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Considering of the Commercial Function Around the Station
Takashi Kitayama, Yasuhiro Yamada, Kazuhiko Kawashima, Katsue Kojima, ...
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
1-6
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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On Shanghai,China redevelopment is done on scale that cannot be found the past. In recent years, the focus of urban development in process of metro improvement shift to the focus of station from the focus of street by degrees. Redevelopment around the station is uniformity everywhere owing to take top priority economic development and returning investment. This situation haven't sustainable possibilities of the commercial city. So we indicate the focus of urban development shift to the focus of station from the focus of street. After that considering of the commercial function, we intend to clear the area is already done development of actual condition and abstract occurring the point at issue and problems.
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Analyzing conditions of studio and housing which artists demand for their practice and production
nobuko Ueno, Fumihiko Seta
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
7-12
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This article aims to study conditions of studio and housing which artists demand for their practice and production and based on this, to analyze policies that attract artists. From the analyses, we found the following tendencies. 1) Affordable rental fee for both studios and houses, and their easy traffic access are both preferred for all kinds of genres. 2) The demand on the studio varies depending on the type of arts. 3) Urban and cultural atmosphere were both preferred for housing. Based upon these results, we compared the policies of four major cities (Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe) that aim to attract artists to their areas and found there are no links between the foothold and residential area of those artists, and consequently holistic policies are lacking.
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Yuhua Ding, Akio Kondo, Kojiro Murakami, Masakazu Ohnishi, Kojiro Wata ...
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
13-18
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In recent years, Japan's population has continually decreased and grown older. It is widely believed that centralized urban housing will play a vital role in the future design of cities. With the needs of elderly citizens in mind, this research focused on the creation of a walkable urban environment taking into account the distance people are satisfied traveling to and from urban facilities. Focusing on the distance traveled to these facilities from the perspective of residents, a functional evaluative model for residential areas was successfully created, and key indicators for the evaluation of residential environments identified. This functional evaluative model was then applied to regional areas, and the present state of the overall residential environment was evaluated. This research finds that residential districts located closer to downtown areas rate more highly than those placed farther away.
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Noriyasu Kachi, Hirokazu Kato, Yoshitsugu Hayashi
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
19-24
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to develop a system for quantitatively evaluating the quality of residential environment in terms of a quality of life indicator. This system consists of two models. One is for extracting quantitative indices for residential environmental elements from the general spatial data such as digital house maps, satellite images, etc.. The other is for deciding the structure to evaluate residential environmental elements in terms of quality of life. The application of this system to a actual city shows that the quality of artificial environment is higher in the central area and that of natural environment is higher in the suburban area. The individual perception of residential environment is different among the residents with different life styles.
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Hiroki Takematsu, Tsutomu Suzuki, Eiichi Itoigawa
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
25-30
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evacuation vulnerability quantitatively considering the risk of fire in large earthquake. First, we define three indices which assess the vulnerability: unattainability to evacuation site, expected evacuation distance, and refugee density. Second, we construct a network model on which we assume refugees evacuate toward evacuation sites avoiding fire, based on the calculation of the probability of fire on each node. Third, we consider the pattern where fire could occur by using Monte Carlo Simulation, and evaluate the evacuation vulnerability in Tokyo ward area. We found out that the risk of fire makes evacuation distance longer, especially in areas with higher probability of fire or inadequate assignment, and that change in destination or route to evacuation site results in decrease of unattainability or expected evacuation distance.
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Satoshi Horiuchi, Makoto Okumura, Makoto Tsukai
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
31-36
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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When we find that residential location patterns are very strongly different among generations, most accessible location pattern of local public facilities for one generation does not assure good accessibility to other generations. This paper tries to discuss the inter-generation difference of the most accessible facility locations by solving p-Median problem for years from 1980 to 2000, based on the Population Census Data aggregated in regional meshes. When the number of located facilities are as small as two, or as many as the number of the candidate locations, no difference is found over the optimal locations. But when the number is in middle, the optimal locations have inter-generational differences, which might result in conflicts concerning on the public facility planning.
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A case study of five elementary schools in Kobe city
Mamoru Amemiya, Tomonori Saitoh, Takahito Simada, Yutaka Harada
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
37-42
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, the necessity of community and urban planning aiming at crime prevention of children is increasing rapidly. However, there are few empirical evidences that are used as the basis of concrete measures for child safety. This study aimed to identify actual conditions of living activities and crime victimizations of children through questionnaire survey that had been conducted in Kobe city, Hyogo prefecture. As a result of investigation for 2396 children and 1875 parents, the followings were indentified. a) Children were walking alone about a quarter of distances of children's whole walk actions, and they tended to walk in specific hours and areas. b) Crime victimizations of children were concentrated on the specific hours and areas. c) The hours and areas were not always covered by existing programs for child safety. These results suggested that it is necessary to consider characteristics of child activities in order to improve child safety effectively.
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Tadashi Nagaie, Kazunori Hokao, Takuro Inohae
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
43-48
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to analyze crime prevention performance for the urban space based on Space Syntax theory focusing on Surveillance and Territoriality of CPTED, as well as to analyze the relation between Integration value in Space syntax theory and the occurrence of opportunity crime, the police's perceived risk of crime. We made a database of the occurrence of crime and the police's perceived risk of crime after we carried out two questionnaires to the residents and the police officers. The following results were obtained: 1) We made it possible to observe potential level of Surveillance and the Territoriality by making the axial map. 2) The integration value is related to occurrence of crime and the police's perceived risk of crime.
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In the case of Shibuya station
Jumpei Ueno, Tatsuya Kishimoto
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
49-54
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In recent years, the railway stations have been rebuilt into buildings complex with deep underground and high-rise by the redevelopment projects. These projects raise the attractiveness of stations and increase the numbers of users, but on the other hand, its complexity makes it hard for the users to get to their destinations. The purpose of this paper is to understand how pedestrians chose their route in such a large multilevel complex. This analysis was applied on Shibuya station, Tokyo, Japan. The pedestrian movements were measured, the spatial configuration was analyzed on Space Syntax theory, and from the results, an integrated model which includes isovist properties and some other variables was developed. As a result, it became clear that the choice of routes is influenced by one's visual range and the number of turns in addition to the shortest distance.
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Yuzo Masuya, Masaru Fujii, Mitsuhiro Shitamura, Tohru Tamura
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
55-60
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Traffic generated from residential land uses and traffic attracted to employment zones contributes the most to person kilometers of travel. The journey-to-work travel depends on the city structure, such as population size, shape or land-use pattern (spatial distribution of residential and employment zones). The fundamental importance of the average length of commuting trips as a measure of sustainability is widely recognized by researchers. Relationship between the spatial distribution of residential and employment zones and journey-to-work trip length is investigated based on the three different spatial distribution indexes of homes and work places. These indexes are tested with data for Sapporo, Asahikawa, Hakodate, Kushiro and Murora in Hokkaido
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Analysis and Population Projection of Small Area-Data of Yamagata-city
Hiroshi Kotoh
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
61-66
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper shows a new method of population projection by two observation-years population data with many small districts. We apply the cohort component method to our model. And, the applied result of the method to the data of local city (Yamagata-shi) is discussed. Three problems for population forecast in small district are discussed. As a result of analysis of data, the model of this paper divides districts into four kinds of quasi sub-districts. Also, our model has two kinds of parameters, one is regional common parameter and the other is individual parameter in each district. Finally, we project and analyze population of 2005 using 1995 and 2000 data.
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Fuminori Saito, Tetsuharu Oba, Dai Nakagawa
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
67-72
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, small-scale parking lots remarkably have increased in most of city centers, although the profit of parking lot is generally smaller than that of commercial land use. This kind of phenomenon can not be explained by a normal economic land use theory which base on the rule of simple profitability competition. Then, in this study the relation between a commercial location and the parking lot location in a city center is modeled in consideration of the influence of the uncertainty in the economic condition.
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Akihiro Teraki
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
73-78
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Position error causes serious problems, especially in case of overlaying. It might be fatal when someone wants to make a judgement. This paper deals with effects of positional errors. Relationship between a point and a borderline defined by both end points is examined. First of all, a probability model describes topological relations is introduced. Then a method to estimate probabilities of topological error between a point and a boderline is proposed. A case study representing a judgement is done. The results show that when a point goes near the end point of the borderline, a probability of topological error will increase.
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Toshinobu Oku
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
79-84
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Given two or more points; called as generators, we associate all locations in space with the closest point of them. Space is divided into the area which belongs to a generator as the result. So to speak, it can be said also as the territory figure of a generator. There are the following three kinds of Voronoi diagrams by a generator fundamentally, and a different method suitable for each is used. The purpose of this research is to create three kinds of Voronoi diagrams by the same technique above. The fundamental idea is as follows.1)Space consists of set of the cells divided by the square grid.2)To represent the position of a cell with the random position inside a cell. By the above method, a Voronoi diagram is actually created using a computer.
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Kotaro Imai, Akira Fujii
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
85-90
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper shows an approximate solution to restricted Weber problems with Weighted Regions. By measuring the shortest-path distances of a random Delaunay Network, we provide the method to convert Weber problems under complex situations into simple and practical problems of shortest-path finding on weighted networks. And, we verify that the weighted shortest-path of a Delaunay network approximately obeys both the rule of Snell's Law which describes the refraction of light and the one of Lensmaker's equation, as the exact shortest-path through weighted regions obeys theoretically. Moreover, we solved a sample Weber problem with free-shaped and weighted regions.
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Ken-ichi Tanaka
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
91-96
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In this paper, the difference of a trip length and the Euclidean distance between two endpoints of a trip is proposed as a new index for analyzing the spatial structure of transportation network. This value means the extra distance one has to travel over a network in comparison with the direct distance between two points. By examining the distribution of this value for various pairs of points within a city, efficiency of trips over a given network can be analyzed. We explicitly derive this measure using two square city models with rectangular grid network.
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Method of Analysis and Visualization
Yukio Sadahiro
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
97-102
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Spatial tessellation is one of the most important spatial structures in urban areas. It represents census tracts, postal zones, market areas, soil patterns, and so forth. Spatial tessellations in the same region are often closely related with each other. School districts are sometimes based on administrative units, while market areas of different categories of shops affect with each other. This paper proposes a method for analyzing the relationship among spatial tessellations. Similarity between tessellations is evaluated by granularity and hierarchy. Relationship among tessellations is represented by a network structure and visualized as a two-way tree. The method is applied to the analysis of two sets of spatial tessellations to reveal the properties of the method and its measures as well as empirical findings.Keywords: spatial tessellations, hierarchy, granularity
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Hisatoshi Ai, Yukio Sadahiro, Yasushi Asami
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
103-108
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Changes of use and site location of buildings are critical and basic information for urban planning, urban development regulation, and preparation plan of infrastructure. Though detailed time-series data of buildings are now available, most of the earlier studies are qualitative analysis. This paper introduces a new quantitative method for analyzing building use and location in urban area, especially in middle scale commercial districts. First, we plot the gross floor area along major streets in the target districts, where the vertical axis indicates the percentage on sum total of gross floor area and the horizontal axis indicates the distance from the core of the district. Then we calculate two indices measuring accumulation tendency of gross floor area relative to uniformly distributed case. Finally, we propose a hypothesis when the use and distribution of buildings change drastically in commercial districts in Tokyo by analyzing detailed building data for fifteen years.
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Iori Kasahara, Takashi Akamatsu
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
109-114
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to explore bifurcation patterns of equilibrium population in a core-periphery model with multiple industries in the framework of new economic geography. We extend the Forslid and Ottaviano(2003) model with a single industry to a multi industry model in which each labor chooses both cities and industries. We reveal that specialization for industry with small elasticity of substitution occurs in the largest city and specialization for industry with large elasticity of substitution occurs in the other cities.
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Takafumi Kobayashi, Mamoru Amemiya, Yoshiaki Ohsawa, Takeshi Koshizuka
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
115-120
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper is an attempt to characterize Citation of Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan in domestic journals related to urban planning. We compare the average Citation per article published in such a journal with those in Journal of Architecture and Planning, Journal of Infrastructure Planning and Management, and Landscape Research Japan. The study shows a declining pattern in the number of times the journals cited which was confirmed using the negative exponential distribution. Then we compute half-lives and density of articles which may be cited. We also described the relationships of journals related to urban planning, based on the Citation distribution of journals.
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Mamoru Taniguchi, Ryoji Matsunaka, Masahiro Hirano
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
121-126
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently there is an ongoing effort to reduce automobile dependency to decrease CO2 emission. Though "compact city" is widely used term for this purpose, its clear definition is not established. Especially, it is not clear that which effect is more significant, "increase of population density" or "functional urban layout". Firstly, this study aims to catch time series trend of automobile CO2 emission in 38 Japanese cities from 1987 to 2005 based on National Person Trip Survey. Secondly, effects of several types of "functional urban layouts" are examined by the regression model. It is clarified that automobile CO2 emission is still increasing in each city, especially in local city. "Functional urban layouts", such as the corridor urban form is recommended for less automobile CO2 emission based on statistical analysis.
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Shoshi Mizokami
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
127-132
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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We will show a micro-economic based quantitative analysis scheme to evaluate the degree of compactness of cities that takes into accounts 1) the utility theory based on transportation and composite goods consumption behavior, and 2) a consistency between the level of utility and energy consumption. Such scheme is sometimes used in microeconomic modeling for policy analysis. However, we evaluate such the spatial structure of urban form as a transportation network configuration and land use condition that can reduce the energy consumption and get cities much compact.
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Through Model Analysis of District Heating and Cooling System which contains High Efficiency Cogenerations
Masashi Suga, Takashi Onishi
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
133-138
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In this paper, evaluation methodology for cogeneration district energy system, which provides not only electricity, but also heat energy is discussed. First, evaluation scope and argument point for evaluation of cogeneration system is identified. Second, to find out how system scope and framework affect evaluation result, efficiency of virtual district energy system, which contains high electric efficiency gas engine cogeneration system, has calculated. Through this model analysis, influence of scope and framework for evaluation result has clarified so that means optimization in subsystem doesn't assure optimization of whole system. Finally, based on the model analysis results, this paper proposed hypothesis that city planning may play important role to realize energy consumption reduction with the use of district energy system, by creating development plan of district energy system.
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Maasa Kawahara, Masato Dohi, Sanae Sugita
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
139-144
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to clarify the actual conditions of the gated communities(GCs) in Metro Manila, Philippine. Interviews were conducted on the Home Owners Associations, local governments, and developers in Metro Manila. As a result, the followings were made clear. 1. GCs are categorized into 2 types by the security level and 5 types by the relationship to the main roads and neighbors. 2. Residents, developers and local governments regard the merit of GCs as safety and demerit of GCs as traffic problems. 3. The development of gated communities weaken public sphere which is composed of public space and public system.
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Redevelopment Corporation of the Old City of Barcelona (PROCIVESA) as a Case Study
Daisuke Abe
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
145-150
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper argues the role and the significance of the Redevelopment Corporation for the Old City of Barcelona (PROCIVESA). This city council-funded corporation was established in 1989, and their principal purposes were 1) to advance land expropriation in order to realize the regeneration projects proposed in the Special Plan for Urban Renewal in 1985 for three different districts for the historic center, 2) to promote rehabilitation of the existing buildings and construction of new housing in which the dislocated local inhabitants would accommodate would accommodate, and 3) revitalize the economic activities within the district. Established the well-combined partnership between different administrations and public-private partnership, the PROCIVESA could be the chief actor of the regeneration redevelopment for some 15 years, achieving a satisfactory level of urban transformation in Barcelona.
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Eiko Minoura
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
151-156
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper is the study about city planning history in China, Modern Times. In particular, this paper aims to describe the process of reconstruction of urban space and development of residential area about Suzhou, Zhonghua Minguo period. The government led to form new city by modern city planning in 1920's. The government of Suzhou did legislate new urban planning in 1927. The results are as follows. 1) They did execute the widening of existent roads, and the building of the new roads. 2) They did build new parks and new markets. 3) There were improved old canals and old houses. 4) The central area became the public space such as a park, the school. 5) The residential area was developed by individual, bank, investor and etc. This study analyzed one facet of the Chinese city planning history, modern times.
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Fukuo Akimoto
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
157-162
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Lewis Mumford attempted to establish the basic principles upon which our human environment may be renovated. He published The Culture of Cities (1938), City Development (1946), City in History (1961), and The Urban Prospect (1968). Mumford is one of the few theoreticians of the city who invented comprehensive theories of urban life that combined functional and normative theory, while he was a highly relevant critic of culture of cities, with great breadth and depth, and originality. However, due to his difficult writing style, there are only few interpretive scholarships on his ideas: his thoughts still remain untapped resources for planners. This paper examines his basic principles of city and regional planning that were established on the basis of Patrick Geddes urban ecology and Ebenezer Howards Garden City ideas
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Kosuke Matsubara
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
163-168
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Gyoji Banshoya is a Japanese planner who worked for the urban planning in the Middle East and the North Africa as lifework. After graduation from the seminar of Kiyoshi Seike, he studied under the supervision of G. Hanning and G. Candillis in ATBAT. Then he worked in Alger for the housing that permits Muslims and Christians coexist. As an expert of UNDP, he started in1962 to work in Beirut, Damascus and Aleppo with M.Ecochard. Refering to the CIAM policies, they tried to preserve the old cities by way of activation with introducing modern roads. In fact they made the masterplans of these three cities. Unfortunately, some movements against their modernist policies happened, and Banshoya retired in adversity. However, his works are still great and should be considered with detailed examination of his planning policies. This might be an introduction to the story of the Middle Eastern urban planning.
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Focusing on Historical Contexts of "Toshi-Keikaku no Houho ni tsuite (On Methods of City Planning)"
Naoto Nakajima
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
169-174
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Eika Takayama is one of the pioneers of city planning studies in Japan. However his academic achievements had never been recognized. This paper clarified the tracks of the Eika Takayama's academic approach for city planning before his famous academic article "Toshi-Keikaku no Houho ni tsuite (On methods of city planning)". He studied housing, standards of popular dwellings and neighborhood units in particular at first. Then, he started to study theories of city-scale planning by using the concept of "density" based on his experiences of housing studies, in order to develop the Tokyo remodeling plan during the war. After the war, he worked out the some methods of city planning based on combinations of "density", "arrangement" and "movement".
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Comparison Between Households Using Day Nurseries in Tama City and Utsunomiya City
Asuka Yamada, Eiji Satoh, Ryo Sanuki
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
175-180
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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We conducted a questionnaire survey of households using day nurseries in two local cities that have different city structures to study the status of having job, the role share of taking children to and from a day nursery between parents, and the awareness of simultaneous pursuit of child rearing and having job, of the households. We found that the difference of time and transportation means required for commuting and kinds of job affect said factors.
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kenji Muramatsu, Yosuke Mano
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
181-186
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In this study, firstly the author revealed the process of transition from Traditional Neighborhood Organization to Neighborhood Association (Cho-kai) in Tokyo area. Secondly the author tried to clarify the relation between the area of Neighborhood Organization and this process focusing on border, topography, village shrine and peculiar activity in three districts (Jyu-jyo, Higasimukoujima and Shikahama). The conclusion as follows;In Jyu-jyo district, the characteristic of Traditional Neighborhood Organization was lost in the Ordering Cho-kai in tokyo area. In the other districts, the borders, village shrines and peculiar activities effected not to change the Organization in spite of urbanization and the Ordering Cho-kai in Tokyo area. The relation between regional place and the process of transition of Neighborhood Organization affected the feature of present Neighborhood Association.
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Norioki Ishimaru
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
187-192
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims to study peace memorial city in the field of planning idea. Among the many ideas proposed after the war, in Hiroshima, there were the idea of peace memorial facilities and the idea of peace memorial city as a whole, however those proposes were not always appointed to carry out for the fiscal crisis and materials deficiency. Therefore the planning idea led up to the enactment of Bill for Construction of Hiroshima Eternal Peace Commemorating City which took an active part to carry out those proposes as the strong system. At the same time, this planning idea was not examined deeply but became formally influential. The above is the formation process of this planning idea.
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Based on the Analysis of the Documents of the Council of National Properties in the Former Naval Port Cities from 1950 to 1976
Yoichi Imamura
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
193-198
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of the conversion of the military grounds in Yokosuka, Kure, Sasebo, and Maizuru. I analyze the documents of the council of national properties in the former naval port cities from 1950 to 1976. It was the one of most important theme for the former naval port cities that how to use former military grounds. So, a large amount of former military grounds of total 1,784ha were converted to factories, parks, schools, water supplies, and the public housings, etc. And I can point out the following points. The conversion of former military grounds was continuously executed until 1976. The military grounds were mainly converted by private sector. Selling off was done for the private sector, and free distribution was done to the public sector. The land use after conversion often depended on the kind of military grounds.
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Tomoko Takeuchi, Mikiko Ishikawa
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
199-204
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the green space policies responding to urbanization on the fringe of Tokyo Wards Area in the 1950's and 60's. As the result of the study of 3 green space policies,the following 3points were emerged. 1)Based on the capital region plan in 1958, large parks in proposed green belt were built with government subsidies. 2)Riverside green spaces, private recreation areas and prescient forests were authorized in city plan as green open spaces. 3)In Green District, the basic policy of building restriction had been changed to control urban development and establish green spaces. Many land readjustment projects and housing development projects were carried out. Though Green District was all abolished in 1969,the areas have been controlled effectively under the city planning law.
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A case study in Sunagawa city
Eiki Suzuki
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
205-210
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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North manufacture Toatsu which was located in Hokkaido Sunagawa city (the Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. Hokkaido factory place) had developed employee's house town. We pursued its transfiguration process, and considered concerning the succession of the cultural resources of the area in city planning under population decrease. As a result, the residence facility, the sport facility and the cultural hall, the store, the medical treatment facility it could verify the transfiguration in the decrease process of population, that respectively. Several of these facilities and cultural activities being advanced through the measure of the self-governing community, was succeeded in the community which was left to area as a public resources. The facility and the functional transfiguration form which were formed in employee's house town not only disappearance, it could classify with diversification, succession and reorganization.
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Hisako Koura
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
211-216
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Landscape Act of 2004 is expected to provide practical effect to developing better landscape and 99 legal Landscape Plans were established by the end fiscal year of 2007. We classify the contents of the Landscape Plans in the early stage and conducted questionnaire survey to reveal the diversity in planning and its implementation to materialize local interests. As a result, we found that local governments have some difficulties in judgment of conformity to the restriction on design features without numerical criteria and that pre-application consultation for better design and ordinance which is supplementary to the Act are necessary for effective implementation.
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Takahiko Sato, Hirofumi Hori, Hideki Koizumi, Junichiro Okata
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
217-222
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims to analyze the effect and limit of landscape plan in the landscape Act. We classified the regulation standards of the landscape plan and the analyzed questionnaires and hearing contents for the local governments which have the landscape plan. It is concluded that Many local governments have the quantitative color standards and the design standard. On the other hand, in the review meeting, they focus on the color of the building and not so much on design. We could categorize local government into the 5types and find effective implementation depends on the each character of the local government. In the view point of legal power, We cannot use the effective height control with landscape law. So, Effective cooperation with the several planning systems is necessary to create a good landscape environment.
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Naoto Saito, Akira Soshiroda, Takashi Tsutsumi
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
223-228
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims to obtain finding to promote use of "Public Open Space" and "Effective Open Space" as lively space. Findings are as follows: 1. Through survey of "Japan-Architect" magazine, fifty two articles which contain planning concepts are found. 2. These are classified into five types. Those planning concept have been changed from Assistance of Transportation-system and Landscape-Planting to Lively Space and Creation of Image. 3. In the latter case, a trend that movable devices to achieving lively space are frequently put are revealed through firsthand observations. 4. Through behavior tracking survey, three factors to achieve lively space and two factors to fall in failure are revealed.
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An Examination of the Setting of Height Limit by the Height Control District
Ichiro Aoki
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
229-234
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Height control district is one of the zoning districts which regulate the height of the building and it affects urban landscapes as well as economic aspects. But actually the approach and the contents of the regulation vary from the cities without the abstract guideline. Accordingly the purpose of the study is to obtain the view that contributes the setting of height limit by the height control district. The author studied cost and benefit analysis using hedonic approach. The conclusion differs owing to the characteristics of the areas. It is observed that the cost tends to be larger in case of applying strict limit to the areas where not a few high rise buildings already exist, whereas the benefit tends to be larger in case of applying not so strict regulation to the areas where there're not so many high rise buildings.
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Focusing on the Estimation of Externalities by Hedonic Approach for Central Tokyo
Shingo Horiuchi, Kensuke Katayama, Takashi Ohishi
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
235-240
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect and rationality of historic preservation by transfer of development rights (TDR). First, we calculate the externalities of the five cases by a hedonic approach. As a result, it is shown that historic preservation by TDR has positive externalities in the neighborhood, while historic buildings or developments with eased Floor Area Ratio (FAR) themselves don't necessarily have significant effects. Second, we conduct qualitative analysis on these five cases, and find that there are such ripple effects as attracting more people, improving city landscape and creating character with historic ambience. As a conclusion, it is surely reasonable to realize historic preservation by TDR if they try to create these multiplied effects.
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Yuuki Kumagai, Masatake Murahashi
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
241-246
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In the metropolitan industrial accumulation area such as the eastern part of Osaka City, there is an accumulation of small or medium-scale factories with an advanced network for dealings to manufacture high-value-added products. In recent years, however, there is a tendency that the factories are closed and the sites are replaced with houses and flats in the area. Then, the disordered land use brings various problems and deteriorates both residential and industrial environments. Thus, nowadays, the land use plan to control new housing location and to maintain factories' operation is necessary. In this paper, our aim is to examine the realities of the housing location in the industrial accumulation area and to analyze the actual condition of operating land use policy. Then, finally, we propose a policy to the restriction of disordered housing location.
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Takashi Kikuchi, Dai Nakagawa, Tetsuharu Oba
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
247-252
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The construction of the interurban transportation network in Japan, which made centralized national land structure, has caused many problems, for example depopulation and decline of local city. Now, we must construct interurban transportation network in order to promote region's growth and to make decentralized national land structure. So we must analyze quantitatively the effect of interurban transportation on regions and national land structure. And frequency is an important characteristic of interurban transportation and have rarely considered. Then we try to clarify the relation between potential of interurban transportation and the region's growth with Expected Value of Generalized Costs; the index to evaluate the transportation network in consideration of frequency.
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Chiharu Mikami, Akio Kondo, Akiko Kondo, Yoshihiko Mannami
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
253-258
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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An interaction whose main purpose is sightseeing in Shikoku is analyzed in this study. An interaction index is proposed which can evaluate influence on the region of destination quantitatively in consideration of economic consumption. Economic consumption values along with the sojourn time at the destination region. An interaction model is formulated by constructing a consumer behavior model which is based on the Utility Maximization Theory. In order to develop a method to measure the degree of influence due to interaction, parameters of this model are estimated. As a result, it is clarified that interaction is influenced by travel cost, attraction of destination region and relationship between regions. In addition, degree of influence on areas in Shikoku by interaction is calculated in simulation.
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Dongyun KWAK, Toshio Kitahara
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
259-264
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, a social demand for a sustainable rebuilding of the healthy urban areas is growing with succession of regional history, culture and identity. Many cities have made an attempt on shifting a sustainable circulative urban structure for coping with an urban problem and a social demand. In Korea, the sustainable urban Regeneration has begun in earnest in the 1990s. The Cheonggyechon Restoration Project of Seoul is one of urban regeneration projects. This project removed a high-level road that reached around 5Km from center of Seoul and restored to the Cheonggyechon River. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consensus building strategy for potential of conflict of The Cheonggyechon Restoration Project.
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Chunyan Shan, Tetsuo Yai
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
265-270
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Public involvement (PI) has been introduced into road planning processes at the concept stage in Japan. However,Chinese citizens have few opportunities to access planning processes. In order to document the PI practice in road planning at project-level against the municipal legislative requirement and to clarify residents' perception of PI,this paper focuses on the Tianjin Urban Ring Expressway project and presents findings of a recent survey among the residents. It is concluded that the residents are dissatisfied with the PI practice and are demanding for involvement. Chinese citizens need a proper and legal way to express their opinions for protecting their primary rights and interests.
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To Reconsider How to Improve and Review the City Planning Road
Kota Kawasaki, Kenjiro Omura
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
271-276
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study discusses administrative litigation concerning the city planning roads that have been left unimproved for a prolonged period. Underlying each of these cases is recognition of the unreasonableness that city planning restrictions continue to be imposed despite changes in socio-economic circumstances and local environmental conditions. In principle, city planning is a balance of stability and continuity against change and flexibility. However, in practice, it is rarely altered once put into place due to insensitivity to the passage of time due to the understanding that property rights, once restricted by city planning, should be guaranteed prudently. Finally, for improvement and review of the city planning road, this study advocates (a) just enforcement of the legal obligation to alter city planning and institutionalization of city planning with time limits, (b) enrichment of basic city planning survey, (c) and institutional reform of city planning proposal system.
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A Case Study of Gunma
Tetsuo Morita, Shinya Tsukada
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
277-282
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In this study, we show the outline of the system which supports the Inhabitants Activity in Gunma. The inhabitants and the staff of the city hall carry out the activity, eagerly. Then, we analyzed the relations of the attraction of the town and the Inhabitants Activity. We analyzed it with Factor Analysis and Covariance Structure Analysis. As a result, we made clear that the attraction of the town improved, if Inhabitants Activity became active with enthusiasm. We judged this support system to be superior.
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The case in user satisfaction surveys of the city park management by designated manager's system
Hiroshi Maeda
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
283-288
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Based on evaluated cases of designated managers in Tokyo and Shizuoka Prefecture, this paper considered appropriateness of adopting results of user satisfaction surveys that often used at present in order to grasp outside opinions as one of viewpoints to evaluate designated managers. First, items and level of work were compared with user satisfaction between similar parks. Secondly, satisfaction toward park use was compared with satisfaction toward park maintenance and customer service. The results showed that it was inappropriate to use results of current user satisfaction surveys for evaluation of park management
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A Case of Regional Rejuvenation Process by Tourism Development in Shibetsu, Hokkaido
Masayuki Morishige
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
289-294
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Tourism can be recognized as a useful tool for regional rejuvenation even in a mobile society. This study was carried out in Shibetsu, Hokkaido to illustrate effectiveness of tourism development for regional rejuvenation. The result of this study shows that tourism contributes to the establishment of regional networks. These networks have two characteristics; connecting different types of actors and consisting of horizontal links between autonomous actors. The author proposes four consecutive steps of the management process for regional rejuvenation by tourism development. These steps are 1) establishing regional networks, 2) promoting organizational learning through networks, 3) creating new activities based on regional networks, and 4) building the system for sustainable regional rejuvenation.
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Yousuke Iwamoto, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bunpei Nakade
2008 Volume 43.3 Pages
295-300
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The problems that different land use control systems exist together in one local authority have been caused by merger of municipalities. The intention to the reorganization of City Planning Area (hereafter CPA) of the local authorities which execute city planning substantially will influence the decision of prefectural divisions about CPA.Then, we extract 109 nationwide municipalities thought to have caused the necessity of the reorganization of CPA due to the merger of municipalities and execute the questionnaire survey. We clarify that there are a lot of municipalities that have not decided a concrete reorganization method though the many municipalities think that they should reorganize CPA with integration or expansion.
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