Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan

A Study on the Transition of Roads and Blocks and Temples in Taito City of Metropolitan Tokyo

Case Studies of all Territory of Taito City and Yanaka / Asakusa Districts

Katsue Kitaoka, Masaru Miyawaki

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 1-10
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.1

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This study analyses the historic townscape of Taito City in Tokyo. This research is based on 88 historic maps, 3 fire insurance maps, and the street registry list to observe streets, blocks and temples. Taito City has the highest presence of temples. The conclusion is as followings; 1) In the whole Taito City, there is a 2 percent of block, built during the Edo period that is still left as they were originally built. These blocks are situated in the Yanaka district of Taito City. 2) After the Great Kanto Earthquake, 71 percent of the blocks have changed due to reconstruction projects. 3) The percentage of temples that remained from Edo period is to 46 percent in Taito City.

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A Study on Modern History of Fireproof District and Communal Buildings after Great Kanto Earthquake in Tokyo

Madoka Kayanoki, Hirohisa Ito

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 11-18
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.11

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This paper seeks to clarify that the changing process of urban fire prevention countermeasures with fireproof zoning, from Meiji Era to after Great Kanto earthquake in Tokyo. In latter part, it is explained that the communal buildings (Kyodo Kenchiku) constructed after the earthquake disaster with the subsidy for fireproof buildings, and became one of the most effective methods to generalize the fireproof buildings on small and narrow sites often occurred by land reallocation of the reconstructing plan.

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A Study on Call-in Policy for Retail Development in England

Tatsuo Akashi, Michiko Banba

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 19-24
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.19

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“Call-in” is a part of the UK planning system relating to intervention by the national government. The Secretary of State may call applications for planning permission in for his own determination instead of leaving the decision to the local authority. Surprisingly to Japanese common sense, not a few call-in cases including large scale retail stores have been executed every year. Why can the national government really intervene in local authority's decision on such individual developments. The authors try to answer the question, and demonstrate the substantial reasons that proper in the UK. Moreover, the authors indicate that the most fundamental reason is that local governments in the UK do not have general competence including planning administration, which is completely different from Japan.

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Judicial Control of Planning Discretion and Issues for Institutional Reform of City Planning Litigation and City Planning

A Case Study on a Tokyo High Court Decision Regarding Alteration of City Planning Road in Ito City

Kota Kawasaki

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 25-33
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.25

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This study examines a Tokyo High Court decision regarding a case involving the alteration of a city planning road in Ito City. The judicial decision ruled alteration of the city planning to be illegal because it did not rationally take into consideration the actual conditions and prospects on the basis of the proper basic city planning survey. This study discusses the application of the methodology controlling planning discretion, the so-called "decision-making process control," the obligation to conduct a reasonable survey by administrative organizations, and the requirement to claim and establish proof by administrative organizations. This study points out the need for the institutionalization of special legal proceedings for making the city planning decision itself the target of the lawsuit by enriching the planning process. Furthermore, as an issue to be considered for the institutional reform of city planning, it proposes the need for enriching basic city planning survey and making the city planning decision-making process clear objectively.

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A Development of Quantitative Evaluation Method for Capability of Community-based Disaster Mitigation Focused on Neighborhood Community Association

Yoshimizu Gohnai, Akira Ohgai, Shinji Ikaruga, Takaaki Kato, Keiichiro ...

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 34-40
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.34

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This study tries to develop an evaluation method for capability of community-based disaster mitigation focused on neighborhood community association, as a tool for supporting community-based planning for disaster mitigation. This paper is arranged as follows; 1) We tried to compile a basic framework of evaluation viewpoint, item and index based on the results from previous researches and hearing investigation of experts in community-based planning for disaster mitigation. 2) The relationship of the compiled evaluation item and index were quantitatively constructed by ISM. Additionally, the weight of the constructed evaluation item and index were set by AHP. Moreover, the influences of the evaluation item were confirmed by DEMATEL method. 3) The developed method was probatively applied to neighborhood community association in Toyohashi city. Based on the evaluation result, the characteristics of the developed method were discussed.

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Dependency between the results yielded by different two methods for analyzing the spatial distribution of points

comparisons between the nearest-neighbor distance and quadrat methods assuming complete spatial randomness

Atsushi Masuyama

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 41-49
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.41

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This paper makes comparisons between the nearest-neighbor distance and quadrat methods, both of which are used for analyzing the pattern of the spatial distribution of a given set of points, in terms of the degree to which the results yielded by the methods are mutually dependent. First, we discuss the conditions that should be satisfied if the two methods always yield exactly the same results. Second, based on the discussion, we develop a Monte-Carlo-simulation-based method for examining whether the conditions hold. Third, by using the method, we show that the conditions do not hold and that the nearest-neighbor distance and quadrat methods quite frequently yield different results, which may be totally opposite. We however also show that the results are mutually dependent to a certain extent. Fourth, we develop indices for quantifying the extent, and show that the indices are very low irrespective of parameters used in analysis. Finally, we conclude with suggestions for future study.

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A Study on Neighborhood Agreements 'Sangen-kyoutei' of Toda City Townscape Ordinance

From the Viewpoint of the Spread and the Effect of Streetscape Improvement

Chikako Suzuki, Takeru Kitazawa, Yukio Nishimura

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 50-57
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.50

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This paper aims to clarify the problems of Neighborhood Agreements, which is called 'Sangen-kyoutei' in Toda city, from the viewpoint of the spread and the effect of streetscape improvement. The results are as follows;(1) Neighborhood Agreements were hardly used for streetscape improvement consisting of the old buildings, without any cooperation. (2) All agreements were concerning planting, and there was no agreement concerning the building and the construction thing. (3) The subsidy is not a system corresponding to the agreement conclusion in four or more. (4) Streetscape improvement was carried out cooperatively by the agreement member when there was a specific problem concerning the streetscape.

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A Study on Substantive Control over City Planning Based on the Principle of Consistency between Plans

A Case Study on the Administrative Litigation Case Regarding Approval of the City Planning Project for Tokyo Ring Road No.6

Kota Kawasaki

2008 Volume 43.2 Pages 58-64
Published: October 25, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: January 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.43.2.58

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This study discusses the possibility of substantive control over city planning based on the principle of consistency between plans by examining the administrative litigation case regarding approval of the city planning project for Tokyo Ring Road No.6 in which the point at issue was compliance between city planning and pollution prevention plan. This study concludes that "compliance" can be legally interpreted to mean prohibition of the prevention as dictated by the Supreme Court even though the criteria for that judgment have yet to be made clear, and that city planning is to be judged on the requirement of the "compliance" provision even if it was decided based on the former City Planning Law. Lastly, this study proposes that Master Plan for City Planning Area and Municipal Master Plan are effective for substantial control over city planning based on the principle of consistency between plans.

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