In 1991, due to the need for disaster prevention and conservation of the urban environment in Urbanization Promotion Areas, the agricultural land in those areas was divided into “Agricultural land to be converted into residential land” and “Agricultural land to be preserved”. The latter is called the Productive Green Area. However, in some cities, useful Urbanization Control Areas are relatively close to the Central Area, and the agricultural land extends into the suburbs. It is considered that the agricultural land of the suburbs plays the role of the agricultural land of the urban area. In this study, we aimed to understand the difference in utilization of green production areas and suburban agricultural land by the characteristics of local governments.

In recent years, In Green infrastructure (GI) technology has been studied as a new flood control measure. This technology utilizes the rainwater infiltration function of the natural environment to prevent the damage caused by floods. However, much is not known about where and how much GI should be placed for it to be effective. Therefore, to effectively utilize the functions of GI, it is necessary to study its effective implementation based on quantitative evidence. Therefore, this study clarifies the effective placement and the quantity of GI in the central area of Kure City in Hiroshima Prefecture. After analyzing the results, it was found that 30% of GI introduction in the northern and the eastern areas of Kure City Hall and Renga Street, would reduce flood damage. These areas were particularly damaged during the heavy rain event of July 2018.

With the increase in foreign visitors to Japan in recent years, the number of Short-Term Rentals (STRs) has grown rapidly in Osaka City. However, STRs is now facing an unprecedented crisis of under the pandemic of COVID-19. This study considered the advantages and challenges of STRs based on a survey of their rapidly changing location trends and a survey of residents' consciousness toward STRs. As a result, the number of STRs is increasing rapidly, especially in densely populated areas ofresidential district including Chuo, Naniwa and Nishinari Wards. On the other hand, several negative opinions have also heard for the hearing survey of residents of Chuo and Nishinari Wards. This study argues that COVID-19 can be an important turning point for the coexistence between STRs and existing residents.

This study investigated thermal environment and pedestrian volume in the walkable area around Fukuyama Station by field survey. Several route scenarios from Fukuyama Station to Central Park were also created, and these are compared and evaluated from the perspective of thermal comfort using numerical calculations. A model to improve thermal environment were created in addition and effect of introduction are evaluated. As results, the lower temperatures were observed in the shadows of buildings, awnings, arcades, and trees, which blocked the sun. MRT also decreased in shaded spaces as well as air temperature, and thermal comfort was higher on routes that passed through many shaded spaces of mid- and high-rise buildings. Awnings were more effective to improve thermal environment in this study, and we proposed a city model using ones and in accordance with the actual conditions of use.

This research is grasp the actual situation of Wi-Fi connection in the field, how easy it is to actually connect in the disaster prevention park in the 23 wards of Tokyo. The purpose is to consider the Wi-Fi connection status and the ideal installation location in the disaster prevention parks in the event of a disaster. From this research, it is considered that the current disaster prevention park may not be able to be used smoothly in the event of a disaster due to the insufficient number of Wi-Fi installed and the problem of the installation location. In addition, in order to eliminate the difficulty of connecting to Wi-Fi, it is important to install it in a spatially open place near the evacuation meeting place in the park.

"New farmers ", those who were not born into farming families but are new to the farming industry, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. They do not have farmland, funds, cultivation techniques, or connections to the community. Therefore, it is very difficult for them to start farming. We conducted an interview survey of new farmers in Town A, Iwate Prefecture, to clarify the process by how they started farming and to understand the reasons why they started farming. We also propose the current status and issues of support provided by the government when they start farming.

This paper focuses on the national marine plans and the minimum distance to shore of offshore wind farm in the world. The shortest distances to shore were founded in the case of demonstration and offshore industrial area or polder in the first phase of many States. <br />The distances to shore were regulated by the national marine plan and the environmental assessment. Western countries and China regulated the distance to shore from 10km to 22.2km but other Asian countries including Japan looks loose to protect the seascape. The trial to the seascape preservation emerged in the distance of maximum 16.5km. This paper concludes the needs of national marine plan and landscape assessment based on distance to shore in Japan.

This paper attempts to clarify spatial transition of the passage spaces of station buildings after the designation of the Urgent Redevelopment Areas in the center of Tokyo in 2012 by analyzing of changes of the spatial construction and those continuity. Initially, the spatial construction of the constituent space with its collateral spaces and the pattern of spatial continuity of passage spaces are analyzed individually. Secondary, spatial transitions of those two aspects are analyzed by comparing the tendencies between 2012 and 2020. Finally, a characteristic of increasingly complex spatial transition of the collateral composition of passage spaces and a difficulty appearing those continuity in the Urgent Redevelopment Area until 2020 were isolated by deploying the above-mentioned data.

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship operation of preservation and utilization related to historical villages and the characteristics of retail shops for tourist through a case study of Tsumago-juku, Narai-juku, and Unno-juku in Nagano prefecture. Changes in retail shops were observed along with preservation policies and efforts of utilization for historical village. The results are as following; 1) the method and the scale of utilization depend on the intensity of preservation; 2) Preservation policies in historical villages have influenced transition of retail shops. In order to sustainably operate historic villages as tourist destination, it is necessary not only to preserve them but also to establish a flexible system to utilize historic resources.

In this study, it is necessary to take measures to prevent dismantling by publicization by investigating the actual situation of ownership transfer and operation right transfer in historic buildings in the coastal area of Kanagawa and considering the future development potential of each transfer method. In response to the increasing trend in the number of transfer of ownership, the shortage of buyers by private individuals is becoming apparent. It is required to take measures. However, it is difficult for each local government to spend on the administration for public ownership, and even after the transfer by accepting donations, the conservation and utilization in the public sector will lead to tight financial and human resources, so the utilization by the private sector is required. Therefore, for Kamakura City, which has built a relocation destination introduction system with many cases of publicization, we will consider the actual situation of utilization after publicization together with the actual situation of system operation, and it was shown that the issues for utilization after public ownership are permission for change of use and consensus building with local residents.

Recently, Japan has entered an era of declining population, and the amount of underused land within cities has been increasing due to declining demand for construction and building renewal. As a result, urban problems, such as a decline in urban functions and attractiveness, have arisen; thus, an effective utilization of the underused land is required in the field of urban planning. Under these circumstances, tentative land use, in which land is used for a certain period, is an attractive measure to deal with the underused land. While there are many examples of interim use of underused land, a few studies have quantitatively analyzed its effects on towns. Therefore, in this study, we aim to analyze the effect of tentative land use on the value and the attractiveness of towns from the perspective of land prices. The results reveal that tentative land use in local cities has a positive impact on land prices.

This study aims at revealing the restoration and landscaping contents based on the system construction for accumulation and inheritance of technical knowledges about the characteristics of traditional buildings. The system constructed for accumulation and inheritance of technical knowledges considering the characteristics of traditional buildings has been utilized in the Seki-Juku Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings since 1980. As a result, various efforts have an effect on the on-site implementation of restoration and landscaping of traditional buildings, which contribute to the formation of distinctive landscape in Seki-Juku reflecting its characteristics of traditional buildings.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered growing interest in "living areas where people can complete their lives around their homes," centering on the 15-minute city of Paris, France. This study is the first to examine details of realization of 15-min cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Results revealed that, whereas the percentage of people who live within 15 min on foot or by bicycle, without relying on a car, is high in areas near Tokyo, the percentage is lower in distant areas. Results also indicate that only some urban functions induction-encouraged areas served as cores by providing daily services within 15 min on foot or by bicycle. The functionality was particularly low for areas without train stations.

When an evacuation order is issued, local residents head to the evacuation center all at once, causing traffic congestion. Traffic congestion during floods not only delays escape, but also induces traffic accidents and obstructs the passage of emergency vehicles.<br />In this study, we analyzed the evacuation behavior assumed in Obuse-cho using the simulation software "Vissim".<br />As a result, it became clear that there is an area that takes about 90 minutes to leave the assumed inundation area, including the evacuation preparation time.<br />In the 2019 Typhoon No. 19 disaster, a part of the area was flooded about 90 minutes after the evacuation order was issued, so there is a possibility of danger if similar evacuation actions are taken.<br />In the future, we will consider appropriate evacuation behavior in Obuse Town by changing the evacuation time for each district.

In Japan, 53 local governments are implementing projects in line with the “Walkable Promotion Program” established by the Japanese government as the need to create new value and solve regional issues grows for workforce diversification. In this report, we surveyed these municipalities to identify examples of how they utilize the program. As a result, it became clear that each municipality has established walkable zones based on previously formulated plans and projects and measures to establish walkable zones within walking distance of each other.

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been encouraged in the world to realize a carbon-neutral society. However, since Japan relies on thermal power generation, only encouraging EVs cannot reduce environmental loads. This research presupposes that EVs are widespread completely, and aims at quantitatively evaluating environmental loads in the traffic environment, encouraging sharing services, and reviewing the power supply composition ratio which deals with EV problems while considering the entire life cycle. Specifically, this research runs traffic simulation while changing the percentage of ride-sharing users, and calculates the environmental loads while changing the power supply composition ratio percentage. Consequently, the traffic environment combining EVs and ride-sharing is the most suitable to achieve the target for reducing CO2 emissions by 2030 in Japan.

In this study, we propose a method to optimally design a pedestrian street network explicitly considering the influence on the vehicular congestion. First, based on a multimodal network that integrates vehicular and pedestrian networks, an traffic equilibrium assignment model is developed. Based on the traffic flow prediction by the multimodal equilibrium assignment model, we formulate a bi-level optimization problem that determines which combination of streets should be pedestrianized. This bi-level network design problem is applied to the city center network of Kawagoe City, where the complexity of vehicular and pedestrian flows is observed and considered problematic in the main tourist street. Our model finds the optimal patterns of the pedestrian street network to achieve different policy objectives.

In this paper, we aim to show the activities and effects of Furniture attached to the public structure in the middle width street for pedestrian priority in the Shopping Area. Based on the issues, we will show our findings as a method for daily social experiments on medium-width streets. The results are as follows. (1) From the social experiment, the increase in optional activities, the increase in sitting positions by women, and the increase in staying time were observed. (2) As an effect of the furniture attached to the work, it became clear that it helped a short use and a long use, and a chain activity in which one person carries out multiple activities. (3) Based on the results from now on, we were able to obtain knowledge about daily social experiments mediated by attached furniture.

In this study, in order to clarify how the promotion of compact city planning and public transportation-centered city planning affects health promotion, we collected the data of the "Transportation and Health Monitoring Survey" in Toyama, analyzed the relationships between transportation use, number of steps, and health, and revealed the structure of their influence on health indices. The results of the relationship analysis showed that there were significant correlations, but they suggested that lifestyle factors also affect health indices. Furthermore, the analysis of the structure of the influence of transportation behavior, number of steps, and lifestyle on health indices showed that, although there were some differences between male and female, the structure that walking time and time spent using public transportation influenced number of steps and that the increased number of steps significantly influenced basic health indices was confirmed in common for both male and female.

In recent years, social networking services (SNS) have become remarkably popular, and SNS are used by people of all ages. One of the characteristics of SNS is the high effectiveness of word of mouth, and the influence of word of mouth has a significant impact on people's behavior. Companies are also promoting marketing through SNS, and SNS has a significant impact on people's consumption and thus excursion behavior. Therefore, this study has examined the relationship between excursion behavior and SNS use in the central city area, considering personal attributes and accompanying circumstances. The results show that the use of SNS, especially the dissemination of information, changes the visit from a wandering visit with no destination in mind to a purposeful visit with a destination in mind. They also show that people tend to spend more time and money there.

Recently, food delivery services have been attracting attention. This study examines the feasibility of continuing food delivery services using taxis, based on a case study in Aizuwakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture. Restaurants welcomed the reduction in the burden of food delivery by not having to make deliveries at their own restaurants, but complained about the difficulty of dispatching taxis at night, when the number of taxis is decreasing. On the other hand, taxi companies may perceive the service as unprofitable due to the waiting time after the restaurant arrives and the time required to send money to the user and the restaurant. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the delivery fee that taxi companies could continue to participate in food delivery and the amount users were willing to pay.

Local cities in Japan are facing the challenges of a declining population due to a falling birthrate and aging population, and the accompanying increase in the burden of infrastructure maintenance costs and reduction in public transportation. To efficiently promote the “Compact plus Network” policy, it is desirable to encourage residents to voluntarily reside in the centralized areas through urban policies such as improved public transportation services and subsidies, but it is still unclear how urban policies affect population aggregation. Therefore, this study uses an applied urban economic model to predict future population distribution for urban policy scenarios centered on the introduction of LRT. Based on the triple bottom line, we aim to quantify the impact of urban policies on cities.

This paper analyzes the efficiency of a MaaS system with capacity constraints, focusing on different payment schemes. In a capacitated network, the subscription MaaS is considered to bias demand because users are determined on a first-come-first-serve(FCFS) basis. In contrast, the route reservation MaaS can solve this problem by giving permits of mobility use before users start their trips and moreover can improve its efficiency with dynamic pricing. In this study, as a new framework for analyzing efficiency of these different payment schemes, we proposed a simulation for each type of MaaS based on a recursive logit model in a multimodal time-space network. The case study showed that the subscription MaaS with capacity constraints was inefficient and biased user satisfaction, compared to the route reservation MaaS.

We aim to model the long-term evacuation process as a recursive path choice problem under uncertainty and establish a framework for modifying the reconstruction policy by optimizing the Spatio-temporal allocation of assistance policies by dynamic Network Design Problem. We also attempt to reduce estimation bias by modeling the interaction of local communities during the recovery period as the expected number of people at the next time step (externality term) and estimating it endogenously through structural estimation. The empirical analysis shows a positive externality during the reconstruction process, suggesting that out-migration promotes further out-migration and the usefulness of collective relocation projects. We formulate a network design problem to optimize rent subsidies on a Spatio-temporal network, and case studies confirmed its usability and importance in revising recovery plans.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of residents' participation in AIR management and other community development activities by focusing on art activities conducted during the artist-in-residence (AIR) period outside of the artist's residency period, which has not been paid much attention in the past. The study revealed the following three points: 1) AIRs where artists stay for less than six months do not place much importance on resident-participatory art activities; 2) changes in the management structure and activity policies affect the programs offered to residents, which in turn affects their involvement; 3) AIR involvement is a trigger for involvement in other community development activities. 3) Cases of participation in community development activities other than AIR were identified as a result of involvement in AIR. Based on the above, the potential significance of AIR is discussed for the future promotion of AIR.

In this study, a questionnaire survey on activity characteristics, Actual condition of evaluation , and evaluation awareness was conducted among municipalities involved in art projects as a basic research for the development of evaluation methods in art projects. A simple tabulation of the survey results revealed that the overall tendency of the local governments was that there was a gap between their awareness of the need for evaluation and the extent to which evaluation was actually conducted, and that they felt that the current evaluation was insufficient. In addition, we categorized the municipalities into three types (cross-sectional evaluation, activity improvement evaluation, and social/economic evaluation) using the viewpoints necessary for evaluation, and clarified the challenges and prospects for each type of evaluation through comparative analysis among the three types. Furthermore, a cross-sectional analysis suggested that the purpose of activities and the nature of the department in charge have an impact on the evaluation perspective of local governments, and The study also suggested that one of the challenges in evaluating art projects is the inability to adequately measure the impact of collaboration and the creation of local attractions.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual conditions of community interaction in a high-rise apartment cluster district and the role of community SNS in community interaction through a survey of actual living conditions and the use of community SNS in the high-rise apartment cluster district. The study also examines the challenges and potential uses of local SNS to promote regional exchange in high-rise apartment clusters. Specifically, we took up PIAZZA, a local SNS used in the high-rise apartment cluster area in Tokyo, and conducted a web-based questionnaire survey of its users. The results showed that 1) PIAZZA users go out frequently regardless of their attributes, but the degree of community interaction differs from person to person, and 2) PIAZZA in the area has a strong character as a place for mothers raising children to exchange information online, and its effect on actual interaction among residents is limited.

The paper focuses on the "machimin" project conducted by WaCreation Inc. in Nagareyama City, Chiba Prefecture. "machimin" develops a community development business aimed at individual self-actualization. The study aims to examine the process of training, a distinctive human development method, to understand the overall picture of the project. In the conclusion of this study, the expansion of a grown individual's activities into the community improves the business's visibility. It will also allow local involvement and expansion into the community while attracting new staff and businesses to collaborate. Individuals can obtain multifaceted opinions when a community space takes an approach that simultaneously considers personal growth and local utilization. The public nature of individual activities is also enhanced, making it possible to realize solutions to cross-sectoral issues.

The research aim to discuss about system of co-creation business by the locals and company from outside. First of all, overview co-creation proposal at Setoda Town. Secondly clarify evaluation toward co-creation from opinion of outside company and local residents. From the research, local government and the management company had function of “filter”,” hub”, and “buffer” in co-creation. Local government and a management company need to work parallel each other and communicate densely as coordinators. In future, local government is expected to support by offering the resources for co-creation environment. And also management company and enough time to prepare will be essential.

This study empirically examined the effects of a community involvement program at a junior high school, Kaita School in Iizuka, Fukuoka, on students’ attachment and willingness to contribute to the community. As a result of the questionnaire survey to the students, it was confirmed that students’ attachment to Kaita area increases the willingness to participate in Kaita’s festivals, and the willingness to contribute to other local communities. It was also confirmed that the willingness to participate in Kaita’s festivals will increase the willingness to contribute to other local communities. However, this study also verified that a community involvement program decreased the willingness to participate in Kaita’s festivals, which revealed that the community involvement program did not always have a positive effect to foster the willingness to contribute to other local communities.

This study focuses on an aging single-family neighborhood in a suburb of Fukuoka City. The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that affect the actual situation of building renewal and the likelihood of building renewal due to differences in housing supply methods. We found that building renewal is more likely to occur in neighborhoods built by a method in which only the land is sold (a) than in a method in which detached houses and land are sold at the same time (b). In addition, it was found that (1) the flexibility to change the lot size, (2) the location on a corner lot, and (3) the small difference in elevation from the front street had a particular impact on the likelihood of renewal. In type (b) Neighborhoods, residential rental is more likely to occur. In (a) type neighborhoods, the timing of housing construction is more diverse, and site division often occurs during rebuilding.

This study aimed to clarify the effect of parents and children living in proximity on the intention to inherit parental family residence located in suburban residential districts in metropolitan areas. A questionnaire survey of children living in proximity revealed the following results. Although most of the respondents lived in proximity to increase opportunities for interaction with parents, this did not have a strong influence on the enhancement of the intention to inherit the parental family residence. Furthermore, economic factors and the convenience of medical facilities influenced the development of the intention to succeed parental family residence. However, "already owning a house," which was regarded as a negative factor in previous studies, had less influence than the convenience of medical and educational facilities and the barrier-free performance of the house.

Planned detached housing estates in the 1970s have seen an increase in vacant houses, resulting in the deterioration of the living environment due to the aging population and changing lifestyles. This paper examines the feasibility of space sharing to utilize vacant space in residential areas in planned detached housing estates. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted on the willingness to use space sharing in detached housing estates from the standpoints of users, providers, and neighborhood residents. Interviews were also conducted with business operators regarding the introduction of parking services. The results show that the intention to use parking space sharing services in detached housing estates is high. According to the operators, many residents' concerns could be addressed within the existing services. Therefore, there is potential for the development of parking space sharing in detached housing estates.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the development trend of super high-rise apartments by the relaxation of the floor area ratio in Tokyo 23 wards, the influence of the high-rise housing on the residential area in the city center, and the designation of height control zone. As a result, it became clear that 1) the construction of super high-rise apartments increased in the center core area in the 2000s, 2) the supply of super high-rise apartments contributed to the recovery of the population in the central part of Tokyo, and 3) the local governments with more super high-rise apartment, where the difference in the designated floor area ratio is larger than that of the surrounding area, tended to designated height control zone to conserve the dwelling environment.

Focusing on the area designated including Estimated Flood Area with House Collapse in Residential Promotion Area, this study aims to evaluate it with 4 indicators (low-rise residential household ratio, population ratio over 75 years old, evacuation effective area and agricultural land ratio) and to consider measures in those areas. As a result of the evaluation of the four indicators, there are areas with a high proportion of low-rise residential households and a high proportion of the population aged 75 and over, and areas outside the effective evacuation zone, and there are areas with a high risk of flooding. For those areas, we grasp the countermeasure policy of flood flow by interview. In addition, no measures were taken with flooding in mind in all cities. No target cities associated river structure improvement with urban policy, and building structure restrictions and evacuation measures were issue in target cities.

In this study, we focus on the designated area including the inundation area in the Residential Promotion Area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate on the two axes of urban area evaluation (population density, public transportation convenience, infrastructure development, urban function and Urban Facility Promotion Area) and inundation risk (Inundation Assumption Area and inundation record), and to give suggestions for the future of the Residential Promotion Area. As a result of the two-axis evaluation, there are many areas with high urban evaluation in cities where the Residential Promotion Area is limited in terms of overlap with flood risk. On the other hand, in cities that are not limited, there are many districts with low urban ratings. In addition, we learn about flood control measures and policies in those areas.

This study considers that flood risk countermeasures require two points: control in the location optimization plan and specific flood damage countermeasures in the local government, and plans are formulated for local governments that establish location optimization plans in the Kinki region. At that time, we will clarify what kind of opinions were obtained from the citizens and other departments in the agency and how we tried to reach consensus, the main factors including the inundation area in the residential guidance area, and the disaster countermeasures. The purpose is to obtain knowledge that will help local governments to think about flood damage countermeasures together with stakeholders in order to make the city more compact in the future.

The purpose of this paper is clarified the recognition of issues and measures in areas where renewable energy facilities are installed by local governments. The study targets basic municipalities in Japan that have enacted renewable energy ordinances. The results of the survey revealed the following. 1)For issues related to the relationship between developers and residents, it is important to build consensus with discussing of local values. 2)Development problems are occurring on unmanaged land, and it is needed to consider this issue with the measure of conservation and management of mountains and farmland. 3)There are issues related to residents' awareness of renewable energy, and measures for energy transformation from a broader perspective are needed. 4)If the problem becomes more pronounced, it will be difficult to deal with it. A plan for the energy transformation in the region needs to be discussed as soon as possible.

This study examined the potential trends of land and location of low-priced sales properties in Iwate Prefecture. This study compared the two groups of properties by classifying them into low value sales and other properties, and examined the trends of low-priced sales properties by identifying the attributes of sellers and buyers. Consequently, following findings were obtained. First, low-priced sales properties were less favorable in all aspects of land and location compared to other properties. Second, we observed a large number of transfers of ownership from individual to corporations and public entities for low-priced sales properties (23.5% and 22.5%, respectively). Third, sellers and buyers within the same municipality accounted for the majority of low-priced properties sold, at 53.5% of the total.

This study examines the achievements and issues of dealing with lands with unidentified owners through collaboration between an administrative scrivener and a social enterprise. Through a case study of the "Midori Fukushi Kai" established by an administrative scrivener and a social enterprise of the "Cares" in Tagami town, Niigata Prefecture, I clarified the process of business development related to dealing with lands with unidentified owners and identified the roles of each entity. The administrative scrivener played a part in legal and physical management, while the social enterprise played a role in overall physical management and utilization, thereby contributing to preventing and solving the problem of land with unidentified owners. It indicated that an organizational entity in which an administrative scrivener and a social enterprise collaborate would be one of the leading entities that comprehensively take charge of addressing the issue of lands with unidentified owners.

In Yuzawa Town, Niigata Prefecture, as many as 58 resort condominiums were built at the bubble economy. In recent years, some people have settled in resort condominiums. In this study, we identify issues associated with settlement of resort condominiums and examine measures that are necessary to promote the utilization of resort condominiums. As a result, we clarified that (1) Many of the permanent residents are elderly single or married couples from out of Yuzawa　town, (2) there is a high level of satisfaction with living in resort condominiums, and (3) owners excluding permanent residents are positive about the increase in permanent residents. the issues associated with settlement include problems with the elderly, lack of parking space, and the existence of properties that are not suitable for settlement.

In Japan, the term “homeless” is officially defined as people sleeping rough, and wider homelessness such as people living in temporary accommodation are not recognised in statutory systems. “Tokyo Umbrella Fund”, a private initiative to collect donations from citizens and fund non-profit activities to secure emergency accommodation for various groups of people, has for the first time established a framework to respond to homelessness as a whole without dividing the population according to their demographics. By examining non-profits’ activities under the Fund, this study has verified that homelessness affects people from different age groups, gender, nationality and family structure in Tokyo. It seems that statutory systems tend to fail to address people’s urgent or short-term needs for accommodation. The study also argues that a framework to respond to homelessness as a whole avoids ‘who deserves’ attitudes and promotes a society that accepts and responds to anyone who is in need.

This study aims to understand the impact of changes in the living environment of people with disabilities affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The research analyzed support records for 89 cases and focused on their background, support needs, and response methods. The results are as follows. First, support needs for persons with disabilities were classified into five main categories: "housing," "bathing," "movement," "life-related," and "welfare-related." Second, response methods are divided into five categories, and were implemented depending on each situation. Third, considering that coordination is indispensable for the requirements of the living environment, it is important to get knowledge about the impact of changes in the living environment during disaster recovery.

This study examined the process of enactment of the Shiku-Kaisei Urban Improvement of Taipei under Japanese rule. The Shiku-Kaisei Urban Improvement of Taipei was systematized in the form of first formulating the Urban Improvement Plans and then implementing the construction in accordance with the plan. This was a systematization of urban development based on William kinninmond Burton's opinion. The systematization started with the 3rd Plan, when the Urban Improvement Plan was institutionalized, and was completed with the 5th Plan. This study concluded that it is appropriate to view the 2nd Plan through the 5th Plan as a process of systematization of the Shiku-Kaisei Urban Improvement of Taipei.

This study clarifies the land ownership patterns and housing construction in Yamate-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, a former foreign settlement, during the Grate Kanto earthquake reconstruction period. At the time of the earthquake, land ownership and perpetual lease existed. During the reconstruction period, a part of the perpetual leasehold became city-owned land, and a part of it was resold to the private sector. On the other hand, some lands were sold as perpetual leases, while others were extinguished and became property rights. During the earthquake reconstruction period, many foreign residences were built in about half of the residential areas in Yamate-cho, regardless of the type of land ownership or who owned the land. Yamate-cho has once again been restored as a town where foreigners live.

This study revealed the actual situation of urbanization in 63 castle sites in Tokyo. We focus on land use and residual status of “boundaries” and “Internal structure” in castle sites. <br />In “boundaries”, we analyzed the relationship of them with the outer circumference of castle and the surrounding urban area. We investigated the components of boundaries from land use and location of castle sites, and clarified the change and residual status of the components for each era.<br />In “internal structure”, we analyzed the relationship between structures such as moats, bailey, and passages and internal land use. In this study, we picked up two cases, and clarified land use trends from the viewpoint of city planning and land ownership.

This study reveals the relationship between the transformation of “Sotobori space”(the vicinity space of outer moats) and the formation of urban areas in Japanese castle towns. In many cities, outer moats have been landfilled and turned into urban areas since the Meiji era, but there are still remnants of them in some places. In Mito city, even though Sotobori space played important roles as the site of the 1887 urban improvement, some portions of it remains. This study describes in detail the history of the moat reclamation in the urban improvement and how the Sotobori space has changed to the present day and what role the space played in the modernization of the city.

A literature survey was conducted on the discourse of the period from the Taisho era to the prewar Showa era, when Japanese sports facilities began to be developed, with the aim of clarifying the composition of the Playground issues that arose during that period, including how the issues arose and how they were considered to be resolved. The playground issues were the question of whether to establish a park as a place for passive recreation or a playground as a place for active recreation on free space in the city. The officials and experts in parks and green spaces sought to solve these issues by presenting a new concept of "sports parks" as places where athletic competitions could be held, with the park as the main focus, and sports facilities were developed around sports parks. As a result, the recreation movement in Japan developed differently than in the U.S. or Germany, and continues to influence the current Japanese sports environment.

German Federal Government had enacted "Stadtumbau Ost Program" from 2002 to 2016 to combat issues that were associated with population shrinking in former East German cities. The program had several measures in its menu. This study focuses on one of these measures, dismantling of prefabricated housing, to understand how local government prepared the plan for shrinking, which was required to get the program's fund, and how the plan was actually implemented. The study surveyed all the dismantling building inventories in Sachesndorf-Madlow in Cottbus. The study found that there were some disparities between the plan and its implication. The disparities were mainly due to the difference of behavior of housing companies regarding obediency to the plan. The result of the study implies that the shrinking plan of Cottbus was lucid, however, actual shrinking plan needs more detailed planning with collaboration with stakeholders, i.e. housing companies.

This study compared changes over time in public contributions in special urban revitalization districts between Tokyo and other municipalities. We also investigated the differences between the planning stage and the actual status of public contributions and found that there were differences. The study pointed out that there were institutional issues as the reason for these differences, and pointed out the need to improve the system to increase fairness and transparency.