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Jae-Young Choe
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
1-10
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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Based on SP survey data (Hiroshima 2001, Sendai 2003, and Kobe 2003, 2009), this study investigates the differences in people's image of building damage and rates of evacuation response in a hypothetical earthquake. Through multiple correspondence analysis, this study finds that people intuitively judge the damage level of buildings by the appearances of cracks, debris, and inclination, and assess the damage level either as "light damage" (no damage or slight), or "remarkable damage" (moderate or heavy). Furthermore, the analysis shows that damage image is often underestimated than the image prescribed by the researchers. The logistic model also confirms that evacuation rate based on people's image is higher than that of researcher's.
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Masaya Ueno, Nobuharu Suzuki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
11-18
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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In 2004, Yokohama City government drawn up a plan named 'Creative City of art and culture'. This plan is formed to revitalize the old downtown are by the integration of three different policies: machidukuri, cultural policy, and industrial promotion by inviting the creative industry, which is a high growth industry, in an intended formation of industrial cluster. In this paper, the author examines the locational tendencies of creative industries in Yokohama City based on the statistic data from 2006 and 2009. The result of the survey shows the higher growth rate in Yokohama, comparing with national level statistical data. It also shows the formation of cluster of creative industries in the western part of Kannai District, an old downtown district, which is a part of promotion area of creative industries designated by Yokohama City. It is concluded that the creative city policy of Yokohama City plays a role to form the creative industry cluster.
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A case of the Hachiman-moat landscaping project in Omi-Hachiman city
Yuka Kataoka
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
19-24
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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This study of Landscaping project in Hachiman-bori moat in OmiHachiman city, Shiga evolve through public-Private Partnership. We analyze the relationship between activities undertaken by each sector and implementation until the time of achievement process. And we clarified that roles and phased steps as part of constructing relationships between government and civic organizations. As a result, it was suggested that phased steps as part of constructing relationships between government and civic organizations because of 1) civic organization (JC) played the role of a bridge between community resident and government and university, 2) Government asked the civic organization to accountability for a petition and make a concrete proposal, and 3) Government accepted this petition because this civic organization ready to respond to their requests as promised.
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A Case Study of Unchanged Landscape Characters in the British Settlement
Masaru Miyawaki, Kiryo Tou
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
25-32
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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The historic landscape character in the urban core in Shanghai is still not widely researched because the city continues to be changed. This study analyzes the unchanged of the British settlement which is now located on the Huangpu district by the seven historic maps from 1855 to 2012. Historic landscape Characterisation (Historic landscape assessment) is analyzed by unchanged roads, unchanged blocks, and heritage buildings. As a result, 44% of streets and 15% of blocks were formed until 1855, and total 90% of streets and blocks were originated from 1932 in the research area. Heritages are mostly located between Henan road and the Bund. This paper specifically indicates their locations and their great values to be preserved.
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The character and the activities of public-private partnership project of 'Suito Osaka'
Yumi Endoji, Masaru Miyawaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
33-40
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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In recent years the revitalization projects of waterfront areas with public-private partnerships develop some areas where had too strict governmental regulations in Japan. The objective of this study is to clarify the effective managements by the private sector initiative. As good practices the four waterfront projects in 'Suito Osaka' are focused on the innovative planning techniques in Osaka. The main reasons of the effective uses of their cases are analyzed into the following points. 1) The projects were mainly reflected by the private sector ideas beyond the problems of sectionalism. 2) Spatial continuity of accessibility in the waterfront directly influences the use and activities.
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A Case Study of 13 Major Military Cities Having Divisional Headquarters of Army
Yoichi Imamura
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
41-46
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the needs of schools for the former military ground and buildings immediately after the WWII, the conversion pattern to the school from former military ground in Nagoya, and the forming process of the education area by the conversion of former military ground in 13 major military cities. I can point out that there were needs of the building as substitution of the school building burned down immediately after the WWII, and there were needs of the land for establishment of the school for corresponding to the increase in students after the 1950s. Seven cities had the education area formed in the former military ground, and I can point out that there were two types. One is the large-scale university campus in the old castle area. Another is accumulation of elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, and college campus in the suburbs.
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A case study on Zenkoji temple town area, Nagano city
Kenichi Yabuki, Yukio Nishimura, Aya Kubota
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
47-52
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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By focusing on vacant houses regeneration activity in Nagano city, this study aims to clarify effective strategy of vacant houses regeneration management, as well as the relationship between vacant houses regeneration management and community regeneration. Through case study, following aspects are clarified: To activate and manage the area regeneration successfully, the target town should rediscover its vernacular potentials or add a new value, which is based on their own historical city environment. It is possible to attract private organizations to involve in the regeneration by offering financial and human-resource assistance. This research also points out that new resident fit into the community through four phases and they are able to activate the community effectively with the support gained from vacant house regeneration activities delivered by certain organization.
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Haruna Suzuki, Hiroyuki Sakakibara
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
53-58
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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As excessive motorization proceeds in local cities, there is serious mobility gap caused by owning car. In such areas, daily and social activity of people who cannot hold car may be restricted. In this study, we implemented questionnaire survey for residents and students and examine the psychological effects of the mobility gap. As a result, it was indicated that the degree of place attachment, subjective well-being and sense of local geography is higher for the students who hold car than students who do not hold car. On the other hand, place attachment of residents show opposite tendency and higher than students. This result indicate that mobility gap in local city have negative psychological influence on passive- non-owner of car.
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Weite Lu, Masaru Kiyota, Koji Ishibashi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
59-64
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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Disabled parking identification card system is a useful method to prevent illegal parking on such spaces designated exclusively for disabled persons. However, the number of severely disabled persons leaving their vehicles at disabled parking is declining while that of expectant and nursing mothers, i.e. persons having some difficulty in walking and suffering from another physical restriction is increasing. That is why a lot of claims have been filed with Saga Prefecture. Meanwhile an action plan expanding disabled parking for an additional lot has been initiated since January 20th 2010. In this present study, the effectiveness of this action plan and its issue are discussed based on investigating the actual condition carried out at a large-scale retail store. Finally a new design concept of disabled parking is proposed.
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Akinobu Murakami, Shinji Kurihara, Koji Harashina
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
65-70
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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In this study, the features of thermal environment in a residential area of Jakarta, Indonesia, and the residents' usage of outdoor spaces were examined. In order to discuss the relationships between thermal environment and residents' behavior, field observation of outdoor spaces and application of a numerical simulation were implemented. The information on building shapes and materials was collected in the study area, and the 3D-CAD model was developed. Then the surface temperature distribution and Mean Radiant Temperature distribution were calculated using numerical simulations. The residents' behavior was recorded using interval cameras, then compared to the MRT distribution map. The results indicated that the residents used the space where scored low MRT value during the hottest times on an elective basis.
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Study in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Pref.
Shigeru Satoh, Katsuhiro Kubo, Keisuke Sugano, Akio Shiino
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
71-76
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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Many of Japanese castle towns include unique landscapes that show further mountain peaks along the extended centerline of streets. Besides, even if this phenomenon has long been generally recognized as usual landscapes, it was not scientifically proved as a design method of urban landscape yet. Based on this consideration, this paper aimed at investigating the geographical locations among each street centerline and mountain peak using GIS in Tsuruoka City. As a result, it was revealed that angles between extended 18 street center lines and lines toward mountain peaks were measured up to 2.7 degree, and these numeric outcomes can be certain indices of verifying the presence of urban landscape design method of castle town.
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A Research Landscape Resources and Funds of NPO, Farmers and Local Authority
Shunji Kobayashi, Masaru Miyawaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
77-82
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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The aim of this study is to clarify awareness and problems for the landscape preservation in Oyama-senmaida in Kamogawa. Interviews and questionnaires have been prepared for the NPO of rice terraces, for local farmers, and for the agricultural sector and the cultural heritage sector in the City of Kamogawa. As a result of questionnaires following points were cleared. 1) 86% of respondents aware of the values of the landscape and the preservation. 2) 77% of respondents recognize the agricultural stewardship for the landscape in the forest. 3) Although 96% of respondents are positive for the cultural landscape preservation, there are problems for the realization in the local authority. 4) Farmers look negative for the tourism because of the ill-manners.
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Kota Maruya, Sampei Yamashita, Tadashi Uchiyama, Yuki Ogawa
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
83-92
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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Traditional pottery has gained recognition as a resource of cultural landscape that represents the relationship between manufacturing and nature. But it can be transformed by the acceptance of modernization. This study aims to investigate the transformation of cultural landscape in the village of Koishiwara. Analyses reveal that the scenes composed of the process transformed by translocation in the houses, partition from potter's works and concentration by cooperation. They made it possible to work mostly inside of the premises and the spatial isolation has caused the spread of the production area. These results suggest a necessity of conservation of the scenes nurtured by pottery and visualization of a sequence of the whole scenes by potter's cooperation.
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Urban/Architectural Design in the City of Santa Barbara, California
Mineteru Omori, Koji Noda
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
93-100
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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The concept and regulations of the El Puebro Viejo were researched. I considered how to create an attractive environment by taking historical properties into account. 1)The activists and the NPO were able to create an attractive environment, based on the above concept. In addition to the guideline, it is important that many plans and regulations have been set up. 2)An objective is to create and preserve the State Street unified by the Spanish style. Given that the historical resources and the characterized regions are important, the preservation has been carried out. 3)The regulations of the architectural design are designated in the guideline concretely. Although there are many restrictions, the residents who have affirmative consciousness are the majority.
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a Case in Cleveland, Ohio, the United States
Yasuyuki Fujii, Junichiro Okata, Hideki Koizumi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
101-112
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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Cleveland once prospered as the fifth largest city in the United States, but has lost more than half of its population from the heyday. The City of Cleveland Land Bank (CCLB), a city government program, has worked at community level since the 1970s by acquiring and disposing vacant lots while the recently-established Cuyahoga County Land Reutilization Corporation (CCLRC), a public-mission nonprofit organization, acquires and repurposes abandoned properties with structures as well, including mortgage foreclosed properties. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effects of the two strata land banking in Cleveland with a view to collaboration of the two land banks, accelerated demolition, partnerships with various governmental entities, mortgage lenders as well as end-users of land bank property.
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Remi Sekiguchi, Nao Kasai, Masato Dohi
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
113-119
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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After several years of its initial response to homelessness, the U.S. government introduced the Continuum of Care (CoC) concept in 1993. The concept has formed a basis for federal homeless policy and has stimulated community-wide coordination of homeless service providers through a local planning body, or a CoC as an entity. A CoC also means a local system of homeless programs and services. This study examines an ongoing situation of the New York City CoC, drawing on interviews with the staff of local key agencies and Internet research. As results, 1) The CoC body is comprised of NPOs with different backgrounds, which provide a wide range of services for the homeless as well as other vulnerable groups receiving funds from different government departments. 2) The CoC is an institutionally, geographically and disciplinary comprehensive support system to end homelessness.
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For regions with tsunami-inexperienced residens
Takehito Ujihara, Hirofumi Abe, Mai Sasaki
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
120-127
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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A huge earthquake centered in Nankai Trough is expected. Tsunami preparedness is required in regions where residents have no tsunami experience. This questionnaire survey of a coastal area of Okayama city, a region with no tsunami experience, revealed properties of individual preparation and their effects on evacuation activity. Results show the following. 1) Five preparation types were identified based on nine tsunami-preparedness items. If a huge Nankai Trough earthquake occurs, 2) an "All-round type" comprising mostly households of old people and couples will tend to evacuate by foot. "Non-preparation type" comprising mostly single-person households will tend to evacuate by car. 3) Evacuation activity of "Knowledgeable type" resembles that of "Non-prepared type".
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A Disaster-resistant Concept proposed by Minoru Kouda and its influence on the postwar reconstruction
Keita Yamaguchi, Yasuhiro Nishino
2014 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages
128-139
Published: April 25, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2014
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This paper aims to explore the formation process of riverside parks in Kobe city and its planning thought. The concept of riverside parks was proposed for disaster-resistant after the Great Hanshin Flood that occurred in 1938. Minoru Kouda asserted the concept of building green belts that is 100 meters wide along rivers in the discussion of the reconstruction committee of Kobe city. This idea was not adopted because of a difficulty of acquiring a government subsidy, but adopted in the postwar reconstruction policy. The greenbelt plan has implemented by a land readjustment execution, and realized with a little reduction of the original plan.
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