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In Oku-eigenji district, Higashioumi City, Shiga Prefecture
Shinya Kimura, Shuichi Murakami
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
151-156
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The objectives of this study are to figure out, a) features of tea plantation landscape in Oku-eigenji district, Higashiomi city, Shiga prefecture, b) ways of living sustaining the landscape, and c) problems happening to the livings, as a typical case of Japanese mountain region. It becomes clear that, a) small tea plantations are interspersed among houses, grass fields, rice fields, and vegetable gardens, b) traditional skills have been used for taking care of tea trees and the fields surrounding tea plantations have been maintained closely, c) abandoned tea plantations have been increasing because of aging of their owners, damages by deers on tea trees, anddiscouragement by declining prices of tea.
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Focus on conscious of rural resident and visitor
Takashi Seino, Atsushi Kawasumi, Satoshi Aoyagi, Shutaro Koyama
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
157-162
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to consider a role of the farm stands in Yamakoshi Distrct on the process of rehabilitation from Chuetsu earthquake disaster. In conclusion, We can grasp the character of Yamakoshi farm stands; member, operation, policy, usage, etc. and the conscious of staff and user of the farm stands through the result of investigations. It is considered that Yamakoshi farm stands have the following three roles of the farm stands in Yamakoshi District. The Yamakoshi farm stands are the places for exchange between local residents and visitors, the places for promoting the agricultural products and the places for cooperation of settlements and district.
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Takayuki Kumazawa
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
163-168
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this study, a relationship between city planning system in United Kingdom and design review in Wales was analyzed by design review reports, hearing from design review panels and an author's experience as an observer in design review, besides factors toward effective use of design review without legal binding force were investigated. The results demonstrated followings; 1) design review reports contributed to discretional act by planning officers in local authority, planning committee, and inspectors; 2) design review panels were leading applicant's planning design towards an optimal solution by using of outstanding negotiating skill; 3) design review panels were carrying out special training to raise experts skills for planning officers in local authority, planning committee, and inspectors with university professors and designers in DCFW, besides sharing urban design while resolving problems in practice.
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Support system for local authorit design review
Aya Sakai
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
169-174
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper explores the establishment of support system for local authorities to set up design review system and to network between them in England to discuss on how to initiate support system for Japanese local authorities who are searching for knowledge and information in terms of reviewing development projects under Landscape Plan, and how to manage the design review system sustainably. By closely looking at the CABEs work as a support system and its initiatives to make networks between design review panels, this paper finds the central think tank launched by the government, CABE, worked as the distribution centre of their information and analysis through publications and internet and then to assist to network design review systems established in each local levels. Although the central organisation ceasing now, the system and network are working to sustain design review system in local authorities.
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A case report of the repair color design focusing on the historical transition and the industrial factor
Yosuke Akimoto, Masami Kobayashi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
175-180
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In the Edo period, there used to be a lively color scape, the speeding race ships and many crews in red costumes created a beautiful contrast against the riverside whitewashed warehouses in the Port of Osaka. Today, there is a wide variety of colors and designs, but present environmental colors lose the sense of direction. The purpose of this study is to understand the landscape elements and its component colors such as ships, containers, warehouses, terminals and bridges by focusing on historical transition of color by literature review, field and interview survey. The unique feature in each site which is clarified in this practical report on the public warehouse and passenger terminal give clues of the color design. This research analysis makes it possible to propose the future perspective of design for facilities in the port.
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A Case Study in Saitama city
Heejin Kim, Aiji Tsuchiya
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
181-186
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The Landscape Act came into force on June 2005, and local government with landscape plan has been increasing year by year. Each landscape plan includes planning negotiation system of buildings and structures. This study focuses on planning negotiation system of buildings. The purpose of the study is to clarify effect that buildings under planning negotiation system have an influence on the entire street landscape. Firstly some districts are selected by the number of buildings under planning negotiation system. Secondly quantitative research is performed in each district. Finally an analysis about subjective opinions is performed with semantic differential technique, and the two methods are compared.
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Yu Okamura
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
187-192
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper focuses on Townscape Heritage Initiative, which is one of the most influential conservation led regeneration scheme in terms of finance and eligible project. THI has been funded by heritage lottery Fund raised through National Lottery and been applied in more than 200 conservation areas all over UK since 1998. HLF makes grants to each local common fund, which is normally organized by public private partnership project team including a local authority up to 2 million pounds within 5 years in order not only to conserve the integrity of historical environment and townscape but also to accomplish sustainable economical and social development. Therefore a variety projects such as development on the gap site and bringing vacant historic floor space back into use can also be carried out in THI scheme.
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In Case of Daishoji District, Kaga City
Hiroki Maegawa, Fumihiko Kobayashi, Mitsuhiko Kawakami
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
193-198
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In recent years, community based historic conservation has come to work. It came to be thought that it is necessary to conserve various cultural heritages in the local area. The charm in the local area improves by conservation of cultural heritages from the aspect of community development. To inherit various cultural heritages in the local area, various actors in addition to the administration should play a role. In this study, the process of community based historic conservation that works by various actors in Daishoji is clarified. In addition, the achievement factor of community based historic conservation in Daishoji is clarified from the viewpoint of the relationship between actors, cultural heritage diversity and measures.
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In examples with Land Classification in Japan, Land Suitability Assessment in Korea and Landscape Character Assessment in UK
Kyungrock Ye
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
199-204
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to clarifying the way of the Land Suitability Assessment for the sustainable land use management in Japan. Especially, this paper pays attention to the method of 'Land Characterization', which is a scientific approach to analyze the potentials and the characteristics of land by compared with similar methods of overseas and of domestic. With the examples, which are Land Classification of Japan, Land Suitability Assessment of Korea and Landscape Character Assessment of the U.K., it suggests the desirable way of Land use management and effective methodology of Land suitability assessment in Japan for the future.
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The Comparative analyses on the definition of the ELC, constitutions, and legislations in Europe
Masaru Miyawaki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
205-210
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The concept of a "Landscape" developed as one of major policy after the European Landscape Convention in Europe. The definition is very important to understand what is a "Landscape" and how to manage it. This study concerns about the definitions in the approval process of the ELC, and legislative definitions in the every country after the sign of the ELC. The conclusions indicate the clear relationships between the ELC and legislations of European countries. The main effect of ELC is the referable potential in the legislative application for every country. A "Landscape" is an area, as perceived by people, means the promotion of the democratic governance for integration between the protection, management and planning of landscapes.
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A Case of the City of Saint Jean de Luz
Kumi Eguchi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
211-216
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper clarifies the objective of the Grenelle 2 Act and the practice of the Area of Application of the Architecture and the Heritage (AVAP) in the city of Saint Jean de Luz (SJL) by comparing the Zone of Protection of the Architectural, Urban and Landscape Heritage (ZPPAUP). As a result, the Grenelle 2 Act was established to promote the decentralization by limiting the power of the Architects of Buildings of France (ABF) and the governor of the region. And the city of SJL realized the independent AVAP faster than the procedure of the ZPPAUP because it prevented the participation of the ABF to the work group through all the procedure and kept the leadership of the city.
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A case study of Yokohama city
Daisuke Matsui, Aya Kubota, Yukio Nishimura, Nobuharu Suzuki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
217-222
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Recently, the modern architectures in urban spaces have been destroyed successively. How to regard the owners' approvals is a critical issue for the conservation. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the system and issues of registration of buildings without owners' approval. In Yokohama, since the municipality was anxious about infringement of private property, they established the system without regulations and announcements of the name of the registered building. In addition, this system brought some effects as follows, grasping situations of more buildings, using for strategic urban policy, enlightening owners and citizens. However, since it is legal for the official announcement, we should consider the system including discussion about methods of regulations and risks of announcements.
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A Case of Nara-mach
Tomoko Tani, Kaori Ito
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
223-228
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The aim of this paper is to measure and identify the citizens' evaluation of traditional Machiya in Nara-machi and the conservation strategies of them. The local residents and shop owners were asked to compare the value elements and conservation strategies, and they were also asked hypothetical questions regarding their WTP for conservation. We measured their evaluation using CVM, and identified the value components and the evaluated conservation strategies using AHP. The comparison among the citizen groups with different attributes was made, as well as with the visitors. Our major findings are: (1) their evaluation of Machiya in Nara-machi is lower than previous case studies in Kyoto and Kanazawa; (2) acknowledgement of cultural value is expected to motivate people's WTP; (3) "conserving facades and modernizing interior" strategy is thought to be important, though another alternative is expected to be important from cultural value.
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Cooperation among Land-use, Transportation and Transit Services
Daisuke Sunaga, Miki Muraki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
229-234
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The high Auto-dependency rate in the regional cities caused negative impact to our urban forms in Japan. This paper deals with Transit- Oriented Development in the three metropolitan areas in the State of Oregon, and attempts to clarify the issues and practice of TOD policies. The difference between planning structure of Metro and the other MPOs is the absence of regional planning authority, and it is negatively affected to the coordination of land use in their regions, however, all the authorities equally have TOD policies under the statewide goals. To focus the transit services, we identified that the revenue of transit districts are highly rely on the Payroll tax. From the study, local authorities are carefully considered the way of cooperation between member local authorities, high standard of public transit services and sufficient incentives in TOD area which the market deemed value.
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The Case of Saitama City
Takahiro Ishigami, Hiromitsu Yajima, Aiji Tsuchiya
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
235-240
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Authorized road plans by the urban planning law are currently reviewed and deliberated nationally. However, they do not always respond to current social needs. Neither do they respond to problem of building restrictions for routes that remain in plans for a long time. This paper analyzes these problems in terms of planning process, proposes measures to cope with these problems based on existing legal systems, and examines ways to apply these measures and issues that could arise in our country using a case study of Saitama City. In conclusion, it recommends a system that enables updating a basis for authorized road network by developing a road network plan (underlaying plan) to realize urban formation strategy and linking it to authorized road network. Finally, it develops a planning framework which coordinates different policy areas including transportation and land-use at urban formation strategy level and streamlines environmental burdens and social costs.
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Eri Uemura, Eiji Hato
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
241-246
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this study, we made an analysis of pedestrian activities about walking route and speed in Sapporo by using Probe Person data in order to understand their travel contexts. The central area in Sapporo constructed by rectangular grid streets, we tried to consider their effects for pedestrian route choice. Then, we found the different tendencies of pedestrian route choice by their activity purposes, and of walking speed by the walking directions. We built a pedestrian activity model making choices both walking route and speed at the crossing. By using this model, we also simulated changes in choosing walking route and speed by widening sidewalks.
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Hiroshi Tatsumi, Kayoko Tsutsumi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
247-252
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to grasp the situation of utilization and consciousness of the transport smart card system, and to propose the utilization promotion measures. First, the questionnaire survey was carried out in Fukuoka City. Then the following was analyzed: Possession situation and situation of utilization of transport smart card were analyzed, and the consciousness for the transport smart card system was analyzed. Next, the situation of the charge of cash and interchangeable utilization were analyzed, and the satisfaction degree of the transport smart card system was also analyzed. Furthermore, the analysis on the consciousness of the people who do not possess the transport smart card was carried out.
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Misuzu Kozuka, Jun Mitera, Yoshiaki Honda
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
253-258
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In the present, cross-border daily activities and an economic activity are performed. In order to promote the integrated community improvement over an administration boundary, it is necessary to road improvement of prefectural border regions. This paper aims to make clear cross-border cooperation between border municipalities and expected effects to road improvement of prefectural border municipalities. The questionnaire survey of two times was carried out for prefectural border municipalities. The first, problems concerning road improvement of prefectural border municipalities was analyzed. The second, expected effects to road improvement was evaluated quantitatively by analytic hierarchy process. Finally, prefectural border municipalities were classified into three groups by cluster analysis. Then, it shows relation between each groups and expected effects to road improvement of prefectural border municipalities.
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In Case of Mothers with Infants Living in Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Nobuaki Ohmori, Ayako Taniguchi, Rikutaro Manabe, Yoshinori Terauchi, ...
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
259-264
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In an aging society with fewer children, promoting an environment that allows children, pregnant women, and parents of babies and young children to participate in out-of-home activities safely, securely and in comfort, and as a measure to solve the low birthrate issue, is growing more important. This study focuses on barriers encountered by parents with infants and young children when conducting daily activities including out-of-home activities. We conducted a questionnaire survey for a total of 1,000 women with infants and young children living in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. We found differences in their travel mode and frequency, and attitude towards barriers for out-of-home activity participation among living areas and individual/household characteristics such as working mother or not, numbers and years of children, years of raising child, household structures, etc.
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Anabel Abuzo, Yasunori Muromachi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
265-270
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this study, we investigated fuel economy and the effectiveness of Ecodriving programs in developing (Manila) and developed (Tokyo) countries. We especially focused on the driver's characteristics including psychological aspects among other factors influencing fuel economy and the outcome of Ecodriving programs. First, we demonstrated that the Ecodriving program was effective in urban areas in developing countries such as Manila. Second, we developed common psychological measurements that were applicable to both Tokyo and Manila drivers. With respect to driver's psychological aspects, we found rough driving influenced absolute fuel economy in Tokyo negatively. If we are to know the psychological and non-psychological characteristics of the participants of the Ecodriving program in advance, we might be able to improve the program by incorporating those characteristics.
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Itsumi Saito, Eiji Hato
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
271-276
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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A mobility sharing system is widely spread, especially in Europe. In Japan, the number of this system is increasing by information and communication technology. However, it is difficult to manage the demand of this system because of complicated demand characteristics. To design the efficient sharing system, it is necessary to understand users' decision-making in a deeper way in respect of long-term decision-making(participation choice) and short-term decision-making (usage choice). In this paper, using stated preference data and probe person data, we challenged to demonstrate the relationship between participation choice and usage choice. In the result, there is a heterogeneity in long-term and short-term choice by the frequency of visiting the area existing sharing port.
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Yoichi Imamura
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
277-282
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the conversion plan of former military grounds in the reconstruction plan of cities that formerly served as naval ports and the land use of former military grounds at the middle of the 1970's in Yokosuka City. Former military grounds had been planned to convert to the three huge factory sites, four huge residential lands, several open spaces, and some schools in the reconstruction plan. At the middle of the 1970's, former military grounds had become a huge industrial site at the Oppama area. A lot of former military grounds had been used as the elementary schools or the junior high schools. The large-scale open spaces in the north and central area of the city had been converted from former military grounds.
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Naoto Nakajima
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
283-288
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to discuss about the existence and the substance of "city planning project coordinator" based on the career and works of Shoji Negishi. He shaped his career by the on-the-job learning in some land readjustment projects. The range of his works, including negotiation, publicity and management, was wide and something creative and personal. In the Ikebukuro east side underground mall and parking project, he offered great flexibility and political intelligence in response to the progress of the project. The existence of "person of city planning project" was closely tied to the traditional character of Japanese city planning, which was supported not by planning activities in public sector, but by collaborative ventures of private land owners.
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Process of Construction with Ginkyo Trees and its Stakeholders
Yoshiro Ono, Kentaro Maeda, Jun'ichiro Ishida
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
289-294
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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A street named Mido-suji in Osaka city was designed and constructed from northern Hankyu station(Osaka St.) to southern Namba Station as the main street of city planning in 1920's. The trees lining the street were also designed in order to purify the polluted air in urban area. Recently, Ginkgo trees are planted along the street Mido-suji and the landscape of lined trees becomes the symbolic scene of Osaka. However, in the first stage of the construction of Mido-suji street, the plane trees(Platanes) were planted in the northern area and the Ginkgo trees were lined in southern parts. In this paper, the designed plans, concerte works of street trees in Mido-suji and the stakeholders on the construction were discussed based upon the archives on city planning of Osaka.
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Norioki Ishimaru
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
295-300
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper aims to study several planning ideas proposed by Australian lieutenant S. A. Jervie as a planning adviser to Hiroshima Reconstruction Planning, One of planning ideas is related to preserving of peace memorial monuments. One more planning idea is related to Hiroshima whole plan, so called whole municipal Jervie Plan. Other one of planning ideas is related to land readjustment plan of Hakushima District, so called Hakushima Jervie Plan. Another planning idea is related to design concept of Peace Memorial Park competition. Those are advanced and enlightening idea to Hiroshima citizen in those days, then some plays the leading role, for example in reserving Atomic Bombed Dome, but on the other hand some is rebelled by the persons concerned.
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In case of Hakusan City, Nomi City and the Komatsu City in Ishikawa Prefecture
Toshimitsu Mashima, Mitsuhiko Kawakami, Masahiro Rachi, Masahiro Katag ...
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
301-306
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper studies about the adjustment of the land use control in the suburban area of adjacent cities between adopted different planning tools after city planning area reorganization caused by merger of municipalities. After analyzing the change of population and the development trend, process of the reorganization and policy of the land use control about Hakusan City, Nomi City and Komatsu City in Ishikawa Prefecture are clarified. In conclusion, land use control gaps are adjusted in a certain level by using Specific Usage Limitation Area and Development Ordinances, which is led by Prefecture government, and introduction of a new adjustment system is necessary, which could support wider area coordination by the Prefecture government.
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A case study on Miyoshi City
Marin Tominaga, Michio Ubaura
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
307-312
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The aim of this study is to analyze the trend of ordinances including the regulation of land use exempt from The City Planning Law and clarify the effects and problems of such ordinances through a case study on Miyoshi City. The ordinance in Miyoshi City is marked by requiring all area of land use to apply the plan and control their location. We found out some effects and problems of controlling open-air land use by the ordinance as follows, 1) the developments applied through the procedure of the ordinance are controlled their location based on the plan and it can be effective in preventing problems related developments, 2) there is open-air land use constrained in residential area by the ordinance, 3) the developments tend to gather in areas which are not strictly-regulated, 4) it may cause extensive land use without any standard for the form in the ordinance.
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Based on Underused Land Database Using House Map in 37 Cities at 3 Point in Time
Shotaro Abe, Dai Nakagawa, Ryoji Matsunaka, Tetsuharu Oba
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
313-318
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Recently, the increase of underused land such as outdoor parking lots and vacant area has been a serious problem in the central area of local city. However, secular change of underused land has not been clarified on a nationwide scale. In this study, we constructed the data of underused land using house map on GIS to understand the change of distribution and land use regarding underused land in the central areas of 37 cities at 3 point in time. Result showed that, total area of underused land was increased in recent years. And, underused land area per lot became large in cities where underused land area was decreased from 1995 to 2005. Then, underused land is distributed close to each other. In addition, the change of distribution depended on whether underused land has been increased or decreased. Lastly, integration of underused land is important when it is utilized.
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A case study at the plantations and the bauxite mining lands on the Babeldaob Island, the Republic of Palau
Akiko Iida, Satoshi Osawa, Mikiko Ishikawa
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
319-324
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the past and present conditions of the plantations and the bauxite mining landson the Babeldaob Island, the Republic of Palau, where was the Japanese colony before the WWII. In 1940, 1,671people lived in the four plantation villages of 2,236 ha. They cultivated mainly pineapples and cassavas and sold themto Japan; however deforestation and overharvesting by Japanese have still influenced the current vegetation and aninvasive spice Falcataria moluccana introduced by Japanese has affected the native species. Besides, there were twobauxite mining sites of 106 ha that were the biggest industry of the island. Although the areas were not large, thesedimentation from the mining sites was large amount and it affected not only the terrestrial and coastal environment,but also Palauan villages, too. Since both development sites were located along the water system, influences on thenatural and social environment were spread over the watershed long time.
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An analysis regarding Regional Characteristics and Measures supporting "UJI-turn" Migration
Takeshi Suzuki, Jun Morio, Hisao Uchiyama, Shintaro Terabe
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
325-330
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The study focuses on "UJI-turn" migration in Hiroshima prefecture and illustrates relationship between regional characteristics and measures supporting "UJI-turn" migration. The study tries 1) to examine the actual state of "UJI-turn" migration in Hiroshima prefecture, 2) to analyze "UJI-turn" migration ratio using regional socioeconomic indices and 3) to find out how the measures supporting "UJI-turn" migration contribute to the promotion.
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In Case of Iwaki-shi Miwa town
Mitsuhiro Saito
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
331-336
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this paper is to report the program of community planning by the residents looking at the unit, oaza in Iwaki-shi Miwa town that is the rural area, and to clear the spatial and social characteristics. Then this paper investigate the problems of the basic concept of community planning based on improve of the living environment and the regional development. In cooperation with universities and region, it has revealed the spatial and the social characteristics looking at the unit, oaza, and the relations between them. Residents grasp the spatial elements as the place of history, tradition, event, interaction and so on in the daily life and the productive activity. And its characteristics become the outline of basic concept, so they are the elements of community planning as appeal and property inside and outside the district. Furthermore, it was able to show that the unit, oaza function as the unit of community planning.
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Basic Study for Systematic Understanding of Regional Development Policy of Russia
Hirofumi Arai
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
337-342
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The eastern region of Russia covers huge territory with low density of population. The federal government implements measures for its development based on several policy documents, like Strategies and Federal Target Programs on specific areas or sectors (i.e. transport, energy etc.). This paper examines characteristics and roles of key documents and tries to provide a clear understanding over the system of the policy documents. Although the Economic and Social Development Program of the Far East and Zabaikalie Region has been regarded as the most fundamental and comprehensive one for this region since mid-'90s, its current version deals mainly local-level projects. Meanwhile, some other policy documents developed recently draw basic structure of the region, identifying infrastructure projects of the federal-level significance.
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Case study of the national policy about international competitiveness of metropolitan area in France
Kentaro Akahoshi, Norihiko Kodama, Yusuke Nakada, Takanori Isogai
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
343-348
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In France, the Act of Grand Paris is established in June, 2010, as a social and economical city planning of the Paris and Île-de-France region in order to embody the national profit. Besides, the leading position of national government toward enhancing the international competitiveness of urban area is put forward. Similarly, the Japanese central government promotes the formulation of strategy in order to enhance the international competitiveness of metropolitan region. We describe the structure of the commitment of national government, acquirement of consistency among several plans and effective security, broad-based coordination between national government and related regional governments and the specific method and actual conditions of speeding up the administrative procedure.
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Daming Xu, Kakuya Matsushima, Kiyoshi Kobayashi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
349-354
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this paper, a two countries model is formulated to investigate the global production-trade patters including outsourcing behavior emerged by the location behaviors of multi-national enterprises. Two countries are characterized by heterogeneous labor productivities. The multi-national enterprises, heterogeneous in productivities, are supposed to provide the differentiated commodities in the monopolistically competitive global market. They determine production locations in the global economy. The comparative static analysis is carried out to investigate the impacts of global infrastructure arrangement, associated with the decrease of transportation costs, upon the optimal production-trade patterns in the economy.
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Focusing on the Innovative Cluster Policy in Korea
Hwajin Lim, Tetsuo Kidokoro, Takashi Onishi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
355-360
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this study, we discussed the latest policies for city-regions and spatial unit for regional planning in Korea, and overviewed the knowledge exchange activities as associated infrastructure in the knowledge economy. An analytical methodology, network analysis of joint patent was used. From analysis, it was found out that spatial unit for regional planning and the existing spatial distribution of knowledge exchange are different. In addition, the typology of spatial distribution was also found according to the characteristics of each cluster. In the future, based on these results, considering the reasonable setting of the regional units, the point of view about regional governance and planning which is better adopted wide-area network-based activities is desirable.
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Agricultural-commercial-industrial collaborations used Regional Resources
Katsutoshi Kato
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
361-366
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The objective of this paper is to clarify the functional enhancement of Regional Industrial Supporting Organizations (ISOs) for agricultural-commercial-industrial collaborations. The conclusion of this research is as follows. The ISOs are located on the area approved as an industrial location policy. The role of the coordination function has risen in the ISOs for agricultural-commercial-industrial collaborations. The corporate behavior changes from technology oriented to network of resources, and coordination function for large area is needed. However, the activities area is almost in the same administrative divisions as the place of ISOs. Therefore, it is important to extend the activities area of ISOs about coordination function.
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Case Study of Eco-Town Projects
Tomoaki Rokumaru, Takayuki Kishii, Masaharu Oosawa
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
367-372
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In our daily life, a Waste Processing Facility has been an indispensable urban facility to process enormous quantities of trash from the household and the industry. However, it generally tends to be unacceptable and unwelcome for the community in Japan. The actual situation of the facility and its planning process has not been clarified in most situations, although it could be desirable to be defined in the urban planning. This paper analyses the location situation of the facility in Eco-Town Project as a case study, and highlights the relations with city planning roads, area demarcation and zoning. In order to identify the actual process of coordination with the urban planning at the project approval stage as well as careful consideration to define the facility in the urban planning, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the local governments.
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Municipal water supply systems in Tohoku Region
Makoto Okumura, Hiroshi Tanaka
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
373-378
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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It will become more difficult to operate and maintain network infrastructure, such as water, gas and power supply, because density of inhabitants and households will go down in Japan. This paper presents a statistical analysis of operation and maintenance cost of 97 water supply systems in Tohoku Region through estimating a stochastic frontier analysis model. This analysis uses not only the conventional data supplied by the Water Works Census, but also the spatial distribution of population, land-use and elevation data supplied by the MLIT Web site, after converted by a GIS. The estimated model regressed 13.2% of variance of the unit operation cost of water supply system, by the factors, such as customer density, roughness of supplied area, and oldness and other network characteristics.
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Kenji Takamori, Yoshiaki Osawa, Takeshi Koshiduka
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
379-384
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Yama-ate is Japanese traditional technique of urban planning that a road places the axis of the street for a mountain.The purpose of this paper is to analyze statistically whether the road network around the Mt. Tsukuba that usetechnique of Yama-ate. First, we reveal that the number of roads of Yama-ate has been decreasing in Tsukuba Citythrough GIS data. Second, we show that a lot of roads of Yama-ate significantly existed as the area that is near to Mt.Tsukuba. For this, we compare the actual number of Yama-ate with the number of Yama-ate where the roads areconstructional randomly by use of Crofton's theorems.
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Mari Iida, Yoshiaki Osawa, Takafumi Kobayashi
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
385-390
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The open double-decker buses run all over the world. Since these buses don't have the roof and have the high pointview, many tourists can enjoy urban landscape. The aim of this paper is to characterize the urban landscape visiblefrom the open double-decker buses and to show the conditions on cities where such buses could be introduced. First,we compare the sizes of appearance of the sky from the buses and pedestrian, and identify the differences of thesesizes. Second, we study how to control the position the open double-decker buses in order to improve landscapefrom the buses. Finally, we examine the impact of curvature of roads on the speed of the angles to the view.
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Akihiro Teraki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
391-396
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper deals with a probability to identify an object using direction from position of viewpoint. Photographs are useful for urban planning to record the current cituation of urban areas. Data of positions and directions have errors and may miss the object. Theoritical analysis points out three methods to raise probability for identification; 1) improve accuracy of position, if distance from the viewpoint to the object is invariant, 2) leave the object, if accuracy of position is invariant, 3) improve accuracy of direction. And a case study was done for the area around Tsudanuma station. It tells that assumptions used in this paper are not suitable enough and can be improved.
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Logistic Regression Model of Buildings Arrangement in Typical Urban Block
Chihiro Saito
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
397-402
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This study proposes a prediction model for building sites. Generally people prefer a building site with good accessibility, privacy or security. On the other hand buildings must reserve space which can be used as paths. Also such a fine areas are expected to sustain in the same composition. At these premises, I believe that buildings emergent probabilities in vacant spaces can be calculated from other buildings arrangement. For a case study, I chose planned residential blocks. Their characters of arrangement were measured as data. Then the building sites prediction model was fitted by logistic regression analysis. From these analyses, I obtained a model which can predict 25% of building cell correctly in raster map data of the case study area.
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Junko Tamura, Akira Fujii
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
403-408
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper illustrates the utility of an explanatory model to understand mechanisms of social phenomena via interactions between migration, aggregation and the environment. We demonstrate three models structured by an agent-based model, which is a new application composed of a bottom up approach, to create an artificial society that simulates the process of village formation. First model shows the basic framework of the simulation set by three elements: farmers, crops and the landscape. Second and third models are applications of the first model introducing altitude, then obstacles being set on the landscape. Therefore, this paper simulates these models to understand the cause and effects of attributes and parameters that determine the emergence of village formation processes.
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An Approach with Kernel Density Estimation
Hiroaki Sengoku, Yuki Akiyama, Ryosuke Shibasaki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
409-414
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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In this paper, the spatial extent of shopping areas is estimated from Digital Yellow page database of 2000 and 2005 in Tokyo. Although monitoring of shopping areas relies on existing statistics data, they can't catch up with recent rapid changes of shopping areas because their frequency of update is not so high and spatial unit are not so small (e.g., city, town or city block unit). This study shows the method of determining spatial extent in shopping area by Kernel Density Estimation. This estimation is used in various fields. However there are not many studies which tried to use Kernel Density Estimation in commercial studies such as shopping areas. Then the method of deciding the parameters such as a band width and a density limit for shopping areas are also showed.
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Yuto Isono, Tatsuya Kishimoto
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
415-420
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to make a guideline of library plan through a development of mathematical model. Firstly, this study models the mechanism of user's library preference using the logit model and predicts facility choice probability of users. Secondly, this study models the utility behavior at halfway stop of a trip to station. This model explains the mechanism of egg-shaped utility sphere, which is explained as the characteristic of library usage. Thirdly, this study proposes a method to search the location and scale of facilities, which maximizes the ratio of actual demand using the steepest ascent method. As a conclusion, this study developed a method to lead a better library plan.
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Generalization and Application of Conditional p-median and Maximal Covering Models
Tsutomu Suzuki
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
421-426
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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The paper presents facility relocation models that provide with solutions for the problem which facilities to be closed and to be newly opened, with the constraint of the number of opening and closing facilities. The objectives are the minimization of total travel distance from the patrons to their closest facility, or the maximization of the number of patrons covered by the facilities with predetermined radius from the facilities. The models can be applied for both of the cases: the total number of facilities is increasing and decreasing. They are useful for selecting facilities to close and determining the location of facilities to open, when we face with financial exigency and are forced to utilize existing facilities. Through two case studies, we observed that only a few relocation of existing facility can improve current status and realize nearly optimal status in travel distance or demand covering.
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Case Study on Partial Areas In Setagaya
Takehiro Sakurai, Shinya Miyazaki, Akira Fujii
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
427-432
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper intends to construct the choice behavior model focusing on commercial areas, by applying the multinomial logit model on partial area of Setagaya city. Therefore, the aim of this research is to draw and to analyze a trading area using this model. We first propose the individual utility for commercial areas expressed by the number of repetition on same-store-type basis. Next, we propose concrete measures for existing vacant stores in the commercial area. Then, we define the routing probability for each spots on commercial area and express a trading area by drawing probability contour to give visual effect. Finally we analyze a trading area to show spatial forms, different from that of the traditional settings of secondary trading area.
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A case study in the opposite shore area of Miyajima-Island
Tadashi Itoh
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
433-438
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Recent landscape problem is caused by uncertain benefit of landscape preservation. Loss of landscape by development cannot evaluate at present. This study intends to evaluate perspective landscape in residential area which locate in the opposite shore area of Miyajima-Island. 3D-GIS supported to select survey area because it could analyze perspective area of Miyajima-Island. Using sampling data of inhabitants, we could build housing price model by using ordered logit model. As a result, this study showed inhabitants' consciousness of perspective landscape of Miyajima. It also suggested that perspective landscape affected housing price in some extent.
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Atsuro Suzuki, Hideki Koizumi, Junichiro Okata
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
439-444
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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This paper aims to investigate how did the housing changed as a result of population recovery from 2000 to 2006 in wards area of Tokyo, by using National Census and Basic Surveys Concerning City Planning and Housing Maps. The Conclusions are as follows:1) High density population areas (which has density of over 200 people per hectare) has spread. The spread is to fill the existing gap between the high-density areas, at the same time, showed the movement of extending toward city center. 2) Housing has increased in all the wards. Housing which markedly increased was 3-story detached houses, 6-14story apartment houses, and over 15-story houses. 3) By case studies, we made it clear that office changes to high-rise apartments in central urban areas. In addition, we found that parking lot and vacant lot changes to the three-story detached houses in the periphery.
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Kenya Nakanishi, Tomoyoshi Kosaka, Kentaro Akahoshi, Norimitsu Ishii, ...
2011 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
445-450
Published: October 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2011
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Japanese cities face some new problems such as a declining and aging population. To solve these problems, the Japanese government announces that the local governments should try to change their urban structure to The Compact City. It is important to show a future vision of city to promote the change to The Compact City. This paper proposes an estimation method of future population based on the Mesh-based Population Census Data to understand a population distribution in a city. The proposed method uses the cohort-change rate method and we tried to construct an simple model for a public servant working mainly in the city planning department. Then we visualized the result of the estimation. The result of an application in some cities proves effectiveness of this approach.
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