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Kazutaka Tsurutani, Kohei Akasaki
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
1-6
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, attention and the concern for "Alley" have risen. In densely built-up areas, a lot of narrow-minded roads with "Alley" element as an overflow of planting and comes in the place of a regional exchange etc. However, maintenance based on widening is done from the disaster prevention side assuming that it is necessary to exclude it as for a narrow-minded road. Then, the present study examined the possibility of the introduction of "City planning that made the best use of the alley" in densely built-up areas by clarifying the maintenance technique for improving the disaster prevention performance while making the best use of directionality and the alley of the future of the system to make the best use of the alley. As a result, it was clarified that the introduction of "City planning that made the best use of the alley" in densely built-up areas was possible by the use of "Alley city planning plan system".
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Case Study on the Machizukuri Organizations by Kobe-city Machizukuri Ordinance
Noriko Akita
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
7-12
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims to analyze the actual conditions of the community based planning systems through the ordinance. I did my studies by focusing on the Machizukuri organizations in Kobe-city. By the interview, on-site investigation and analyzing the pertinent documents, I found as follows; 1) Some problems are caused because the strength of the compulsion power of an individual plan synchronizes the rank of the plan, 2) Current system has been based on the needs of the residential area, 3) The application of the Machizukuri ordinance systems greatly depends on the voluntary activities of the Machizukuri organizations. Therefore, the continuous support system by the specialist and flexible operating mechanism are important.
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Case Study of the Four Reconstruction Funds
Ryosuke Aota
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
13-18
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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While public assistance is limited to support independence of disaster victims, disaster reconstruction fund has been established to supplement the assistance in Unzen, Hanshin-Awaji, Chuetsu and Noto Disasters. Promoting assistance for victims' self-support is important and I analyze support menus of these funds to identify the characteristics. I also pay attention to the situation of disaster affected areas, its relationship with public assistance and financial resource for the fund. It is found out as on the following. ; 1) Assistance is implemented with variety, depending on the needs of disaster victims, the situation of disaster areas and the kind of disasters, 2) Assistance for victims is implemented to supplement public assistance policy, 3) Assistance menus are developed to enhance capacity building for victims, and 4) Assistance is achieved differently, depending on the resource of the fund. The fund is a quite beneficial tool to help victims reconstruct for themselves.
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Case study of Urban Renewal Project in Epinay-sur-Seine
Yuka Okai
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
19-24
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Despite the French government continuing efforts to regenerate the social housing estate in the suburbs the social problems still remain. National Program for Urban Renewal (NPUR) was enacted by law in 2003 to regenerate those areas that were considered as ghettos and to deal with the social mix as well as the sustainable development. This paper clarifies the mechanism of regeneration of social housing estate supported by the NPUR. It is argued that urban renewal and reorganization of social housing are implemented in an integrated method. The paper concludes that the unification of the budget and a long term designated financial resources would have a crucial role on the regeneration of social housing estate.
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A Case Study of Seibu-District in Hakodate City
Yukari Takehana, Kenjiro Omura, Tomokazu Arita, Sayaka Fujii
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
25-30
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to investigate condition and utilization of vacant houses in preservation district for groups of historic buildings and its surroundings. Our standpoints are the following two factors: 1) loss of the value of historical townscape, 2) inefficient use of historical resources. As a case study, Seibu preservation district for groups of historic buildings and surrounding in Hakodate city is selected. This study is investigated by using the official investigations of Hakodate city and interviews with local real estate companies and local government. According to the investigation of conversion and regeneration of former vacant houses in survey area, following points are necessary for utilization of vacant houses: 1) supports of public sectors for professional consulting for conversions etc., 2) financial supports for renovations of houses, 3) encouragements for citizens' activities for regeneration of historical townscape.
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Norihisa Shima
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
31-36
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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How can we control Asian megacities? This is a long discussed issue. This is a fundamental research toward effective spatial control of one of the typical megacities, Jakarta, aiming to find out the development trend, from scale to scale, since 1971 based on the data of development permission. Through the analysis of the number, the place, the year, the purpose of the development, in conclusion, the following three big trends are found out; (1) there have been a good number of development of several hectares, (2) there have been a good number of corridor-oriented development, that is, development along the highways or the main streets, (3) there are more multi-purpose development.
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Case Study of Toiya-cho district, Kita-ku, Okayama city
Kantaro Takeuchi, Hirofumi Abe, Seiji Hashimoto, Takehito Ujihara
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
37-42
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study was to clarify the conditions of the stores other than the wholesale business which may experience in a wholesale business complex. We analyzed the characteristics and factors of new stores accumulation in Toiya-cho district, Kita-ku, Okayama city, where the quantity of stores other than wholesale business located in a wholesale business complex has recently increased. It has become clear from analysis that Toiya-cho district changed from a wholesale business complex to a commercial district with special characteristics of a wholesale business complex. In order for stores other than wholesale business to be run, it is important to consider the characteristics of a wholesale business complex.
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The creative industry idea is use to renovated mass of retrogression areas in the world. Along with the development of Shanghai City, Shanghai government adopted this idea, from 2004 to 2007, the Creative Industry Park was divided to 4 phases and authorized. It aims to use this idea to renovate old factory and warehouse where is located in the center of city. This study aims to clarify how the surrounding stores are influenced by the renovation of "Living Design Centre". According to the result, some shops are interested in the Centre events. They can communicate with the designers, also can find out the latest concept of the furniture's design. However there were some respondents who worries about the high price of goods in the Centre, we can find that more events can improve the communication among the surrounding shops. It will necessary to connect with the local revitalization.
Jin LI, Yu Shibata, Masanori Sawaki
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
43-48
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The UK has a long history of area-based initiatives in urban regeneration policies. New Deal for Communities is one of the most recent remarkable ABIs, which tries to tackle five policy areas holistically. This study aims to clarify how the concept of the holistic approach has been adapted in the planning and delivery of each NDC programme. It analyses Delivery Plans and carries out some interviews with chief executives of the programme. It concludes that the concept is not explicit in the Delivery Plans but is a great concern in most cases. Some cases have tried to enhance the holistic approach by modifying partnership structures or decision-making processes; however, silo mentality and collaboration fatigue still make the progress very slow.
Shingo Anzai
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
49-54
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Case Study of Kanazawa City
Masahiro Katagishi, Mitsuhiko Kawakami, Arata Fushimi, Masahiro Rachi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
55-60
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to clarify the actual conditions and problems of suburban residential area from the analysis of population change, land use transformation, and residents' evaluation. From a case study of Kanazawa City, the suburban area where was developed by Land Readjustment Project (LRP) shows the decrease of population and increase of population aged 65 or older. In contrast non-LRP area shows increase of population and the progress of urbanization. However, residents' evaluation to residential environment of non-LRP area is lower than LRP area, though it is related to quality of districts' infrastructure.
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Recently, land readjustment projects combined with other measures have been promoted in built-up city area. To improve accountability for public works projects, considered to be required to analyze the benefits that are expected to cost the equivalent of a grant for the project. In this study, benefit estimation methods of land readjustment projects for improving land use were examined. The effects of the project are organized systematically, because the project is expected to be effective for both urban infrastructure development and improving land use. Considering the data availability at the time of the project decision making, we examined variables that can be applied practically. Estimation of the land value function by each variables and the case study by the function show that reasonable benefit is measured.
Kotaro Maki, Kiyoshi Takami, Noboru Harata
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
61-66
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Yoichi Matsumoto, Shu Higuchi, Bumpei Nakade, Toshiya Matsukawa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
64-72
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to clarify the situation of the resident's change for the suburban residential areas developed in around 1970 that are adjacent to the built-up area in the local city. First of all, we define DID that expanded in 1970-90 years for Nagaoka City as the suburban residential area. Next, we select five districts for the study from the defined area, and examine the land use change, vacant lots, vacant houses and residents' change in the districts after 1981 .As a result, we clarify the followings. 1) There are 70 percent detached houses without the householder's change in about 30 years. 2) The houses where the resident changes into others are 20 percent of the houses at the districts. 3) The information on the vacant lots and vacant houses is not transmitted enough to the new residence applicants.
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Case Study of Oita City and Nagasaki City
Hiroyuki Takeda, Takafumi Arima
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
73-78
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, the centers of Japanese local cities have experienced urban decay, and many of them are now in need of brisk pedestrians' rambling activities to reactivate themselves. However, there are not so many cities with well-appointed walkable environment. This study evaluates actual city structures from the viewpoint of the performance that accelerates pedestrians' rambling activities. To indicate lucid results, the performance indexes are ramified into numerical indexes and visual indexes. The indexes consist of six elements; origin, destination, commercial environment, walking environment, promotion or deterrence of walking, and rest place. As the targets of this study, Oita City and Nagasaki City are selected, and compared for relative assessments. Each city's characteristics and problems are clarified through the investigation.
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A case study of an elementary school in Tsukuba city, Ibaraki prefecture
Mamoru Amemiya, Tomoko Doi Hata, George Kikuchi, Yutaka Harada
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
79-84
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Concerns have been raised that parental restriction on children's independent mobility negatively affects the mental and physical development of the children. This study aims to identify the effects of parental restriction on children's outdoor independent activities. From a questionnaire survey of 464 children and 359 parents in an elementary school in Tsukuba City, we found the following results. a) Parental restriction on children's outdoor activities was composed of three types of restrictions: restrictions of children's daily activities, shopping store visits, and visits to faraway areas. b) Parental restriction reduced the number of types, playmates and, places of children's outdoor play. c) The degree of parental restriction was affected by perceived danger of children's playgrounds and social relationships to neighbors. In conclusion, we discuss the role of the personal safety in town planning in balancing children's independent mobility and their safety.
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A Case Study of Saga City and Ogi City in Saga Lowland Area
Takuro Inohae, Tadashi Nagaie, Kazunori Hokao
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
85-90
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The main purpose of this study is to clarify relationships between changes of agricultural community, the regulations of the Urban Planning Act and the Agricultural Land Act, and urban configurations. At first, we analyzed changes of agricultural community by the using census data of agricultural community from 1990 to 2000 by using the Principal Component Analysis. Then, we classified the types of changes of agricultural community of Saga city and Ogi city in Saga Lowland Area. Then, we analyzed urban configurations of study area by using the Space Syntax Theory. Finally, we analyzed the relationships between the changes of agricultural community, sets of regulations and characteristics of urban configurations by using the Diacriminant Analysis. As a result, we pointed out that the declines of agricultural communities had relationship with designation of urbanization controlled area and accumulation of global integration value.
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A Case Study of the 4th Comprehensive Development Plan Making of Ama, Shimane
Ryo Yamazaki, Fumihiko Seta
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
91-96
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study attempts to clarify the public involvement process for the comprehensive plan making of a 2400-pupulation city Ama, Shimane and to analyze the conditions which make people independently act for the local community after the completion of the plan. The study clarifies the importance of building the community tied to a shared goal which is separated from the community bound by where people live, building plan-making teams of diversity in generation, gender and where people have lived, clarifying people's role such as a leader, a facilitator, a record keeper, when proceeding with plan making in order to make it easier for residents to start activities by themselves after the completion of the plan, starting developing the plan with the topic residents are most interested in, clarifying which department will support people's activities, clarifying how many people are needed to carry out each suggested plan.
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A case study at Airai village in Babeldaob Island
Akiko Iida, Midori Noguchi, Satoshi Osawa, Mikiko Ishikawa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
97-102
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims to clarify the cultural landscape of the traditional village of the Babeldaob Island in Micronesia. Airai village is chosen as a case site. The following three points were clarified. First, agroforestry such as Mekesokes, Chereomel, Mesei, and Sers are the main elements of cultural landscape of the village, which co-exist with the historical assets like old stone-paved road and traditional meetinghouse. Second, the agroforestry landscape has been maintained through the cultivation activities of horticulture, agriculture and arboriculture, and people also utilize the natural resources of the surrounding environments through plants collection, fishery and hunting. Third, the cultural landscape of the villages is the aggregation of the minute landscape units classified by land use based on micro-geography and human's livelihood. It seems that to identify the landscape units are the fundamental way for cultural landscape management or environmental management.
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Focus on its Policy Framework and Transitions
Ryo Nishikawa, Yukio Nishimura, Aya Kubota
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
103-108
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study focuses on the cultural routes programme of the Council of Europe and aims to clarify 1) the transition of the programme since its start and 2) the structure of the programme. As a results, the transition can be devided into 6 parts; the discussion on the cultural tourism (1960s); the discussion on the revitalization of the Santiago de Compostela pilgrim routes (1980s); the tools for the East and West Europe to be cooperated culturally (1989-1993); the first rule which reflects the Wien Declaration(1993-1997), the first resolution which requires all the cultural routes to establish networking association(1998-2007); the revised resolution which tighten the first resolution strictly(2008-). As for the structure of this programme, the Council of Europe, the Institute of Cultural Routes and each networking association work to enhance European cultural identity.
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Discussion and realization of the Masterplan, "Planwerk Innenstadt"
Naotaka Ota, Kenjiro Omura, Tomokazu Arita, Sayaka Fujii
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
109-114
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the issues of the center-rebuilding and the current urban planning in Berlin after reunification. The analysis is based on the comprehensive literature review and interviews with key persons. Main findings are as follows. 1) The debate about the regeneration for the former East-Berlin in the late 1990s led to the discussion of the identity of Berlin and the reconsideration of planners authority (the symbolic case was Hans Stimmann, Assistant Secretary to the Ministry of Urban Development). 2) The Masterplan (German: Planwerk Innenstadt) reflected political relations between east and west after the reunification. 3) The sociality becomes as important as spatial and morphological aspects for the discussion of Center-rebuilding in Berlin.
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A Basic Study on the Form Based Code in North American Zoning Control
Arata Endo
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
115-120
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to reveal the actual conditions of "Form District (FD)" regulation in the City of Louisville. FD is known as one of the "form-based code" regulations that are emerging in U.S. cities recently. FD is a kind of the zoning regulation that is defined in the Land Development Code of Louisville. However, it only controls a building form by using the prescriptive code. Density and land use regulations are separated from FD. FD is designated on citywide of Louisville Metro area. There are two significant contents in FD. One is the area design standard, and the other is the site design standard. New buildings that applied FD regulations are harmonized with their surround and strengthen the character of each district.
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Daniel Mabazza, Kohki Kikuchi, Mikiharu Arimura, Tohru Tamura
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
121-126
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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There are some fears and concerns about the question of its effects on population movement. P.Allen presented a dynamic model of central places based on the mutual interaction of the spatial distribution of population and employment opportunities. The model is developed in which the change in the population distribution of a region is linked to the employment pattern and this latter in tern to the population distribution through the concepts of central place theory. The results is a dynamic model of interacting urban centers in which the fluctuations of the system play a vital role, and with which the effect of an infrastructure decision can be estimated in the long term. In his study, using the P.Allen model, the effects of the implementation of free charge of expressways to the population transition in Hokkaido is estimated.
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Yukio Sadahiro
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
127-132
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Polygons are fundamental spatial objects used in GIS. This paper proposes a new exploratory method of analyzing the relations among polygons. The objectives of analysis are to understand the whole structure of the relations among polygons and to detect local patterns in the relations. A focus is on the hierarchical relations among polygons since spatial hierarchy is an essential concept in urban analysis. Using topological relations between a pair of polygons, this paper proposes graph representations that visualize the relations among more than two polygons. They allow us to analyze the relations among polygons at both global and local scales and to classify them in terms of the closeness of relations. The method is applied to analysis of the result of experiment in environmental psychology. Technical soundness of the method is discussed as well as empirical findings.
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Tohru Ohba
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
133-138
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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We propose a new method for evaluating residents' benefits from new constructions or by transfer of facilities that have the same attractiveness for the residents. First, a network Voronoi diagram is used to show the segments at the equidistant points to the two nearest facilities on a street network. Second, we propose a formula that estimates the sum total of shortest-path distances from each house to its nearest facility. Third, the difference in total distance with and without the construction is transformed to the present value of the reduction of travel time and cost by discount rate. Finally, a practical case study is shown using a street map and free software.
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Takehiro Kondo, Tohru Yoshikawa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
139-144
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this article is to verify to what extent the average travel time can be shortened by introducing multistage public transportation system and district centers. First, three urban models of which the formation of transportation and the location of the district centers are different are defined. Next, the average travel time on each travel purpose is formulated and the optimum locations of the district centers are obtained. Last, the urban model which minimizes the average travel time in a certain trip composition ratio is determined. As a result, the urban model with multistage public transportation system and district centers shows the shortest average travel time.
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A case study of JR Yamanote Line
Ken-ichi Tanaka, Takehiro Furuta
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
145-150
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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We construct a flow capturing location model for capturing railway passengers. Train passengers can access facilities located at the origin station and the destination station more easily than facilities located midway along the path. We assume that the decision maker can locate two types of facilities: smaller level 1 facilities with smaller construction cost and larger level 2 facilities with larger construction cost. Level 1 facilities can capture only travelers departing from or arriving at the stations where they are located while level 2 facilities can also attract travelers passing through them. The problem to seek the locations of both facilities which maximize the number of captured flows under the budget constraint is considered. Our model is applied to analyzing optimal facility locations using passenger flow data of JR Yamanote Line.
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Qingyue Kong, Akio Kondo, Masashi Okushima
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
151-156
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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It is known that physical activity can enhance our health, and the environment plays a role in the level of one`s daily physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to research the relationship between the amount of physical activity and environment feature. In this study, the amount of physical activity of residents in Tokushima urban area by transport behavior was measured using the data of Person Trip Surveys, which were carried out at 1983 and 2000. As one of the most important component of transport behavior activity, the bus use is discussed in detail. Compared with 1983, the average physical activity of all residents declines a lot in 2000. However, the physical activity of bus users declines just a little, and the percentage of recommendation criterion is about 50%, 2.5 times than the non-bus users. People living in a district where public transportation is convenient were associated with getting more physical activity.
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Kiyoshi Takahashi, Takashi Shikama
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
157-162
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper aims at reexamining the compact concept for which it waits from the field of city structure in this research. For the city in Europe and Hokkaido, a traffic situation is compared from the viewpoint of mobility. Furthermore, from the existing research, by applying the view of the triangle of Brotchie, city positioning is shown from two quantitative analyses, and the comparative analysis of the city structure is made. Consequently, with the city zone structure of Hokkaido, progress of urban sprawl became clear. Moreover, with European city structure, between OD of a place of work and a dwelling had dissociated from the city zone of Hokkaido, and it became clear that it is not overconcentration.
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The decision tree analysis for the trip purpose using time and space interpolated person trip survey data
Yasunobu Shimazaki, Yoshihide Sekimoto, Ryosuke Shibasaki
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
163-168
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Recently, applications of the person flow analysis for the recommendation got lots of attention. A person flow reflects the circulation, location of individuals and travel history based on individual interests. Prediction of the person trip purpose enables more effective recommendation. For the accurate prediction, personal attribute information is essential. In this study, we carried out the decision tree analysis for the prediction of trip purpose based on the characteristics of person trip and individual attribution, using time and space interpolated data of person trip survey. Accuracy of the decision tree analysis was improved according to the volume of personal attribute information (e.g. gender, age, occupation).
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Case Study on the Commission for the Future of Urban Structure of Kanto Region
Kentaro Akahoshi, Norimitsu Ishii, Takayuki Kishii
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
169-174
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This paper is a case study on the commission for the future of urban structure of Kanto Region. The government of Japan announced the basic policy of urban structure. It is recommended that the local government should try to change their urban structure to The Compact City. But many local governments could not begin the action to be the compact city. To make a breakthrough the situation, it is very useful the method of visualization of urban structure. We show the method of that, and the framework to propulsive movement of visualization of urban structure of Kanto Region.
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Keiichi Shirakawa, Tatsuro Sakano, Sanae Sugita
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
175-180
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Some scholars have argued that the right to control over land use activity for preservation of landscape should be established as private property rights. In contrast, others have argued that such right should be held publicly because residents' utility of preserving landscape have to be compared with non-residents' utility in order to maximize social welfare. Yoshida(2003) and his followers have argued that such right is neither privately nor socially held and should be exercised on the condition of existence of residents' mutual self-constraint about land use. Using the on-line survey, we prove that one's will to preserve the landscape and to cooperate the local collective choice are affected not by the perception of the size or historical value of the landscape itself, but by the perception of the range of beneficiaries or neighbors' cooperation.
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Focused on the development of the Leisure Space and Welfare Space in Keihin Waterfront Area in Yokohama City
Taku Nohara
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
181-186
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In the age of population declining in Japan, how to regenerate the urban developed space to make compact city is the important topic to consider. One of the biggest industrial waterfront area in Japan, "Keihin Industrial Area," is still active, but gradually declining, so we have to think the regeneration of these brown-field area. Before WW2, industrial spaces and amusement spaces were put together in the Keihin Area, but after the WW2 damage, mainly factories and these welfare institutions were increasing in this area, instead of amusement space. In the 1970's the welfare spaces were provided around the Industrial Area, but recently these are diminishing and only remain in the Industrial Area. these spaces in the area are useful with the modification of management system to regenerate the Waterfront Area for the worker's life and local people's activity.
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Comparative Analysis between Before and After Privatization of the Postal System on Residents' Utilization and Post Offices' Voluntary Services
Suguru Mori
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
187-192
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Japan started privatization of its postal system in 2007 under the 10-year privatization plan. In addition, it is planning that reorganization of the post offices especially in under-populated areas. In this study, we focused on the situation of post offices in Hokkaido before and after privatization from the viewpoint of the relation to local community. The questionnaire, the telephone interviews and the field survey were conducted in 2006 and 2008. As a result, following points were cleared; the post offices in under-populated areas have values as public property which contributes to social capital, and the location is important for residents and staffs to have communication each other and to keep the attachment on the post offices.
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Shinji Nojima
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
193-198
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The aim of this study is to clarify the planning of hierarchy of centres in UK, the process of formation of them, and the actual condition and management of them. The conclusions are as follows.1) The district centres were not constructed as planned, and the places where the shops were organically accumulated were designated as 'District Centre'later.2) At the district centres, the public transportations are integrated and there is mixed use of shops, a variety of facilities next to them.3) The neighbourhood centres are the places where the daily goods are supplied. The image of either of centre is clear.
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Yusuke Kimura, Keita Yamaguchi, Yoshiaki Kubota, Masashi Kawasaki
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
199-204
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The renewal plan of historic viaduct the High Line in New York was carried out mainly by activities of Friends of the High Line (FHL), a nonprofit group. They have overcome the difficulties regarding the consensus building and plan making. In this paper, we discussed the renewal process by focusing on relations among stakeholders, the concrete contents of an accepted renewal plan and FHL's way to show renewal advantages. Through the analysis of primary sources, we have been able to show that: (1) FHL had developed the renewal plan in cooperation with another nonprofit group. This plan indicated the renewal of surrounding area. It has been accepted by New York City Council and new Mayor. (2) This made FHL act as a planner. Then FHL shaped the plan and showed renewal advantages to stakeholders thorough the review of previous alternative plans.
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Focusing on the activities of the Mayors' Institute on City Design in the United States
Naoto Nakajima
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
205-210
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Arrival of a depopulating society and development of decentralization of power from central government to local governments require local cities and towns to recognize and refine their uniqueness and charms by urban design as public policies. In this situation, education for mayors about urban spaces and urban design is increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the whole experience of the Mayors' Institute on City Design as practical case of such education in United States. The philosophies and objectives of the institute, for example, attitude both as a 'teacher' and 'student', venue as demonstration of excellence in design, deserve further consideration, as well as its simple format of session and well-established partnerships with three organizations.
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Daisuke Abe
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
211-216
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This article focuses on a series of planning theories built by Ildefonso Cerda, who has been known as one of the most remarkable civil engineer-planners in the 19th century, and attempts to figure out difference and continuity among various theories starting from the City Construction Theory in 1859 toward the publication of the General Theory of Urbanization, the four-volume great work. In this process Cerda gradually changed the weight of the argument from the physical equality in a urban space to the administrative equality between different landowners defining the rights and duties. Cerda maintained or pursued his principle for political action as trade-off balance that was to harmonize the desirable vision with the achievable one when realizing his project.
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The Office of the Havana City Historian as the Main Developer of Tourism, Well-being Programs and Housing Problems
Tomoyuki Higuchi, Eiji Hato
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
217-222
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The Office of the Havana City Historian, the main developer of Old Havana now, was founded in 1938, as the heritage safeguarding labor. Economic crisis which had come in early 90's pushed the determination of the State which promoted to redevelop Old Havana as the area of tourism. In 1993, the Council of State passed the Law-Decree number 143 laying the grounds to transform the rehabilitation, from a state-subsidized activity, to a self-financing process which could even provide a share of the utilities to the national budget. The Office establishes it's self-financing mechanisms, and expands interventional strategy. This strategy is associated to the system of traditional centrality of Old Havana: the system of 5 main squares and small squares, whose apparent dispersion in the urban web will provide the reactivation of residential surroundings and the strengthening of habitat's services.
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Hajime Shimizu, Koji Takahashi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
223-228
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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According to a research on actual situation of war-related sites in southern area of Okinawa Island and Yaeyama area, several characteristics of war-related sites were found out. War-related sites without facts in actual battle or its damage tend to be neglected and those with battle or damage remains with some will of people. Specific issues of preservation and utilization were found to be the way to make balance of preservation and utiization and the sensitive way to deal with people and social group's involvement to war-related sites
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Yasushi Goto
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
229-234
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This article examined the traditional planning principles of Taipei as a traditional walled city, and analyzed reorganization process in the Taipei urban improvement under Japanese rule. The urban improvement destroyed traditional space constitution constructed with main building and the front street. However, as a result of chance, the wall considered to have been formed under the influence of feng shui became a part of the important street frame in the expansion process of the city. The street frame was built more positively than the street axis that directed Governor-General's Office.
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from the end of the 19th Century to 1945
Hui Li, Mikiko Ishikawa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
235-240
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical evolution of parks, open spaces and park system planning in Shenyang City China from the end of the 19th century to 1945. The following three periods are divided in this paper: the feudal period (-1904), the semi-colonial period (1905-1931), the colonial period (1931-1945). As a result of this study, scenic garden was constructed beside the river in the feudal period with the purpose of profit. In the semi-colonial period, the city was divided into three areas, and in the midst area the modern park was established as a symbol of civic center. In the colonial period, the comprehensive city and regional planning was introduced, and extensive park system was proposed in 1933. Following this city planning, in 1936 city and rural planning was established and green belt was designated surrounding the city for preventing urban sprawl. This park system became the fundamental asset of Shenyang.
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the process and purposes of two mountain development plans
Keita Yamaguchi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
241-246
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims at clarifying the process and the intention of the Park System Master Plan of Rokko Mountain around 1920-1930. This study shows concrete ideas of two Park System Plans which were published in 1930. Main conclusions are as flows. 1) Concerning the process of the planning, from the beginning of 1920s, civil engineers started arguing on a park system plan of Mt. Rokko, and finally Hyogo Prefecture Urban Research Society (HPURS) made a plan. Kazuo Mori, a engineer of Hyogo Prefecture, took a leadership in it. 2) The road network planning was regarded as important for the park system plan. And both trunk roads and walking roads mainly outside the area of Kobe city were planned by HPURS, and a dense road network in the area of Kobe city were planned by Kobe City. It was considered as most important to open scenic places to the public with conserving and improving them.
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Yoichi Imamura
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
247-252
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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Quite a lot of former military properties were left in Yokosuka City that was the naval port at the end of the World War II. It is known that they were converted to various usages according to the special plan named "Yokosuka City Tenkan-Jigyo-Keikaku" made in 1950. However, it is not known that the local government of Yokosuka City and the national government, that is, the Ministry of Finance were separately making the detailed conversion plans of the former military properties immediately after the end of the World War II. Then, I clarify the compositions and conversion ideas of three conversion plans that the local government of Yokosuka City and the national government made. In addition, I clarify the discrepancy of the conversion plans by comparing the conversion ideas of an individual former military property.
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Natsuki Ito, Junichiro Okata, Hideki Koizumi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
253-258
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In the population decreasing and serious aging society, a household reduction can be serious problem in local cities. To cope with this problem, it is necessary to overview the change of urban residential area based on both residential and spatial characteristics in district level. This research classifies residential area of Morioka from the viewpoint of population structure and spatial change in 1995 and 2005. As a result, the research found that building and tenure of housing exhibits a sectorial pattern and that the change of population structure is related to the spatial characteristics of district. Classification shows that areas with old detached owned houses show less population structure change and few constructions. Promoting relocation and improving living environment for elderly people might be needed in these areas.
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A Case Study in Maebashi City
Chiharu Tanaka, Akira Yuzawa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
259-264
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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There are problems of the housing policy in local city which are the depopulation in city center, the aging of the household and lowering of the living environment in suburban. It is necessary to clarify the moving structure of the household changing the socioeconomics such as the depopulation and the aging in order to examine the housing policy. The purpose of this study is to clarify the removal intension between the city center and the suburb changing the life stage of the household. As the result, it was shown that the young generations were high transferability from city center to suburb, and the elderly generations were from suburb to city center.
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Tatsuya Nishiyama, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bumpei Nakade, Shu Higuchi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
265-271
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This study aims to clarify the possibility of reverse area designation and release of specific reservation area to the district in Urbanization Promotion Area where the improvement of infrastructure have not been started over a long period of time in the cities where Area Division are introduced. Additionally, we clarify the problem of the technique to reduce the urban area. As a result, we clarify the followings. The reason why the district exists is the problem in the operation of Area Division system. And reverse area designation depends on the operation of the Area Division. When 3411 ordinances are applied to the districts, a proper development permission system cannot be operated. On the other hand, the characteristic of the farmland influences the possibility of designating the Agricultural Promotion Farmland Area in the district.
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Case Study of A block in Nerima City
Atsuko Sakai, Tatsuo Akashi, Junichiro Ookata, Hideki Koizumi
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
271-276
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In this study, I was aimed at clarifying the formation mechanism of the block mixed with housing and farmland. As a study example, I used a house map and a land-register map and caught space and a change of the use and I grasped a change of the possession by a register certified copy and analyzed one block including city farmland. The inheritance and the relationship of the share writing brush are not particularly strong as result, but the space use changes even if the possession is not replaced. In addition, the large-scale landowner understood a thing in the tendency that the collection communalized the landholding. Furthermore, I understood that the productive Greenland system was effective in making possession the collection from the chilling effects of the inheritance tax.
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Makoto Tsukai, Masashi Kuwano
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
277-282
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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In the middle-mountainous area, the population and the life-related facilities are decreased. Due to the shortage in the local tax revenue, the mobility support for the senior inhabitants or facilitating new commodity shops cannot be financially acceptable. The various policies to enhance the life-related convenience and the demand responded transport system in the area were introduced, however, the residential relocation policy is hardly considered. The purpose of this study is to clarify the conditions for a move in terms of the individual household in the middle-mountainous area. The relationship between the willingness in move and the conditions for a move is analyzed in order to discuss the relocation of residential area. The combination of several conditions about the residential area will make ease in the household move by applying the statistical model analysis.
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A Case of Lusaka, Zambia
Haruka Ono, Tetsuo Kidokoro, Norihisa Shima, Kozue Kashiwazaki, Minsun ...
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
283-288
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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How can the land right affect the urban poor women? This paper examines the relationship between the land right and women's empowerment using survey date form the compound in Lusaka, Zambia, where 30-year occupancy license has been issued to residents from 1979. It presents evidence that land ownership has changed and more women than expected own land especially by inheritance from father, or by acquisition from local authority. It also indicates that women's land rights have a positive effect on women's empowerment: more women participate in family decision-making. Further, women's empowerment leads to good living condition: more households have water tap. But because of women's low-income, their access to the land right, and its influence on women's empowerment is limited.
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in case of the art projects held in Mukojima area in Sumida district
Yoshihiro Arakawa, Yosuke Mano
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
289-294
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to clear the features and the role of the art projects held by gathering the area activities in case of the art projects in Mukojima area. Their features are as follows.1) They are managed by another organizations every time.2) They are held by the cooperation with organizations in the area.3) People made good use of the building stocks in the area to make their footholds. The features and the supporter system derived cultural activities, which are independent from the art projects as management and program. And they made a opportunity for people who hope to have relationship with area and they clear the needs of the area by the cultural activities.
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Naoko Kuriyama, Koichi Miwa
2010 Volume 45.3 Pages
295-300
Published: October 25, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017
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This report is to classify the contents of WAT_Kobe 2009, the international workshop of urban landscape and the environment in Kobe UNESCO City of Design. This workshop was managed by Kobe City, Kobe University, Kobe Design University, and nine foreign universities from seven countries in CUPEUM network. We write mainly three parts. The first one is what UNESCO's Creative Cities Network and Kobe UNESCO City of Design have worked so far. The second one is the detail of WAT_Kobe; process, curriculum, members, projects and so on. The third one is the evaluation by the participants in WAT_Kobe 2009. As a conclusion, we clarify the significance of this international workshop.
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