This paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the bike-sharing system on tourist travel behavior with respect to the number of visiting sites and duration of stay by tourists. We make a stochastic model consisting of modal choice, side-trip probability, and side-trip site selection. This model permits us to describe the travel behavior of tourists with multiple transportation modes and simulate the behavior in Kamakura City. The results show that tourists who can use walking, shared bicycles, and public transportation as a means of transportation tend to visit more sites while maintaining a similar duration of stay compared to tourists without shared bicycles. They also suggest that the bike-sharing system enables tourists to discover potential tourism resources. This paper contributes to providing findings for tourist cities when considering the introduction of bike-sharing to verify the effectiveness of their policies.

Population decline leads to increase in vacant houses and lots due to rapid aging and out-migration. This phenomenon affects many metropolitan areas in Japan. To prevent vacant houses, this study estimated the future patterns of vacant houses in four metropolitan areas which have different demographic dynamics (Tokyo, Osaka, Hiroshima, and Fukuoka) and illustrated the spatial structures of vacant houses in these areas at a neighborhood scale. Based on geodemographic classification which can describe geographic and demographic characteristics on a micro scale, this study investigated the different patterns and diversity of vacant houses between and within the metropolitan areas. The results showed that neighborhood characteristics directly influence the degree of vacant houses within an area. Local governments and private businesses involved in the prevention of vacant houses should identify high-risk areas and address these areas according to the characteristics of the district level.

This study examines regional trends in the designation and tourism development of natural parks, focusing on national parks. This is done by comprehensively collecting and analyzing articles from various regions drawn from tourism-related newspapers in the Gordon W. Prange Collection immediately following World War II. During the immediate post-war period, campaigns for the designation of national parks proliferated throughout the country, and various organizations were established to promote such designations. Notably, numerous tourism-related organizations also participated in these efforts. Importantly, local populations’ expectations regarding national park designation were as high as before the war, with particularly strong expectations in terms of tourism potential.

The aim of this paper is to consider the regional planning for disaster risk reduction, of slope residential area under urban shrinkage. In areas designated as “disaster risk area” under the Building Standard Law of Japan, the residential construction is restricted. But In fact, to guarantee the property rights under the Constitution of Japan, local authorities have been building landslide prevention facilities which make areas of the high risk of landslide into habitable areas. Case studies on two slope residential areas in this paper show that the future vision of each area, shared among local stakeholders such as local authorities, landowners, and residents, produce the possibility of appropriate management strategy on facility maintenance and urban reorganization of shrinking slope residential areas.

This study examines COVID-19-induced changes in citizens' intention to choose the residence place. On this basis, this study examines the relationship between the inducing zone of the Urban Facility Location Plan and changes in citizens' intention to choose the residence place. This study clarified the following. Analysis of the change in residency of residents in Toyota City due to COVID-19 showed no change before or after the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of residents also showed no change in their choice of area in which they would like to live before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. There was also no change in the reasons for their intention to choose the residence place.

The research determined and extracted the pedestrians who seem to have 'place demand' by machine learning. The trajectory characteristics judged that there is no trade-off relationship between their demand for places and one for movement. The conclusion clarified; (1) the usefulness of the stay activity density in measuring place demand, (2) the importance of the appropriate judgment time by machine learning according to the aims of street management, (3) the classification of the trajectory (2-4 types) before and after stay activity observed is applicative to place performance evaluation of different street segments, and (4) the visit numbers to buildings and the average walking speed might be applied to street segments comparison nevertheless they have no correlations to stay activity density.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the contents of home visiting life supportby citizens and theurbanspaceinmetropolitansuburbanarea. Weget twofacts.One isthat home visiting life supportby citizens are often deployed in the housing developmentsand in peripheralareasofurban areaswithhighpopulationratioofpeople aged 75 and over,and itfunctioned asa systemofmutualassistance to supportlife afterthe decline in.The location characteristicsofthe base forsuchhomevisiting life supportaredifferentfromthe location characteristicsofhome care services.Andtheotheristhat inhomevisitinglifesupport bycitizens, therearemanyorganizationswhichprovedservices in housing developments,theyprovidethekindof servicessuchasmonitoring, garbagedisposal support, and going out companion thatreflectthe environmentofthe housing development.

Due to the climate change, it is predicted that extremely heavy snowfall will occur locally. In addition, due to the shortageof workers intheconstruction industry responsible for snow removalwork, localgovernments face asituation where they cannot remove snow sufficiently. Therefore, it is important for local governments to lend small snowblowers totowncommunities andshare the role of snow removal.In that case, it is necessary tohave a standard thatindicates how many snowblowers shouldbe assigned to the community. In this study,we construct a mathematical modelfor developing a standard based on mixedintegerprogramming. In addition, we estimate the amountofsnowfall using Krigingandderive the standardempirically in caseofTottori city.

This study clarifies the designation of and the implementation method of the base in Urbanization Control Area, targeting all over the country but three metropolitan areas. We define two kinds of bases, regional and village base, and analyze their characteristics and each factor to be designated. Only 40% of municipalities set the bases. Selected village as base has more population or more daily necessities facilities than others. Designation method of base could be understood by focusing whether selecting all villages with same central facilities or not. Implementation method of base could be understood by investigating how using properly development permission ordinance, district planning, and so on for village with or without base setting.

This study aims to clarify the management system of the common space in terms of the openness of the space, the user involvement and the impact of COVID-19 by conducting case studies of a facility where a shared house and a shared office are combined. The results of the survey showed that there are three patterns in the way spaces are opened. Active encouragement of users by the operators was effective in promoting interaction between users, but it was limited by the prevalence of COVID-19.

This study targets Kyoto City as a case, and aims to identify 1) location trends of Budget Accommodation and their changes, and 2) the relation with land prices, for Budget Accommodations, which have rapidly increased since 2016 in Kyoto City. The survey results indicated that 1) the location of Budget Accommodations are more prevalent in residential and industrial areas than traditional inns and hotels, a trend that has been intensifying since 2016, and 2) Budget Accommodations tend to be located in areas where land prices are lower than inns and hotels. The regression analysis revealed that Budget Accommodations with such location trends are correlated with rising land prices.

This paper focuses on the reorganization plan of seven public squares implemented in accordance with the "Reinventons nos places" project, which was planned and discussed in Paris from 2015 to 2016, with a view to clarifying the characteristics of the project and how discussions over the plan were conducted. With regard to the characteristics of this public square reorganization project, the study found that the following policies were set forth as shared guidelines, and then proceeded to explain the contents of each in detail: (1) the expansion of pedestrian space through the reduction of roads, etc., (2) the facilitation of movement and crossings, (3) the coexistence of different transportation methods, (4) the improvement of gathering spaces, and (5) the enhancement of historicity and symbolism. In addition, this paper examines in concrete detail such things as the spatial difficulties recognized by Paris authorities and the estimation of the effects of improvements, the methods and content of reflecting the opinions of residents, and the setting of priorities in planning and implementing improvements.