TAXONOMIC TYPE OF CITIES AND SOME OTHER FACTORS.

THIS STUDY ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN THE FILTERING PROCESS IN THE CBD AND ALSO PROVE A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFICE RELOCATION AND CHANGES IN THE OFFICE COMPONENTS. THE SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS IS : FIRST, THE FILTERING PROCESS CAN BE OBSERVED THROUGH THE FACT THAT NEWLY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS ARE OCCUPIED MOSTLY BY THE TENANTS FROM THE INSIDE OF THE SAME CBD, AND EXISTING ONES OCCUPIED BY THOSE FROM THE OUTSIDE : SECOND, THE MAJOR TRIGGERS OF OFFICE RELOCATION ARE THE NEEDS FOR MORE SPACE AND BETTER QUALITY, WHICH ARE BOTH CAUSED BY THE CHANGES IN THE OFFICE COMPONENTS.

SEVERAL KINDS OF GRID DATA ARE AVAILABLE FOR LAND USE ANALYSIS OF TOKYO AREA, BUT THEY ARE OFTEN DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER IN TERMS OF THE SIZE OF THE GRID WHICH A SINGLE SAMPLED POINT REPRESENTS. THIS PAPER IN GENERAL CONTRIBUTES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE INTEGRATED GRID DATA SYSTEM, AND IN PARTICULAR EXAMINES THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TWO EXISTING GRID DATA SYSTEMS, ONE ADOPTING A 25M × 25M GRID AS THE UNIT GRID AND THE OTHER A 10M × 10M GRID. ONE GRID SYSTEM IS SUPERIMPOSED ON THE OTHER AND DATA CORRESPONDENCE IS EXAMINED. THE PAPER ENDS WITH A DISCUSSION AS TO HOW THE GAPS OF THE 25M-GRID SYSTEM IS FILLED WITH THE INFORMATION DERIVEDFROM THE 10M-GRID SYSTEM.

WHEN WE USE THE PUBLISHED LAND PRICE DATA IN THE ANALYSIS USING URBAN LATTICE DATA, WE SOMETIMES HAVE INCONVENIENCE SINCE THE LAND PRICE DATA CAN BE OBTAINED ONLY ON THE LIMITED POINTS IN THE URBAN AREA. THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO PROPOSE THE MODEL FOR INTERPOLATING THE LAND PRICE DATA. THE PROPOSED MODEL IS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF THE TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN WIDER SENSE. FOR IMPROVING THE FITNESS OF THE MODEL, THE URBAN ACTIVITIES OF EACH PLACE ARE ALSO USED IN THE MODEL.

WE USUALLY CONSIDER A SHOPPING DISTRICT AS A PLANNING UNIT. IN SUCH CASE,SPATIAL SCOPE OF SHOPPING DISTRICT IS GIVEN A PRIORI OR GIVEN BY IMPLICIT WAYS. THIS PAPER DEALS WITH A WAY OF IDENTIFICATION OF SHOPPING DISTRICTS BY USING POINT-SAMPLING LAND USE DATA. IT UNABLES US TO EASILY IDENTIFY LOTS OF SHOPPING DISTRICS THROUGH COMPUTER ALGORISM. THE RESULT IS THAT TWO SHOPS (OR SHOPPING DISTRICTS) LOCATED 75 METERS DISTANCE EACH OTHER BELONG TO SAME SCOPE. OTHER RESULT IS THAT LARGE SCOPES TEND TO BE DEVIDED INTO SMOLLER ONES AND NUMBERS OF SMOLL SCOPES TEND TO INCRESE, THROUGH EMPIRICAL STUDY IN TOKYO.

THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO MEASURE THE EFFECTS OF A FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT PLANNED FOR THE CHITOSE RIVER BASIN USING TWO TYPES OF LAND PRICE FUNCTION. IN THESE LAND PRICE FUNCTIONS, 'ANNUAL EXPECTED DEPTH OF FLOOD WATER' IS INTRODUCED AS AN EXPLANATORY VARIABLE THAT CAN REPRESENT THE EFFECT OF A FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT. COMPARING OUR APPROACH WITH A METHOD OF THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS WHICH IS A CONVENTIONAL EVALUATION METHOD AND HAS BEEN WIDELY USED IN JAPAN, THE EFFICIENCY AND LIMITATION OF OUR APPROACH ARE DISCUSSED.

RECENTLY, A LOT OF SCIENCE CITIES ARE BEING PLANNED IN VARIOUS LOCAL AREAS. IN THIS PAPER, WE TRY TO FIND WHAT ENVIRONMENT HAS TO BE PLANNED IN SCIENCE CITY FOR R&D FACILITY IN A PRIVATE ENTERPRISE. THE RESULTS ARE AS FOLLOWS; 1)IN THE REGION OF THE SCIENCE CITY, IN THE SURROUNDINGS IT IS PREFERABLE THAT AN ATTRACTIVE ENVIRONMENT INRESPECT OF THE TALENT ACQUISITION AND THE INFORMATION COLLECTION IS PLANNED. 2)THE EVALUATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IS CONSIDERABLY DIFFERENT BECAUSE OF THE CHARACTER OF THE RESEARCH DONE IN THE FACILITY. 3)IT IS EFFECTIVE TO IMPROVE THE REGIONAL IMAGE SO THAT THE FACILITY MAY BE SATISFIED WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE SCIENCE CITY.

THIS STUDY IS CONCERNED WITH THE WAY OF ESTIMATING LOCATION COST OFOFFICES IN CITIES． IF WE CALCULATE THE COST WITHOUT SOCIAL FACTORS, THE LOCATION COST IN TOKYO IS THE LOWEST OF ALL CITIES IN JAPAN． THIS SEEMS TO BE A MAIN REASON OF CONCENTRATION OF OFFICES IN TOKYO． HOWEVER, IF WE CALCULATE THE COST INCLUDING THE SOCIAL FACTORS, SUCH AS ABITATION, TRAFFIC CONGENSTION, THE LOCATION COST IN TOKYO BECOMES VERY HIGH． THIS FACT ASSERTS THAT THE CONCENTRATION OF OFFICES IN TOKYO IS NOT PREFERABLE IF COMPANIES MUST PAY THE SOCIAL COSTS．

CONCENTRATION OF OFFICES IN TOKYO METROPOLITAN REGION IS GETTINGSEVERE IN '80TH. IT HAS CAUSED MANY SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS INTOKYO, SUCH AS TRAFFIC JAM, HIGH LAND PRICES, ETC. WE MUST EASE THECONCENTRALIZATION OF OFFICE FUNCTION. IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER HOW TO RELOCATE THE OFFICES FROM THE CENTRAL AREA TO SUBURBAN IN TOKYO. WE CONSIDER SOME PUBLIC POLICIES TOWARD OFFICE RELOCATION IN TOKYO, SUCH AS DOWN-ZOING. WE ANALIZE THE CHANGE OF THE NUMBER OF OFFICE WORKERS IN TOKYO METROPORITAN REGION WHEN THESE POLICIES ARE INTRODUCED.

RECENTLY, THE THIRD-SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE THREE PROJECTS, NAMELY, (MAKUHARI-SHINTOSHIN, MINATO-MIRAI 21, TOKYO-RINKAI-FUKUTOSIN), IN THE TOKYO BAY AREA.THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO ANALYZE THE DIFFERENT CHARACTER OFTHE THRID-SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN THE ABOVE AREAS AND ALSO TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUNDS. THE FINDINGS INCLUDE THE CHARACTER OF ROCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE CHARACTER OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.

THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO MAKE OUT THE WAY THE RURAL LANDSCAPE HAS BEEN DISFIGURED IN THE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGES IN THE SUBURBS OF A LOCAL CITY TSUYAMA FROM THE VIEWPOINTS SUCH AS THE MECHANISM OF OCCURRENCE OF DEVELOPMENTS, WHAT FACTORS HAVE CHANGED RURAL LANDSCAPE, THE RELATION BETWEEN THE DISFIGUREMENT OF THE LANDSCAPE AND FARMERS' WAY OF THINKING THE URBANIZATION. FOR THE ABOVE AIM, WE SURVEY MAINLY THE CHANGES OF LAND-OWNERSHIP IN EACH DEVELOPMENTS AND HOW FARMERS HAVE USED AND ARE GOING TO USE THEIR LAND (FARM AND WOOD) AND HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENTS AND THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE.

　IN ORDER TO MAKE CLEAR THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS'LAND MANAGEMENT UNDER THE ZONING IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT REGION, THIS PAPER TRIED TO CLASSIFY FARMERS INTO 6 TYPES AND ANALIZE THE FOLLOWING ITEMS; 1)THE TOTAL AREA OF THEIR FARMLAND ; 2)THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF THEIR FARMLAND INTO THE TWO ZONES ; 3)THEIR PROBLEMS CONCERNING LAND MANAGEMENT ; AND 4)THE FUTURE DIRECTION OF THEIR LAND MANAGEMENT.

THERE EXIST 230 VILLAGES IN HEAVY SNOWFALL BELTS IN JAPAN AND 71 VILLAGES OF THEM HAVE INCREASED THEIR POPULATION FROM 1980 TO 1985, IN SPITE OF THEIR HANDICAPPED SITUATION. 　THIS STUDY AIMS TO CLARIFY, IN ORDER TO GET SOME SUGGESTION FOR VILLAGE ACTIVATING POLICY, THE CHARACTERISCTICS OF SUCH POPULATION INCREASED VILLAGES, IN TERMS OF INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE POPULATION GROWTH. BASED ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION INCREASED VILLAGES COMPARED WITH DEPOPULATING VILLAGES, TWO DOMINANT FACTORS DEFFERING INCREASING VILLAGES WITH DECREASING ONES, AND MAIN INDUSTRIAL TYPES OF POPULATION INCREASED VILLAGES ARE FOUND OUT.

IN RECENT YEARS, DECREASING OF RESIDENTIAL USE HAS BEEN MORE AND MORE SERIOUS AT THE CITY CENTER IN TOKYO. BUT THERE ARE FEW STUDY ABOUT THE ENTIRE CONDITION OF RESIDENTIAL USE OF DISTRICT-WIDE SCALE, AND THERE ARE FEW HISTORICAL EVALUATION ON THIS PROBLEM. SO, IN THIS ARTICLE, I WILL MAKE CLEAR HISTORICAL CHANGE OF THIS PROBLEMS IN THE SHORT AND MIDDLE TERM. AFTER THAT, ENTIRE CONDITION OF RESIDENTIAL USE IN AKASAKA-ROPPONGI DISTRICT WILL BE ANALYSED. AS A CONCLUSION, PLANNING METHOD TO HARMONIZE BIG PROJECTS AND CONSERVATION OF RESIDENTIAL USE AROUND THE AREA WILL BE PROPOSED.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS HOW A LAND USE CONTROL SYSTEM SHOULD BE FOR THE MIXED LAND USE IN "YAMANOTE" SUB-CBD BELT AREA OF TOKYO. WE SURVEYED THE BUILDING FLOOR USES ON 5,721 PARCELS OF LAND AT THE TWELVE DISTRICTS AND THE THREE TYPES OF MIXED USE RATIOS ARE IDENTIFIED OF BOTH LAND AREA AND FLOOR AREA. 　WE DISCUSS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LAND USE CONTROL METHODS TO ALLOW FLOOR AREA WITH LIMITTED USE AND TO REGULATE VERTICAL ZONES.

THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF METHOD FOR THE RENEWAL OF BUILT-UP AREA : THE ONE IS "RECONSTRUCTION" AND THE OTHER IS "IMPROVEMENT". THE FORMER METHOD WAS POPULAR IN THE 1960S' AND THE LATTER HAS BEEN POPULAR IN THE 1970S' AND 1980S', BUT THERE HAS BEEN FEW EVALUATION ABOUT MERIT AND DEMERIT OF THE TWO TYPES. SO, WE TAKE TWO TYPES OF ACTUAL EXAMINATION IN TOSHIMA-WARD, THROUGH THE REVIEW OF HISTORY AND DATA ANALYSIS, WE FIND MERIT/DEMERIT AND THE MEANING OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO TYPES. AFTER THAT, WE DISCUSS ABOUT THE METHOD OF IMPROVING THE RENEWAL SYSTEMS.

THE EXISTANCE OF THE U.S. BASE AREAS PREVENTS SMOOTH CONSTRUCTION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN OKINAWA. OTHERWISE, THE BASE AREAS IN ( OR NEAR ) THE CITY ARE RETURNED EVRY YEAR. THESE AREAS ARE GOING TO AFFECT LAND USE OF THE CITY AFTER THIS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO FIND THE PROBLEMS OF PLANNING OF THE LAND USE BY COMPARING THE PRESENT CONDITION OF LAND USE TO THE PLANNING OF DIVERSION IN THE U.S. BASE AREAS AFTER REVERSION TO OKINAWA.

IN THE CITY, INTENTIONAL WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT ARE REGULATION, GUIDANCE AND CONSERVATION. BUT THESE WAYS TAKE A LONG TIME TO WORK. IN ORDER TO MAKE THESE WAYS BETTER AND MORE PROPER, IT MUST BE MADE THE SECULAR CHANGE OF THE LEVEL OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT. IN THIS PAPER, ATTRIBUTIONS OF RESIDENTS AND RELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND ESTIMATIONS OF IT WERE MADE CLEAR IN EIGHT LIVING AREAS IN TOKYO WARDS IN 1975 AND 1985. AND THE SECULAR CHANGE OF RELATIONS WERE ANALYSED. THE FOLLOWING ARE CLEAR: ESTIMATIONS ANSWER TO LIVING ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICAL INDICATOR - THE ESTIMATION CORRESPONDS TO THE PHYSICAL INDICATOR, STABILIZES YEAR BY YEAR. IN THE AREA OF LOW DENSITY, ANY FACTORS, EXCEPT FOR DENSITY, HAVE INFLUENCE ON THE ESTIMATION OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT, BUT THE AREA OF HIGH DENSITY IS MUCH BY DENSITY.

MANY ENTERPRISES ARE WORKING IN JAPAN, UNDER THE KEYWORD "COMMUNITY DESIGN". PUBLIC BENEFIT TRUST SYSTEM FOR COMMUNITY DESIGN IS AN INSTITUTION TO SUPPORT SUCH ENTERPRISES ON A BASIS OF A FUND. THIS PAPER INTRODUCES THESE THIRTEEN EXAMPLES AND MAKES THEIR ACTIVITIES CLEAR. AS A RESULT, PUBLIC BENEFIT TRUST SYSTEM FOR COMMUNITY DESIGN SUPPORTS ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY DESIGN, BECAUSE OF CONSTANT DELIVERY OF FUNDS AND FLEXIBILITY OF OPERATION.

IN SEPTEMBER 1990, THE TYPHOON 19TH LARGELY CAUSED PEOPLE TO INCURE A GREAT LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY IN WESTERN JAPAN. THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO GIVE AN OUTLINE OF THE ACTUAL CONDITION OF A FLOOD DISASTER. IN THIS STUDY, WE CLASSIFY RESIDENTS' BEHAVIOR INTO THREE CATEGORIES, 1) A SAFEGUARD BEHAVIOR AGAINST A DISASTER, 2) AN EVACUATION BEHAVIOR TO SHELTERS, 3) A BEHAVIOR FOR KEEPING THEIR DAIRY LIFE. WE CLEAR MAIN FACTORS THAT PROMOTE OR BLOCK EACH BEHAVIOR. WE WILL HAVE A CLEAR GRASP OF ACTUAL SITUATIONS OF VICTIMS' LIVING IN SHELTERS AND FIND THE CONDITIONS THAT SHELTERS SHOULD HAVE.

THIS PAPER SHOWS HOW PEOPLE WOULD FIND THE ROUTE TO THE EVACUATE IN CASE OF CITY FIRE FROM AN EXPERIMENTATION, AND MAKES A PRIORITIZATION MODEL IMPROVING DISTRICT ROAD BY MAKE USE OF THIS EXPERIMATION'S RESULT. THIS MODEL TAKING NOT-ICE A PROBABILITY OF CHOOSING A ROUTE, AND IT CAN USE FOR ESTIMATION OF DISTR-ICT A ROAD AND DECIDING IMPROVEMENT ORDER OF THERE IN NARROW AND IRREGULAR ROAD PATTERN AREA.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO ESTIMATE ECONOMIC LOSS AS AN INDIRECT DAMAGE AT CITY LEVEL FOLLOWING NATURAL DISASTERS. THE IMPACTS TO TOURISM AND SMALL SHOP SALES CAUSED BY THREE MAJOR DISASTERS OCCURRED IN RECENT YEARS WERE TAKEN AS CASE STUDIES. THE REGRESSION MODELS WITH DUMMY VARIABLES TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACTS WERE DEVELOPED. THE RESULT SHOWS THAT THE IMPACTS AND ECONOMIC LOSS AS TO TOURISM ARE SEVERE IN MOST DISASTERS. HOWEVER, ECONOMIC LOSSES TO SMALL SHOP SALES ARE NOT SO HIGH AND IN SOME CASES, POSITIVE EFFECTS TO THE REGIONAL ECONOMY CAN BE OBSERVED DUE TO GREAT DEMANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION WORKS.

THIS PAPER RELATES TO ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANCE BETWEEN THE LEGAL CONTROLS OF BUILDINGS AND DISTRIBUTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES IN THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN AREA. FURTHER, THE AIM OF THE LEVEL OF FIRE SCHEME IN AN URBAN AREA IS DISCUSSED THROUGH STOCHASTIC FIRE SPREAD MODEL. THROUGH THE ANALYSIS ABOVE MENTIONED, THE FOLLOWING ITEMS BECAME CLEAR: (1) THE FIRE SPREAD SPEED INDEX IN QUASI-FIRE-ZONE IS GREATER THAN THAT IN NO FIRE CONTROLLED ZONE. (2) A ADEQUATE LEVEL OF FIRE SCHEME IN QUASI-FIRE-ZONE WILL NOT BE CARRIED OUT UNLESS THE PERFORMANCE OF FIRE PROTECTIVE LEVEL OF WOODEN BUILDINGS IS IM-PROVED.

PEOPLE MAY BE PROTECTED FROM SOME CRIME, IF PHYSICAL PLANNING OF HOUSING IS GOOD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO SURVEY OF INFLUENCE FACTOR ON CRIME PREVENTION OF PEOPLE LIVING AT HOUSING BY A QUESTIONNAIRE. A RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY IS EASY TO OCCUR AT THE EDGE OF THE HOUSING, ESPECIALLY, IF THE ELEVATOR HALL IS NOT GUARDED FROM A STRANGER. THE PLACE WHERE THE PEOPLE THINK UNSAFETY IS PARK, ENTRANCE HALL, ELEVATOR AND SO ON. AS THE DAILY ROOT INSIDE THE AREA IS LONGER, THEY HAVE MORE INTEREST IN THE STATE OF AFFAIRS AT THEIR HOUSING.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO EVALUATE THREE COMMUNITY ROADS IN TOKYO, CONSTRUCTED FIVE TO TEN YEARS AGO, IN TERMS OF CHANGES IN VEHICULAR TRAFFIC VOLUME, EFFECTS OF SPEED CONTROL DEVICE ON TRAVEL SPEED, MAINTENANCE DIFFICULTIES AND PROBLEMS, AND ILLEGAL CAR AND BICYCLE PARKING. OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS USING VIDEO CAMERA GAVE US THE FOLLOWING FINDINGS : (1) PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE TRAFFIC INCREASED WHILE VEHICLE TRAFFIC DECREASED. THUS, THIS IMPLIED THAT THESE ROADS ARE RECOGNIZED MORE AS COMMUNITY ROADS. (2)TRAVEL SPEED ARE FASTER THAN THE DESIGN SPEED OF THOSE ROADS. MORE ATTENTION, THEREFORE, SHOULD BE PAID TO THE DESIGN OF SPEED CONTROL DEVISES.

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL STREETS IN URBAN SPRAWLED AREAS. IT IS QUITE IMPORTANT TO INCREASE STREET SPACE, ESPECIALLY PRECINCT DISTRIBUTORS IN THESE AREAS, BUT IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CONSTRUCT THEM AFTER SPRAWLED AREAS HAVE BEEN BUILD UP. THEREFORE SUCH PRECINCT DISTRIBU-TORS SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED IN AN EARLIER STAGE OF SPRAWL. IN THIS PAPER, REQUIRED VOLUME OF THE PRECINCT DISTRIBUTORS, STEPWISE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DISTRIBUTORS AND SO ON ARE DISCUSSED.

IN THE PRESENT STUDY, A PROPOSAL IS MADE ON THE SNOW-REMOVAL WIDTH REQUIRED FOR "SUBSISTENCE ROADS" IN CITIES, BASED ON THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION AND OBSERVATION. "SUBSISTENCE ROADS" MEANS THOSE WITH-OUT RAISED SIDEWALKS. THIS WIDTH IS DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES; AMONG THEM, "WIDTH FOR PEDESTRIANS" AND "SIDE-ALLOWANCE WIDTH FOR PEDE-STRIANS" WERE OBTAINEDBY ACTUAL OBSERVATION, AND PROPOSAL FOR THE SNOW-REMOVAL WIDTH OF SUBSISTENCE ROADS DURING WINTER IS PRESENTED.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO GRASP THE REAL CONDITION OF TERMINALS OR TRANSFER POINTS IN METRO MANILA WHICH HAS VARIOUS KINDS OF TRANSPORTATION MODES. CONCLUSION IN THIS PAPER ARE FOLLOWING ; (1)GRASPING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TERMINAL AT THE LRT STATION. (2)MAKING CLEAR THE TRIP-BEHAVIOR AROUND THE LRT STATION. (3)OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTIVITIES AROUD

IN RECENT YEARS, THE SEASON-TICKET PASSENGERS TO WORK WHO TAKE THE SHINKANSEN GRADUALLY INCREASED. TO ANALYZE THE CHARACTERISTICS IS THE ESSENTIAL MATTER OF TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN A METROPOLITAN AREA FOR THE FIRST BEING. BASED ON A QUESTIONAIRE CONDUCTED AT TAKASAKI STATION, THIS PAPER CLARIFIED THE MECHANISM OF THE PRECEDING SOCIAL PHENOMENON AND REFERRED TO THE MEANING AND THE PROBLEM FOR REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING.

IN IMPROVING THE RESIDENTIAL STREETS, IT IS QUITE IMPORTANT TO HAVE RESIDENTS UNDERSTAND THE IDEA OF PROPOSED PLAN. IN THIS PAPER, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LANDSCAD (LANDSCAPE CAD: COMPUTER-AIDED VIDEO SIMULATION SYSTEM) WHICH WERE DEVELOPED FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS. IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA IN SUBURBAN CITY OF TOKYO, IN WHICH RESIDENTS ARE TRYING TO GENERATE A TRAFFIC CALMING PLAN, WE SHOWED RESIDENTS SOME PICTURES OF ALTERNATIVES AIDED BY LANDSCAD. THROUGH THE PAIRED COMPARISON TEST AND THE INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF LANDSCAD ON RESIDENTS' PREFERENCE, WE COULD PROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS SYSTEM.

IN THIS STUDY, FIRST OF ALL, WE APPLIED THREE CRITERIA, FOR EVALUATING PRACTICAL CONVENIENCE CONSIDERING THE TRAVEL-TIME UNCERTAINTY TO ACTUAL BUS NETWORK. NEXT, WE CARRIED OUT RESEARCHES ON OPINIONS OF CITIZENS AT ZONES WHOSE CONVENIENCE ARE DIFFERENT. THEN WE FOUND THE UNDERSTANDING LEVEL ABOUT UNCERTAINTY OF THEM AND THE WAY OF ACTION ON IT. AS A RESULT, WE CLARIFIED THE EFFECT OF THE TRAVEL-TIME UNCERTAINTY ON CONVENIENCE.

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE STABILITY IN TIME OF THE MODEL THAT COMMUTERS CHOOSE WHETHER OR NOT TO PARTICIPATE IN NONWORK, OUT-OF-HOME ACTIVITIES. THE STABILITY IS EXAMINED BY USING THREE TIMES TRAVEL DATA IN HIROSHIMA METROPOLITAN AREA(I.E. 1967, 1978, 1987), UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE MODEL IN SAME COHORT IS TRANSFERABLE OVER TIME. SOME EMPIRICAL ANALYSES REJECT THIS ASSUMPTION, BECAUSE THE EACH PROPORTION OF SOME SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES TO SET OF COMMUTERS IN COHORT DIFFERS ACCORDING TO TRAVEL DATA. THIS PAPER SUGGESTS SIGNIFICANT DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE STABILITY OF GENERATION MODEL OF NONWORK, OUT-OF-HOME TRIPS.

THE PAPER IS CONCERNED WITH THE EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY FOR DISCRETIONARY TRIPS INCLUDING SHOPPING AND PERSONAL BUSINESS BASED ON A SEVEN DAYS' CONSECUTIVE ACTIVITY DIARY DATA COLLECTED IN UTSUNOMIYA, 1988. THE DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY OF THESE TRIPS WAS SIGNIFICANT EVEN ON WEEKDAYS (MON-FRI) AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF WORK TRIPS. TRIP LENGTH AND ACTIVITY DURATION TIME INDICATED DIFFERENT VARIABILITIES FROM AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAILY TRIPS, AND HOUR-TO-HOUR TRIP FREQUENCY WAS ALSO FOUND VARIABLE ON WEEKDAYS. TRAVEL MODES MADE THE ACTIVITY LOCATION SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT, WHILE ANY DEFINITE DIFFERENCE IN ACTIVITY LOCATION COULD NOT BE SEEN BETWEEN WEEKDAYS AND WEEKEND. INTERACTION BETWEEN THE DAY OF THE WEEK AND TRAVEL ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS TRAVEL MODES AND TIME OF THE DAY WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT OVER SEVEN DAYS, BUT NOT OVER FIVE WEEKDAYS.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE DECISION STRUCTURE OF DESTINATION CHOICE BEHAVIOR BY VISITORS TO A SHOPPING COMPLEX ON NON-WORK DAYS. A SHOPPING COMPLEX (SC) IS DEFINED HERE AS A COMPOUND ACTIVITY SITE WHERE A LARGE-SCALE SUPERMARKET AND SPECIALITY STORES ARE LOCATED. WHILE SUCH AN SC BEING COMPETITIVE WITH THE DOWNTOWN SHOPPING AREA, IT IS AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT IN TRANSPORT PLANNING TO ANALYZE THE PROPERTIES OF SHOPPING ACTIVITY AND TRAVEL LINKAGES. IN THIS PAPER, BINARY LOGIT MODELS ARE ESTIMATED TO REPRESENT THE DESTINATION CHOICE BETWEEN THE SC AND DOWNTOWN. THE ATTRIBUTES DESCRIBED IN THE STATED PREFERENCE QUESTIONS INCLUDE THE CHARGE AND WAITING TIME FOR PARKING IN THE DOWNTOWN, AND LAND-USE CONDITIONS AT THOSE DESTINATIONS. THE RESULTS FROM THE MODEL ESTIMATION SHOW THAT THESE ATTRIBUTES STRONGLY DETERMINE THE DECISION MAKING AS WELL AS LIFE CYCLE STAGE, LEVEL OF INCOME AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CONSTRAINTS.

THIS PAPER STUDIED ON THE PARKING CHOICE BEHAVIOR INCORPORATING TEMPORAL VARIA-TION IN DEMAND. WITH A SET OF DISAGGREGATE PARKING USE DATA IN MATSUMOTO CITY CENTER, NAGANO, WE REVIEWED THE BASIC DEMENSIONS OF PARKING USE LIKE PARKING WAITING TIME AND PARKING TIME DYNAMICALLY. THEN, WE BUILT THE PARKING CHOICE MODELS INCORPORATING PARKING WAITING TIME, WHICH WAS DYNAMICALLY DISTRI-BUTED VARIABLE. AFTER ESTIMATING THE MODELS, WE DEVELOPED PARKING SIMULATION MODEL, WHICH COULD DEAL WITH THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARKING USE, IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE INTRODUCTION OF PARKING GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SYSTEM.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO PROPOSE THE GUIDELINE FOR THE ON-STREET PARKING. FIRST, IN ORDER TO CONSTRUCT THE MODEL WHICH DEPICTS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRIVER'S BEHAVIOR AND PARKING CONDITIONS, WE ANALYZED THE ON-STREET PARKING CARS BEHAVIOR USING VTR CAMERA. THEN WE CONDUCTED THE SURVEY TO IDENTIFY THE DISTANCE OF CAR PARKING FROM THE OTHER ONES FOR MINIMIZING THE INFLUENCES ON OTHER CARS. AT LAST, WE FOUND THAT THE STANDARD LENGTH FOR ON-STREET PARKING IS 9M ON FOR-WARD PARKING AND 6M ON BACKWARD PARKING.