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Shogaku Tanabe
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
1-12
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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This paper aims to clarify for future planning practice the change in rural and urban communities as a result of rapid urbanization in 1950~2000. In 1995, there were 3,180 communities in Japan (except Okinawa). I classified these into urban or rural types, using the measure of DID populations of over ten thousand identified in the national survey. Of urban types classified into 5 groups of A to E there existed 511 in 1960, increasing by 205 and totaling 716 in 2000. I tried to define urban or rural regions by using the national commuter survey. I defined 161 urban regions with 2,666 urban and suburban communities, and 99 rural regions with 354 town and village communities. The total amount of communities analyzed is 95% of the total, excluding 160 isolated communities. By analysis of persons employed in each major industry sector, namely the agricultural, industry and service sectors, the following has been found. The agricultural sector has declined, and I have identified many pure agricultural regions which have become much urbanized. The industrial sector developed in every region, and the service sector increased most in major urban regions. In order to solve each problem existing in every region, we must aim at increased regional planning.
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Shogaku Tanabe
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
13-24
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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This study aims to clarify transitions of urban and rural communities by using the national census in 1950~2000. The total population increased by about 42 million (rate 1.51) during these 50 years. In 260 analyzed urban or rural regions, groups whose populations increased are classified A. B. C urban regions. Especially, the population of A and B regions increased by 20 million migrating from other regions. The employed population increased by 24 million from 1955. But in the agricultural sector the decrease was 12 million in all regions. The industrial sector developed in every region, increasing by 11 million. The service sector increased most; 26 million in mainly A. B. C urban regions. Densely inhabited districts have formed in A. B. C. D regions. DID population increase is 42 million (rate2.05). The densely inhabited districts expanded by 8,600 km² (rate 3.30), and the population density decreased by 2/3, now 6,000/ km², in 1960~2000. We must make the effort to solve many planning problems caused by rapid urbanization.
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The example of Miyazaki city Cemeteries and metropolitan Aoyama cemetery
Yoko Nagae, Soichi Yagisawa
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
25-31
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Modern times Japan developed a lot of graveyards by a population of movement and a rise of branch family rate. However, after collapse of bubble economy, failure happens for cemetery management. By this study, I investigated it about Miyazaki municipal management cemeteries, metropolitan Aoyama cemetery and reduction of private cemetery of Chiba and analyzed it. Simplify rearranging of an unrelated grave was made by departmental order revision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2000,and reduction of expense was realized arrange an unrelated grave of the public cemetery that made up for a tax is promoted and a grave moves without collecting management charges by it.
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Comparison of Cases from England and Australia in Highway Planning
Masahiro Matsuura
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
32-37
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The practice of participatory planning is broadening both in scale and scope. However, the ad-hoc use of participatory processes is not likely to improve the quality of local governance in the long run. Participatory processes need to be integrated into the daily practice of planning as an institution. From an institutionalist's perspective, the article examined the role of political support in institutionalizing participatory processes. Based on the comparison between two instances of introducing new participatory processes to highway planning in England and Australia, internal support (i.e. commitment by administrative staff) has more effect than external support (i.e. the backing of stakeholding parties) on the success of institutionalization.
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A Case Study of Nagoya
Kenji Kato, Shoji Matsumoto
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
38-49
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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This study aims to capture the causal relationships of deciding activity duration and trips for out-of-home discretionary activities of employees for seven days of a week. The analysis employs an activity diary data of a week collected by us in Tokushima and applies to the structural equation model. Latent variables of travel are measured by the duration time and the number of trips of travel for out-of-home discretionary activities, and seven days of a week are classified into the three groups of Monday-Tuesday (M-T), Wednesday-Thursday- Friday (W-T-F), and Saturday-Sunday (S-S) based on the variability of trip frequency and duration time of activities. The latent variables of travel are determined by individual and household attributes, time constraint, and individual preference to out-of-home activities. The study reveals a causal relationship such that the travel on M-T influences on that of W-T-F, and the travel on W-T-F influences on that of S-S.
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Michio Okuni, Kyoichi Konishi, Masahiko Nakai, Fujio Omata, Nobuhiro M ...
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
50-56
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Today's most important concepts of the urban redevelopment are Sustainability, Multipurpose and Beautiful environment of the urban space. We will achieve them by using limited urban space effectively especially using the underground space same as surface and sky space. This paper presents the case study of the multipurpose underground plaza of Tokyo Station and shows the urban redevelopment in Otemachi, Marunouchi and Yurakucho Area.
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A Case Study of Nagoya
Yoichi Imamura, Yukio Nishimura
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
57-62
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influences of conversion of the military grounds on reconstruction of the urban structure after W.W. II, based on a case study of Nagoya. They are used as large parks, the civic center, the industrial area, and the residential area. They indirectly contributed to the land readjustment project and the new campus project, too. And we can point out the following points. The conversion of military grounds was evaluated from a standpoint of urban planning. The provisional use of military grounds was seen. The consideration of urban planning raised a quality of space. The chaotic area was formed by the partial use. Most of military grounds were used as public spaces.
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Akihiko Mochizuki, Dai Nakagawa, Tsutomu Kasahara
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
63-68
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Toyama light rail has opened its operation on April 29, 2006 as the first LRT route in Japan. This project presents a lot of new direction for Japanese transport policy and the relationship between urban management policy and transport policy. In this research, by analyzing the project concept and the process of achieving the plan, it is shown that this project accomplishes some big conversions in aspect compared with the current public transport policy in Japan. Then, the meanings of this project on the public transport policy and the urban management policies of Japan in the future is also clarified
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Hiroyoshi Sano, Akira Soshiroda
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
69-74
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to trace a regional planning to its origin and clarify the philosophy of the planning in Japan. This is a case study of the regional planning in Okayama-Kurashiki district (as a precedent). The origin was the theory of living sphere by Hideaki Ishikawa (1893-1955). His planning conception is forming the organization and technique to carry the planning forward. Concerning the organization, Yukiharu Miki (1903-1964), the prefectural governor of Okayama, took over Ishikawa's conception, and exerted himself for municipal merger with the goal of assigning the regional leadership to the local government, but the effort was not rewarded. On the other hand, the image of Okayama described by Ishikawa has hardly materialized, because of no preparation for the institution that preserves urban texture.
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Ken Iida, Miki Muraki
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
75-80
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Currently, urban regeneration projects are progressed at the regional cities, and a number of these cities have multi-core structure including new business-core as a sub-centre. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effectiveness and problems of sub-centre constructions in the regional cities. The paper firstly reviews sub-centre policies under the master plans in Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima and Fukuoka, followed by the discussion of population, retail scores and way of transportation, based on the principle ingredients analysis. As a consequence, the differences of functions between centre and sub-centre must be clarified, based on the size of the region and the functions of sub-centre should be clearly drawn up at the local plan levels. Further of this, local authorities must consider following two things for sub-centre development: tax benefit system to private sectors, out of town shopping control.
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Case of Subsidies for development, etc. of care and welfare space in a community (for municipalities) of 2005
Junko Okuyama, Toru Nakayama
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
81-86
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Revision of The Long-term Care Insurance Law in 2005, the local government had to develop "A municipal development plan" to enhance Community-based service bases in the areas designated according to the elderly daily living area. The local government submits plan to the National Government and gets grant. This paper aims to investigate a scale of daily living area and planned Community-based services based on Subsidies for Development, etc. of Care and Welfare Space in a Community in 2005. The results of this study show that: 1)A daily living area is the same as one junior high school area in 39.2% of municipalities , smaller in 23.5%, and larger in 37.9%. , 2) Planned Community-based services are different depending on the daily living areas.
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In case of the road contact failure areas in Kobe City
Kazuyoshi Fujii, Chusaku Yasuda, Koichi Miwa, Shingo Suekane, Naoko Ku ...
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
87-92
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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We consider that the individual rebuildings along by the narrow streets do not lead the improved environmental condition in the block. It is necessary to examine the availability of the cooperative improvement system. The aim of this research is to observe the feasibility for the cooperative improvement system to investigate the application of several building regulation systems. The results are as follows: (1) Each building regulation system has varied applied range for the road contact failure areas. (2) There are 4 factors : (physical condition, social contact, support system, human or economic condition) to build the consensus for cooperative rebuildings. (3) As a result of the simulation that apply the cooperative improvement system to building lots in Komagabayashi district, it becomes clear that the cooperative improvement system is available in case of the road contact failure areas.
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A Study of Miyajima, Hiroshima
Yoshifumi Kodama, Tomoe Tamazawa, Kiyokazu Ujiie, Emiko Kakiuchi, Tada ...
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
93-99
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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We conducted a quantitative evaluation of the private and public benefits of cultural capital considering the case of the Miyajima Hiroshima, registered in UNESCO World Heritage List using economical framework. We approached to structure of value of cultural capital using CVM and travel cost method. The cultural capital in Miyajima generated larger use value and option value than others. The total value of cultural capital is large enough to justify social investment in it. These results suggest that it is very important to investigate the way to incidence of cost for maintain the cultural capital with user pay system or lump sum system. We hope that our paper will contribute to implementation of cultural policy as first approach to structure of values of cultural capital.
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Noriko Koresawa, Ineko Tanaka, Tetsumi Horikoshi
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
100-105
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the orientation of climatic studies in landscape preservation by clarifying the historical change of the issue before 1970's, when the technological studies diffusely started. From the view point of not only natural environment but also of one as architectural settings, our review of climatic studies revealed as follows. In the ecological and human cultural aspects, climatic studies have conducted the trend of landscape studies on maintenance for environmental control upon land-use. The trend to estimate ecological landscape on living environment in 1940-50's, promoted the climatic studies on potential condition and its function over the topographical structure. Those methods of investigations could be indicated to apply to landscape preservation for architectures and their environmental settings.
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A Case Study of Bonkai Community in Bangkok
Atsushi Kawasumi, Toshinobu Fujii
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
106-111
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The purpose of this paper is as follows. Firstly, it shows the daily affairs of residents in Bonkai community, Bangkok. Secondly, activities of neighborhood groups for Baan Mankong Program project are introduced. Thirdly, characteristic of neighborhood groups are analyzed. Finally, it analyzes efficacy of community development based on the participatory activities of neighborhood groups in the community. In conclusion, a) it makes clear the creative roles of neighborhood groups in community development, which based on routine daily lives with keeping intimate relationship, b) development based on activities of neighborhood groups has some possibilities toward getting a sustainable environment as it has different characteristics with related development ways adapted in Japan such as planned small scale development, mini-land adjustment and block redevelopment.
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Mihoko Tokuoka, Norihiro Nakai, Masahiko Nakanishi
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
112-117
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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An unrestricted passage in a station contributes to improvement of public benefits. Therefore, it is said municipalities should pay most of the construction cost. However, it is expected railway companies could also gain profit from the passage. We examine the reality of the construction project, and consider an ideal ratio of the cost from a change of the number of passengers between before and after the construction. Consequently there was a meaningful difference in the number of passengers between before and after. Additionally, a meaningful tendency was observed in the number of the passengers, comparing the station with the passage to the station without it on the same route and scale. Nevertheless, in some cases municipalities paid a large cost.
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Hiroshi Takeyama, Isao Nakase
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
118-123
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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In this research, it aimed to clarify the method that can be done business practice by the civic group in city parks. As a result, we were able to confirm the type of four kinds of business practice such as "business practice based on regional network" and "business practice based on an original regulation of local government". Especially, an administrative evaluation of the business practice to contribute to the regional network and the local revitalization was high. Moreover, it was suggested that two points "The business practice in the park is located as part of a large area activity" and "The advisory panel such as conferences is set up" be important as a factor that the commercial transaction is approved.
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The relation between the target and the measure of the urban regeneration
Naoki Hasegawa
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
124-129
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the approach pattern of the urban, and to consider the problem in the future by investigating the method of the urban regeneration's working in the city. The material for investigation uses the urban regeneration improvement plan. First, the target of the urban regeneration and the relation between the achievement index and activities are investigated. Next, the tendency to the method of each district characteristic's working is investigated. In this study, it has been understood that the following item is important for the urban regeneration. They are community planning activity, spectacle inducement, enhancement of public traffic. Up to now, it was difficult to understand community development in the city inclusively. The tendency to community development in the city can be understood by using the urban regeneration improvement plan.
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Tohru Ohba
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
130-135
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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Although the Japanese government does not subsidize land surveys undertaken before the official cadastral surveys, many local governments undertake such surveys to allay the anxieties of landowners. This paper examines the types, frequencies and regional differences of these surveys. From replies to questionnaires presented to city officials in the Kanto districts, it was revealed that not only the suburbs of Tokyo but also districts stricken by natural disasters are much in need of these surveys. Many local governments impose the expense of these unofficial surveys on subcontractors. We propose that the Japanese government be more flexible in the decisions on the subsidization of preliminary cadastral surveys.
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Mikiko Iwasaki, Yosuke Iwamoto, Toshiya Matsukawa, Bunpei Nakade, Shu ...
2007 Volume 42.1 Pages
136-143
Published: April 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2017
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This study presents the ideal way of the reduction of zoning under the depopulation society by clarifying the condition after the reduction for the municipality that has reduced the zoning area. As a result, we clarify the followings. Local authorities don't value the population frame for the reduction of non-area designated zoning area. Examining the reason of reduction, it works in return of the introduction of the farmland readjustment project or the expansion of the zoning area rather than reviewing an excessive designation. In addition, the introduction of the farmland readjustment project works on the land use control after reduction as a motivation. Therefore, the review of zoning area along with a lower level of the population frame is necessary like the area designated city planning area.
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