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Hiroshi Kobayashi, Shinichi Hirata
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
159-164
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Japan is one of the nations that face rapid population decrease and ageing with fewer children. In particular, rural areas are expected to encounter challenges in daily travel such as decline of public transport services, the increasing elderly population with driving difficulties, etc. This study first identified areas with difficulties and inconvenience with public transport modes in daily lives. Second, it identified populations with difficulties and inconvenience in daily travel using the public transport modes and cars. Then, it proposed a concept for evaluation and extraction of identified areas and populations, and evaluated those nationwide. Finally, it proposed a forecast method taking into account of changes in public transport service levels caused by forthcoming ageing and population decrease. Through nationwide evaluation using the proposed method, authors gained insights about transport environment of daily travels including future outlook.
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Ryo Ariyoshi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
165-170
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Drop-off and pick-up transport by household members play an important role in supporting the daily life of the young and elderly especially in the provincial towns and cities in Japan. This paper aims to analyze the situation of drop-off and pick-up trips by household members using private vehicles in northern Kyushu urban area and to compare the regional characteristics of them from a point of view of the public transport service level.
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- Case Study on Higashiomi City in Shiga Prefecture
Kazuki Terayama, Michiyasu Odani, Naoya Akita
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
171-176
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In Japan, mainly in small and medium-sized cities, urban areas have expanded and shopping and medical facilities have moved to the suburbs. As a result, most residents cannot do activities in their daily lives such as going shopping and going to the hospital without a car for transportation. This study aims to build a choice behavior model of shopping and medical destinations by applying the random utility theory, on the basis of results to a questionnaire given to residents in a study area by the authors. The accessibilities to shopping and medical destinations, which can be derived from the choice behavior model, are measured in each residential zone according to elderly and non-elderly residents. Next, the zones are analyzed for measures that should be taken to improve access to those destinations.
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Case Study of Hankai Tramway
Kento Nakamura, Keiichi Kitazume
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
177-182
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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HANKAI Tramway of this research region has two or more problems, such as finances. The measure against equipment replacement is not made immediately. However, it is important to continue a continuous relation with a local resident, in order to maintain the number of users. In order to promote the service in an area along the line intentionally and strategically, improvement in the estimation technology of the number of use and form in a resident inhabitable area is important. It needs to perform policy planning from a viewpoint positive about the usefulness of the framework of the meaning and the proposal of local service, or a local transport service plan. In this research, the questionnaire was carried out in the railroad event for which a lot of people gather. The answer content was analyzed. Analysis and consideration for building a continuous relation with a local resident from the result are performed.
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A Case Study of Tarumi Railway
Jun Sakamoto, Shunichi Yamaoka, Motohiro Fujita
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
183-188
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In recent years, many local railway facilities are threatened due to aging society with fewer children and motorization. Therefore, if residents require the survival of the railway, it is indispensable that they support them. This study aims to consider the measures of residents support activity toward the regeneration of local railway based on the questionnaire survey. As a result of analysis, it revealed that the factor of social capital and railway influences the attitude of residents support activity. So, for promoting the support activity, it is important that residents should involve with their community. Also, the result shows that the attitude of residents support activity depends on the support content. In particular, the local residents are cooperative an active support activity, city residents assume a cooperative attitude to information service activities.
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Based on a Field Survey in Spain
Tadashi Itoh, Naoyuki Tsukamoto, Fumiko Perry, Masatoshi Hatoko, Koji ...
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
189-194
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In Japan, the merit of installing LRT (Light Rail Transit) is well known, however the introduction of LRT to urban areas is not making progress. To study effective strategies of LRT adaption, field surveys were conducted at cities where LRT systems were placed in Spain with data collection of urban characteristics adjacent conditions, accommodating spatial conditions, effectiveness of service and project management. This paper aims to clarify the specific requirements to make LRT adaption possible. The results indicate, beyond the need for middle range transportation systems, the importance of the following: potential contribution to inner city revitalization, environmental concerns, land use conditions and spatial composition needed by adjacent businesses.
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Case of Several Articles for Debate on Revision of the Planning Law in Japan
Changgi Kim, Fumihiko Seta, Takashi Onishi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
195-200
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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There are many differences among "rational" opinions of actors (government, private businesses and researchers) over the compactness of local cities. Location regulation for large commercial facilities is one of the recent examples of this varied opinion among different actors. In this research, some "rational" opinions of different actors are structuralized and analyzed. Firstly, in spite of conflicting opinions among actors over the "problem perception" and the "policy instrument", there are no conflicting views for "understanding of mechanism." Secondly, the controversies among the "rational" opinions are caused by the differences of choice of reasoning. Thirdly, the actor's "instrument" potentially influences the actor's "rational" opinion making.
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Chie Kodama, Aya Kubota
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
201-206
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Considering national financial situation under the population decreasing, there has been more and more necessity for establishing the spatial planning institutions regarding disaster risk control, which includes land use regulations, to reduce public investment. The purpose of this study is to reveal the original idea of Article 39 of the Building Standards Law as one of the land use regulation in Japan. Through this study, we revealed the original idea of Article 39 of the Building Standards Law was to enhance the local robustness through land use regulation before disaster. However, it has been almost forgotten throughout this half century due to its difficulties in application criteria or luck of the local governments' initiative to regulate land use of established city area.
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Case Studies of Historical Cities Restored from the Natural Disasters in the Past and the Great East Japan Earthquake
Takahiro Abe
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
207-212
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Awide range of historical cities in eastern Japan was severely damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11th, 2011. The purpose of this study was to clarify the processes and techniques to maintain and restore historic buildings in a historical city in a time of natural disaster. In this study, first of all, six cases of historical cities restored from the natural disaster in the past were analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the restoration processes and techniques were explained. After that, five cases of historical cities suffered from the Great East Japan Earthquake were analyzed in order to verify the effectiveness of the processes and techniques. As a result of these analyses, it is possible to say that the useful knowledge concerning restoration of historical cities in a time of natural disaster has been provided.
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Through an analysis using the Multi-Layered BaseMap System for Middle Eastern Cities
Kosuke Matsubara
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
213-218
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Syrian civil war happen in the march of 2011 has been continuing till today. Based on the realization of international cooperation in the domain of urban planning cooperation, it is suggested that Japan should play an important role for Syria's urban reconstruction planning after the peace recovered. In this point of view, this paper considers the urban planning history of Beirut. The urban formation of the Ottoman era, French mandate, and urban planners such as Ecochard and Banshoya are common with the case of Syrian principal cities. The Ecochard plan in 1943 had a great influence on its successors even till today, and the redevelopment project of Gargoul and Saifi district are now on going under the strong leadership of Rafic Hariri and his successors.
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Akihiro Kashima
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
219-224
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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It is pointed out that the Spanish colonial towns have strong commonality of spatial structure. Among the Spanish colonial laws, the Laws of the Indies, however, there are unexpectedly few regulations associated with concrete town planning scale such as the "Ordinances of Felipe II" in 1573. This paper aims to clarify, by examining the colonial laws, how the scale of the land arrangement is regularized, and how the town planning was conducted by a certain scale during the Spanish initial colonization. Although the Spanish Royal did not induce a complete image of a whole town, strong assertion for an orderly town planning was given since early period. The development of regulations, such as the unification of the scale and measure of the land use, formed a factor to create the strong characteristic of urban space structure of the Spanish colonies with different scale of town planning from the home country.
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A Case Study of Nairobi, Lusaka and Dakar
Haruka Kajihara, Tetsuo Kidokoro
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
225-230
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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To understand the process of informal urban development in African cities, this paper examines the relationship between land tenure systems and the spatial distribution of informal settlements in Nairobi, Lusaka and Dakar comparatively. It reviews the impact of land title system, customary tenure system and land tenure regularization on the informal urban development in these cities. It was found out that multiple land tenure systems enable urban residents, especially low-income people, to obtain access to land for housing. To promote sustainable urban development by providing sufficient and affordable housing, it is important to maintain and coordinate this pluralistic land tenure system.
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The Analyze of the Proceedings of the Commission of the Old Paris from 1916 to 1920
Kumi Eguchi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
231-236
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This study aims to analyze the use of the French word "Pittoresque" by Architect Louis Bonnier by using the proceedings of the Commision of the Old Paris from 1916 to 1920 about the Archeological and Artistic Inventory. As a result I clarified that the concept of "Pittoresque" in Paris in the first half of the twentieth century did not only inherit the English concept for the nature, but also generated the new value for the urban landscape. The scale of the object of the concept was from the part of the building to the street. They added the new signification of "variety, particularity and composition". I also found that it could have the new meanings; such as powerful and disgusting.
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Focusing on opinions from community viewpoint and art viewpoint
Arisa Nakamura, Masato Dohi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
237-242
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Today in Japan, the number of art activities at public spaces called "Art Project" (AP) has been growing since 90s. However, there are contradictions between community and art. Community has its own rules and limitations with social orders. On the other hand, art is originally free. This research aims to figure why these two seek each other thorough AP. In this research, we reviewed the historical background of public art to reveal how AP appeared, defining AP as an art activity which has relationship with community. After investigating the current status of 278 research APs, we gathered both sides' opinions about each other from newspapers. Then, we created voice construction map about APs and figured how each sides said about APs. Finally, through AP, we concluded that community seeks art since it asks questions that help thinking current situation and matters, and art seeks community as targets, stages, and fellowships to express.
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Case Study of a Park Improvement Project in Kume Area, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture
Kimihiro Hino, Mamoru Amemiya, Kazuhisa Sugisaki
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
243-248
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Due to frequent child homicides in early 2000s, most schools make neighborhood safety maps as a tool of safety education. This paper aims to discuss and identify key points to make effective use of these maps for environmental improvement with a case study of a park improvement project in Kume Area, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. As a conclusion we identified five points; continuous practice of making maps, visualization of local problems, forming local priorities, objectification of the problem and expanding the scope of maps. These points could be emulated by other communities already practicing neighborhood safety maps throughout Japan.
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It takes notice of change of the "turn" in the minutes of "the meeting of KANNON city planning" in Kiryu.
AKIHITO SHIMADA, HIDEKI KOIZUMI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
249-254
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In order to grasp what kind of subject what kind of talks were performed and turned into the member's share subject from the meeting of the small group of city planning, investigating from the minutes is an effective technique. However, in order to get to know it out of the continuous minutes over which it goes in several months, it is necessary to read and undo a vast quantity of data, and based on the investigator's expert workmanship ability in many cases. Then, I would like to show that the contents of the subject can be grasped by that one subject after another for the small group is produced bordering on the changing point of the rate of the "turn" of each member in a meeting, and extracting the opinion of the person who were during the period as for the rate of a turn in the main subject.
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Case study of Furano Community Development Company
Katsuhiro Kubo, Risa Nakahara
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
255-260
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In local cities in Japan, many of community development companies participate in urban redevelopment projects. And these companies tend to have characteristics of public sectors, although many of them are founded by private or business enterprise's capital injection. Furano Community Development Company, public established, used to be a building management company, have developed and changed into private initiative community development company. This paper aimed at verifying the development process of community development company, and following points were made clear: 1. Legal conference was founded by the executive officer of a business enterprise, 2. Proposal of urban redevelopment plan precede the conference, 3. Civil participants of the conference supported the increase of the capital of the community development company.
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Sanae Sugita, Yoshihiro Doi, Ayako Yachida
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
261-266
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This paper aims to investigate the actual condition of subsidy system to develop physical infrastructures and clarify its issues and effects. It is supposed that there would be specific issues in this subsidy system, because professional knowledge about the architecture or related lows is required. We found the followings from a questionnaire survey to community funds; 1) Most of funds have a judging committee consisting of the outsiders, and judging presentation is open to public. And some of them make on-site survey and provide technical supports. 2) the projects on private lands reach 80% and were conducted by individual or company for preservation of the historical landscape. On the other hand, the projects on public lands were mainly conducted by local groups with a variety of purposes. 3) It is difficult to operate and manage the physical infrastructure, but it could become local common property that is suitable for citizen needs.
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Case of Machi-zukuri organization-centered Machi-zukuri in Takahama City
Teruhiko Yoshimura
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
267-272
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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The importance of promoting Machi-zukuri at the district and local level is now widely recognized. In this context, there are many support measures such as Machi-zukuri organizations and community fund. However, the idea of comprehensive mechanisms and financial frameworks is limited. This paper aims to analyze present conditions and limitations of comprehensive platforms and financial frameworks in Takahama City. Takahama Model deals with the comprehensive measures at the school district. Organizations, vision and plan, projects and activities, financial resources, community facilities are required for Machi-zukuri and these are closely related. Through the reviewing the institution and practical implementation of Takahama Model, it was found out that the platform was well organized, but there are some limitations from the viewpoint of independence and sustainability.
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Case Study of Regional Decentralization System of Ikeda-shi, Osaka
AKIYO TANAKA
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
273-278
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Focus on the operation of the community decentralized system of Ikeda, I've been through the analysis about the network type town development business. As a result, the deployment of network-based community development project, desired for citizens, government presents constitutional model in accordance with the actual conditions of the region and grant budget proposal right, to publish its evaluation and business areas of the thorough and even are. In addition, the region supporter system administration staff to the support of community activities, build relationships of trust administration and local residents have been achieved.
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The Case of Pathumthani Province where the different Gated Housing Projects and Former villages are located adjacently
SIWAPORN KLINMALAI, KIYOKO KANKI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
279-284
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Khlong Sam sub-district, Pathumthani province is in sprawl area of Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Major communities in the study area are former village, gated housing project (detached house), and gated housing project (townhouse). Klong Sam sub-district was a part of canal excavation project for agricultural (rice) trading area before those paddy fields have been replaced by gated housing project (GHP) development of both detached house and townhouse. This rapid transformation of land use effects on livelihood of former villagers and newcomers who live in this area. Therefore, paper aims to assess neighborhood relationship of inside and outside gated housing projects through questionnaire, interview, and physical observation.
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Kirara Matsuura, Sayaka Fujii, Tomokazu Arita
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
285-290
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This study aims to reveal the role of open space in housing complex build by UR as children's playground. By observing children's activity in selected housing complex and its surroundings, it would be possible to analyze actual usage in both macro scale and micro scale. Especially to analyze and compare what is planned in open space and actual usage by children, it is important to focus on layout planning in housing complex since it decides accessibility and recognition of open space for children. The results refers the fact that open space in housing complex still have important role as children's playground not only in housing complex itself but also in district near housing complex. This difference between planning and actual needs of children' can be occured when layout planning is open for neighborhoods.
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A case study in a residential and industrial mixed land use area
Shintaro Oda, Tomokazu Arita, Sayaka Fujii
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
291-296
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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With the change of socioeconomic conditions concerning urban redevelopment projects, the conventional urban redevelopment metod of right conversion based on the co-ownership has faced the limits. This study aims at investigating the future possibilities of the method of completely-detached property ownership, with the case study of a project in a residential and industrial mixed land use area. We conclude that the method of completing-detached property ownership could be employed by a deliberate policy of combining detached property ownership and co-ownership and an organized Masterplan of the district.
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Through an example of Tokyo Metropolitan Government
MASAKI YAMASAKI, KIYOMU SAKURAI, AKIO NEGAMI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
297-302
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This study clarifies the actual situation of public contribution of Soft-field in the Special District for Urban Regeneration through an example of Tokyo Metropolitan Government. First of all, As a result of organized on the recent public contribution of Soft-field, we have become clear that it proposed twenty-two of twenty-four proposal, sixty-four public contribution. Among the sort of public contribution, "improving attractiveness of urban and town" public contribution amounts to 34points, making it the largest item. Second, As a result we surveyed status of implementation that proposed public contribution of Soft-field to developer, administrator, government of Tokyo, all cases of public contribution were implemented. However, the issue is that proposal "image" wasn't implemented, public contribution wasn't evaluated after city planning decision occurred, effective utilization of public contribution of Soft-field depends on business operator's effort.
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Case of the Okazaki City Library and Community Plaza "Libra"
Katsushi Mitsuya, Eizo Hideshima, Teruhiko Yoshimura
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
303-308
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Citizen participation has become an issue for all the process of public facility arrangement. This study focuses on the community-based intermediary organization and considers the demanded roles and outcomes on the support for citizen participation at public facility arrangement. In the case of the Okazaki City Library and Community Plaza "Libra", it turned out that a community-based intermediary organization harnessed its own characteristics in the arrangement process and that the specified items for the support were 1) design of workshop, 2) study for reference cases, 3) operation of astronghold for civic activities, 4) incubation and organization of civic activities, 5) involvement in circumference city planning, and 6) matching of various agents.
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- Through the consideration of the works of Prague city and Prague 11, 13 -
Yuno Tanaka, Kiyoko Kanki
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
309-314
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Many residential areas were developed around the city center during the socialist era in Prague, Czech Republic. Today, decades have passed since these developments, the way of regeneration against physical degradation witch depends on these areas' own situations is one of the very important issues. This paper aims to be clarifying the way of the regeneration through the policies of Prague city and Prague11, 13 ward offices. As a consequence, two points are obtained. First, Prague city office conducted a survey of the residential development areas from socialist era in order to arrange the area and building information which is the base of these areas' regeneration. Second, the residential development planning in socialist era of Prague11 and 13 are characteristic and Prague11 and 13 ward offices have their own policies for the regeneration of the areas.
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Case Study on Taira Central City Area in Iwaki City
Mitsuhiro Saito, Masatoshi Kato
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
315-320
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the change and the actual condition of land use in the block unit as for Taira central city area in Iwaki. And therefore, it was approached the change and the actual condition of land use through analyzing site and block units from 1970 to 2010 by the field survey and House map Zenrin on GIS. As a result of this study, about the change of land use, it found that the proportion of tertiary industry offices and personal house has decreased, on the other hand, the proportion of vacant, open space and parking is on the rise. Then, it was possible to identify the block great change of the land use. These blocks can be seen in the road along the specific. In addition, it was possible to clarify the pattern and its features about six elements of largely change. In blocks where land use has largely changed, it enables to classify 4 patterns in personal house and 2 patterns in tertiary industry offices as pattern in land use changes.
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Case study on the mountain ridge scene from the main institution in medieval town
naho dokyu, akira yamamoto
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
321-326
Published: October 25, 2013
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This paper described the morphological attribute of the mountain ridge scene in medieval town used fractal dimension. As a result, the known fact about similarity and differences of the location characteristic among main institutions of each city was verified. Furthermore, the morphological attribute of the mountain ridge scene from a main institution was able to be quantitatively described as follows. 1) Fractal dimension of a religion institution is low compared with the'Gosho'residence. 2) The 'Heian-kyo' culture was imported and the paradise space which makes a mountain ridge scene a scenic backdrop was formed in medieval 'Hiraizumi' . 3) Scene complexity is low from geographical feature'Yato' in medieval 'Kamakura' as a military town.
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Fumiko ITO, Yoshifumi FUJIKI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
327-332
Published: October 25, 2013
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This paper analyzed the relation between complexity and impression of street network in urban district. Impression data was collected by the experiments using web system on the smart-phone. Impression consists of 13 evaluation axis and comprehensive evaluation. Space Syntax theory was applied to estimate the complexity of the street. The results shows that landscape of complex space introduce the impression of 'open', 'safe', 'tempting to walk', and comprehensive evaluation of the landscape is high in complex space,
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HIROSHI TAKADA, KUNIHIRO KISHI, YASUSHI HIGASHIMOTO
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
333-338
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In this study, as to accelerate further urban-center-returning moves, while focusing on conveniences of residential environment, public transport and vehicles in all areas of Sapporo, those efficiency are comprehensively evaluated using Network DEA Model. As the result, the current urban structure in suburban areas has the same convenience values of the city center or greater than those of the city center. In contrast, the urban structure in near city center does not have convenience values as much, which means that convenience values of residential environment and public transport do not relatively match housing expenses considering land values and distance from the city center.
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Kazuki Suzuki, Asao Ando
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
339-344
Published: October 25, 2013
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Population decline is the most serious social problem in Japan. In this paper, a simple linear market over which population is distributed uniformly is considered to evaluate the possibility of service continuity under declining population. The households are guaranteed to enjoy the fixed level of utility derived from land and the 'good'. Starting from the initial allocation with ten sites, we first conduct numerical analysis of the case where uniform distribution of population is maintained after decline. Since negative bid-rents are observed in the vicinity of closed sites, the rent subsidy would become necessary to maintain the uniform distribution. Second, in the case where the lot size is kept at the initial size, collective living emerges. The vertical separation scheme where the government will cover the fixed costs would be relevant. Both schemes require some government intervention.
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Kentaro Honma, Kotaro Imai
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
345-350
Published: October 25, 2013
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This paper attempts to clarify (i) how the sizes of facilities should be changed and (ii) how they are changed, where competitive facilities are distributed on urban space. (i) Firstly, the optimal allocation of investment, which maximizes social benefit, and optimal redistribution of resources among facilities are found. (ii) Secondly, increase and decrease of social benefit are examined under the circumstances, which the sizes of facilities are changed as a result of seeking profits by each manager of facilities. This paper succeeds to show that the social benefits always increase in accordance with the change of sizes, especially utility is defined as the logarithm of size.
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An analysis using latent growth curve modeling
Mamoru Amemiya
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
351-356
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between time series variations of residential burglary rates and the social and physical environments of local districts in Tokyo's 23 wards using latent growth curve modeling. We collected and analyzed official statistics from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's crime record data and derived the following results: (1) the latent growth curve model, which explains time series variations of residential burglary rates in districts in Tokyo's 23 wards, is described as a linear function; (2) the parameters that define the latent growth curve model vary significantly among districts statistically; and (3) the variables associated with criminological theories are significant predictors of the shape of the latent growth curve.
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Hiroyuki Usui, Yasushi Asami
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
357-362
Published: October 25, 2013
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Mean lot depth is one of the important indices for specifying the typical lot in a district. Data of lots depth is, however, impossible to obtain directly. Hence, we define lot depth as the ratio of lot area to lot frontage. If the hypothesis holds that the joint distribution of lots frontage and lots depth is independent each other, mean lot depth is equal to the ratio of mean lot area to mean lot frontage. To test this hypothesis statistically, non-parametric test is done and it is found that, 1)at a 5% significance level, this hypothesis is not always accepted, 2)while, in the district with grid road network patterns, the relative error of mean lot depth and the ratio of mean lot area to mean lot frontage is 4%, in the district with irregular road network patterns, the relative error of them is 21%.
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Case Study of Horage settlement in Tsukuba city
Misaki Komori, Akinobu Murakami
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
363-368
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences of the spatial structures between the houses which have maintained homestead woodland and the houses which have lost it. In order to discuss the differences, the space constitution of individual housing lot with green cover ratio and building area ratio was examined using aerial photographs and through field investigation. Then, following findings were obtained. The former houses maintained woodland behind their houses after the additional construction of the buildings was completed. Such houses tend to have the characteristic tree constitution other than the homestead woodland. On the other hand, the latter houses lost woodland behind their houses after the additional construction of the buildings was completed. Such houses tend not to have the characteristic tree constitution.
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Seiko Tsuruwa, Taku Nohara
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
369-374
Published: October 25, 2013
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This study aims at clarifying the method of community management and how this method affects factors of preserving hedges. In this study, we analyzed three cases in historical urban district and found out that in these cases, they maintain motivation for preservation and management of hedges through the cooperation with community which is enabled by interrelation between community organization and preservation society, or succession through property management by incorporating the limited partnership company, or putting visitor's influence to practical use through tourism. Therefore, it is regarded that these methods have possibility for preserving hedges by choosing the method of community management that matches circumstance of the community.
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Hiroyuki KAGA, Keisuke TAGAWA, Shigeaki TAKEDA, Noboru MASUDA
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
375-380
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In this study, literature-based research and a hearing survey were conducted in the Ohmino Residential Area, developed in the early Showa Period, to investigate the characteristics of its planning and to extract landscape resources preserved up to the present. The photograph projective method was used to identify landscapes which residents consider to be symbolic of the area and to examine the scenic values of preserved landscape resources. The results showed that continuous hedges of
Juniperus chinensis var.
kaizuka and the central roundabout and fountain with Ohmino City Hall or Fukutomi Inari Shrine in the background were considered to be highly-valued symbolic landscapes of the residential area. This study also revealed that scenes of the elementary school, a curved roadway, detached houses with atmosphere, and large cherry trees in gardens were regarded as having high scenic value by both longtime inhabitants and new residents.
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Shigeaki TAKEDA, Akihiro TANAKA, Hiroyuki KAGA, Noboru MASUDA
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
381-386
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In this study, we assessed how the quantity and continuity of greenery in a neighborhood unit with concentrated housing complexes transformed after housing complex rehabilitation. As for the results, the study found that, although the amount of greenery in the neighborhood unit was unchanged as a whole after rehabilitation, a remarkable decrease in the volume of greenery, especially trees, was observed in the rehabilitated housing complexes. Among them, there was the largest decrease in the number of familiar trees located near walking spaces. As for the transformation of greenery continuity, the study revealed that in the rehabilitated housing complexes the continuity of trees was more frequently interrupted and trees became sparser, and that familiar trees in housing complexes played an important role in forming greenery continuity in the neighborhood unit.
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Shinichi TODOROKI, Chihiro MORI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
387-392
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This study clarified the changes of the space composition in the site of pottery in Shigaraki. I analyzed the spatial elements in each pottery of various conditions, and considered the conservation and the utilization of them. From the viewpoint of the space composition and the pottery management, I classified the potteries in three types. The first type is the pottery group which extended business and largely changed the space in the site for efficiency of the work. The second type is the pottery group utilizing old buildings remained in the site, but running relatively on a small scale. The third type is the pottery group producing artistic works and prepared the space for various visitors. It is demanded that the conservation and the utilization of the spatial resources are based on characteristics of the space composition and the pottery management.
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A Case study of Chiayi County, Taiwan
Sin-Heng Wang, Takefumi Kurose
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
393-398
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This paper, therefore, proposes a conservation plan for the reuse of the sugar industrial heritage network in Chiayi County as a studying case. There are three main objectives in this study. 1. A part of the sugar factories is reused as public space by the Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC). 2. The process of the development of the local communities and the role of the sugar railways and stations from Singang Railway Park, to Din-Tsai-Yen, in this development. 3. A part of the sugar railway network connected the whole sugar industrial heritage is reused as bicycle routes, walkways, parks. Finally, this paper analyzes the mechanism, schematic diagram and impact of sugar industrial heritage conservation between community empowerment, Chiayi County Government and TSC.
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In the view point of agricultural waterways managed by administration and resident's associations at Amagasaki city
Haruaki Tanaka, Yoshito Yamazaki, Hiroki Akazawa, Isao Nakase
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
399-404
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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By rapid urbanization, many Japanese cities went through densifications and lacked their nature. In those cities, it is essential to improve quality of life through creating more open spaces for residents. We thought abandoned agricultural waterways have potential to be implemented as open spaces in some Japanese cities. The goal of this article is to identify the knowledge to be used by environmental activities. In the case of Amagasaki city, we investigated the conditions of agricultural waterways and the process of activities by resident's associations at agricultural waterways. As the result, we determined the important factors to use agricultural waterways are affected by the relationship with remaining agriculture and the possibility of using water.
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MINORU YAMADA, NORIO AKATSU
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
405-410
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In large scale shopping center, there is large storage parking lot because there is expectation of a lot of private vehicle owners coming for shopping. However, for the parking lot users, they tend to select the parking space which is far from the shopping entrance and thus there is a major problem with safety and comfortability. In this research, the effective countermeasures in such field were discussed. Structure of users' consciousness related to the pedestrian crossing was clarified. Then, based on these results, the needs and importance of suggested countermeasures were discussed.
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Based on Field Research on Streets of Two Cities in Germany
Masatoshi HATOKO, Fumiko PERRY, Naoyuki TSUKAMOTO, Kouji YOSHIKAWA, IT ...
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
411-416
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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"Transit mall" is one of the components of Light Rail Transit system for realizing town renovation. So many examples in foreign cities have been reported, but Japan is still under poor situation for installation of the new type mall because road or traffic administrators have inadequate knowledge for mixed traffic of pedestrians and Light Rail Vehicles. It can be thought as a background of such conditions in Japan that details of moving surroundings of LRV is not well known. In this study, behaviors of pedestrians on transit malls in foreign cities were recorded by a camcorder and quantitatively analyzed for revealing the start timing of crossing the tram tracks. At the end, it has been considered what kind of subjects exists for materialization of transit mall.
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Case study of Toyota city
Yasuhiro Mimura, Keiichi Higuchi, Ryosuke Ando
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
417-422
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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In recent years, Zone 30 is being promoted in Japan. Zone 30 focus on fast forwarding, are considerations to be flexibly set the area that it is easy to obtain the agreement of the residents. However, it is not always the district where the district can expect a reduction in a bicycle or pedestrian accident. As a case study Toyota City, this study is to clarify the relationship between the consciousness for introduction of Zone 30 from the residents and the incidence of pedestrian-bicycle accident through analysis of district characteristics.
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Focusing on Daily Shopping and Private Communications
Sadayasu Aono, Nobuaki Ohmori
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
423-428
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This paper analyses frequencies of activity participation of wheel chair users and their potential needs for those frequencies in real space and cyber space focusing on daily shopping and private communications. For daily shopping, 3 types of activities are investigated: going shopping by themselves, asking someone to go shopping and e-shopping in cyber space. For private communications, 4 types of activities are considered: meeting outside, meeting at home, talking by telephone and e-mailing. One of the findings is that wheelchair users who need helper do not frequently go shopping and tend to depend on someone's shopping activities compared to abled persons. On the other hand, their need for increased frequency of participating in shopping activities in real and cyber space are high. The other finding is that wheelchair users who need helper and who cannot use private car do not frequently participate in activities in both real and cyber space.
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Evaluation of access information and methods for seeking destination
Tohmi Tominaga, Mamoru Taniguchi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
429-434
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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The appearance of smartphones as a new tool has given many people more opportunities to obtain information daily from cyberspace. Transportation choice related information, as obtained through smartphones, and people's searching behavior will influence future transportation planning. These effects can pose daunting problems especially when that information differs from actual public transportation accessibility: when an information gap occurs between reported and actual conditions. Our original index, IMMR, indicates the accessibility of public transportation for a destination. Using IMMR, we conducted quantitative examination of information provided by service facilities and people's searching behavior. We clarified actual information gaps. Based on model analysis results, we propose ideas to promote public transportation usage by providing information through smartphones.
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Hidetaka Mori, Hirotoshi Yamaguchi, Mamoru Taniguchi
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
435-440
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Although vehicles are widely prevalent, people must recognize the importance of maintaining transportation in this aging society with a declining population. This study examined present conditions and future expectations of commutation through shopping behavior of Iwaki residents. Iwaki was struck by the Great East Japan Earthquake. We describe actual conditions of people who were displaced and not displaced in the aftermath of the disaster. Results showed the following: 1) displaced residents showed decreased private shopping and increased vehicle use; 2) non-displaced residents recognized the use of vehicles as a future risk, but the alternative of public transportation usage was not recognized; 3) the more a person depends on automobile use, the less that person can recognize both risks.
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TOMOHIRO MATSUKI, YASUNORI MUROMACHI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
441-446
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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Less interest in car ownership and use by younger generation is considered as one of the possible reasons for 'Peak Travel' found in some developed countries currently. In this regard, we studied the effects of past travel mode experiences of undergraduate students on their attitude toward future car purchase. We found that past experiences of high school schooling by bicycle and general car use affected the attitude of undergraduate students toward future car purchase positively. We also found that as well as the past experiences of travel mode such as bicycle and car, the use time of information technology such as social network services affected the attitude of undergraduate students.
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Sohta Itoh, Eiji Hato
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
447-452
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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An appropriate analysis of the pedestrian movement is needed to evaluate the impact of street improvement projects and spatial changes. We propose the method to develop a pedestrian traffic flow assignment considering roundabout flow and cyclic flow. We first apply the absorbing Markov chain model for the pedestrian flow to describe the flow-independent traffic assignment. The model can also consider various paths including cyclic flow. We then propose a dynamic route choice model to set the transition probabilities in the absorbing Markov chain model. These models are applied for the behavior data in city center in Shunan City, Japan. The results show that street environment affect pedestrians' route choice and that the effect of a program spread in the network with a gradual decrease.
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Naoya AKITA, Michiyasu ODANI
2013 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages
453-458
Published: October 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 25, 2013
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This study aims to analyze shippers' attitudes towards actual situation of partnerships with truckers and their requirements for measures by truckers for the establishment of partnerships, on the basis of questionnaire survey to shippers conducted by the authors. In this study, we first proposed that the partnerships could be classified into four levels from the viewpoint of the closeness of shippers' relationship with truckers. Second, we revealed that the levels of partnerships much affect both shippers' weighting and evaluation of each measure by truckers. Third, we showed truckers' measures could be divided into three groups, considering how shippers' weighting and evaluation are affected by the increase in the levels of partnerships. Finally, we referred issues on the establishment of partnerships.
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