A bicycle has been recognized as an effective means to enrich experiences of excursion or sightseeing; however, there is no existing index to evaluate how bicycle behavior dynamically changes from part to another part. Meanwhile, it has become common for community cycle providers to collect GPS logs of bicycle travels recently. Accordingly, in this research, we propose three new characteristic indicators, which are degrees of a detour, change of direction, and travel speed, to evaluate characteristics of cycling excursion from GPS trace data and examine how these indicators can reflect dynamic changes in excursion behaviors from part to another part. Furthermore, we suggest an example of these indicators' application to investigate relationships between characteristics of cycling excursions and how bicycle users find a city attractive while traveling.

This study clarifies how the purpose and quantitative constitution of the Gross National Happiness(GNH) Indicators of the Royal Government of Bhutan have changed in the measurement of the past four times by the method of the documents investigation. The analysis results showed that GNH Indicators had both the System Performance Indicators and Policy and Program Indicators from an early stage that could evaluate all steps of the management cycle that ISO9001 required. Also showed that the indicators had changed progressively depending on the problem that Bhutan faced. This fruits suggest that the indicators become more beneficial if we will try to make its objectives and position in the whole process of policies clear logically and to change the number of indicators carefully depending on both the central value and circumstances.

This study clarifies the substantive relationships between the tourism resources and the city planning in and around Otsu called as “sightseeing city” in the 1930’s. Firstly, it shows an historic overview of the development of modern transportation network, along with the characteristics of the street network plan and the scenic districts. Then all the tourism resources are extracted from the guidebooks of the time, to examine their distribution and relationships with the city planning. The key findings include: 1) The street network was planned to interconnect tourist resources while improving walking accessibility to them after taking public transport. 2) The streets reaching the most of historic sites located in the scenic districts, were planned to promote use of the scenic districts as parks, as well as use of cultural properties as tourism resources.

This paper develops a variant of maximal covering model to decide the location of base hospitals for air ambulances. The model has two features. Firstly, we introduce two coverage levels based on the distance from the base hospital. Secondly, it is assumed that when a demand is sufficiently close to a large hospital it is transported by a ground ambulance. We apply the proposed model to geographical data in Japan, and compare optimal deployment plans of air ambulances from two perspectives. One is to investigate the effect of providing medical emergency services beyond prefectures where the air ambulance is deployed. The other is to analyze how the deployment result changes depending on whether the number of air ambulances are decided in Japan or in each prefecture.

In 2017, the Urban Park Act was revised and became the Park-PFI system. Its purpose was to reduce urban park management cost and renovate urban parks with profit-making facilities managed by private sectors. However, some projects have suboptimal results because the proposals are influenced by locational factors. Considering the above, this research aims to investigate problems of the Park-PFI system by comparing locational factors and the characteristics of profit-making facilities in urban parks. Surveys of 25 profit-making facilities in 19 parks suggests that land price is a key factor influencing the number and type of applications from private sectors.

The purpose of this study is to clarify issues about operation situation of District Plans for Urbanization Control Areas (DPUCA) from the aspect of urban planning, especially regarding the system of area division between urbanization areas and urbanization control areas (hereinafter referred to as "area division"). This study is composed of: analysis of trends and prefectural guidelines of DPUCA in the three major metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Chukyo and Kinki metropolitan area); questionnaire survey for municipalities (cities, towns, and villages) about the operation of DPUCA; and case analysis of each types of municipalities operating DPUCA including Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, and Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Implications obtained from analysis and issues discovered above including: 1) appropriate operation of DPUCA based on the local guidelines, 2) integrity with the area division system, and 3) coordination with urban planning as well as land use control on agriculture and forestry.

Progress of the declining birth rate and aging population necessitate preparation of institutions and measures for child care and nursing based on living conditions. This research uses an independent survey to clarify actual activity levels and the degree of life satisfaction during these periods, which are regarded as having a large activity constraint. Also, effects of implementing measures to raise the activity are examined. Results show that outing activities decreased during these periods. Moreover, activity disparities tended to occur. Furthermore, as a different tendency related to child care and nursing, life satisfaction was high in child care. Moreover, it was shown to be low in nursing. The tendency of the effect tends to differ depending on these activities, indicating that the influence of co-habiting families cannot be ignored.

Massive building demolitions were accomplished in eastern Germany from 2002. This study investigates the relationship between current land use after the massive building demolition and demolition plan and future land use policy focusing on large housing estates in Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Berlin. Based on literature review, field survey, and a series of quantitative analyses, following results are shown. First, building demolition sites generate various types of both public and private reutilized spaces. Second, building sites were subject to marketing during an early stage, or were transformed according to housing needs and location characteristics. Third, once building demolition sites have been designated as activated open spaces, the sites are likely to be preserved as open spaces.

Tachikawa Project is one of the pioneering example in Renovation Area Management. Tachikawa Project is operated mainly by private initiative by means of media operation of community FM and of community base development converted from vacant buildings at deserted shopping street. The study aims to analyze Tachikawa Project for the process of generated local community networking by means of both local community involvement and community base development. In this study, we aim to find a universal method of approach to community building by utilizing marketing theory. As a conclusion of this study, it is much effective for local community networking to approach community step by step depending on the target.

This study aims to clarify the issues on the asset management and sustainability of the redevelopment projects in local cities implemented by the Urban Renewal Act from the view of management system and method through analysis on the information published in series of “Redevelopment Projects in Japan”. As results, it figures out the complicated process from preparation to completion of projects, and clarifies the management types and patterns. Based on the results, it points out the factors of the sustainable management issues, which are inherent in the project scheme and process implemented by the Act and other regulations, and suggests the solutions for improving the issues.

This paper analyzes long-term trend in urban structure of Japanese cities. Quantitative variables to characterize urban forms, not only metropolitan size, activity intensity, but also the degree that activities are evenly distributed, the extent that high-density sub-areas are clustered are important, as is developed by Tsai (2005). This paper focuses the degree of equal distribution and that of clustering: those are given by Gini and Moran coefficient, respectively. Through a series of analyses, Gini and Moran coefficients reveal continuous and decentralized urbanization in cities that compose metropolitan areas, monocentric or polycentric accumulation in intermediate size cities, and decentralized sprawling forms composed of discontinuity and strip populated patterns in rural areas of Japan. While the population will decrease towards the past level, spatial structure of population distribution will not be as the past in the future.

This study evaluates the effect of the combination type district planning, using as cases the districts of Kanda-Sakuma-cho and Kanda-Izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo where 20 years have passed since the Combination Townscape Formation Type and Bonus FAR Type District Planning was introduced. The effect of the district planning was discussed by grasping the actual situation of the district renewal in the two districts and the actual situation of development of apartment houses which rapidly increased since the district planning was introduced. To be concrete, 1) the actual situation of building renewal in each site inside the target districts from the time of the introduction of the district planning to 2017 is grasped, using the summaries of architectural planning and Zenrin house maps. 2) Effects of district planning are evaluated by grasping the morphological characteristics of apartment houses constructed in the target districts, using the summaries of architectural planning.

This study discusses current state and issues of nursing care in 11 municipalities affected by nuclear disaster in Fukushima after the lift of evacuation orders. It clarifies that (1) nursing care facilities have not been reopened or newly established much, (2) most reopened or newly established nursing care facilities have problems concerning securement of employees and profitability, and (3) care managers face difficulties that they cannot prepare care plans according to user’s desire because there are few nursing care facilities. This study points out that it is important to improve support system for securement of employees and profitability of reopened and established nursing care facilities and to establish support system to promote reopen and establishment of nursing care facilities. Furthermore, it suggests that it is important to promote reconstruction of the nursing care provision system from the regional perspective beyond a single municipal area while considering population structure and regional structure. Finally, it shows that it is necessary to carry out city planning that contribute to the resolution of these issues in the future.

This study clarifies the characteristics of urbanized area extension of Post-war Reconstruction Cities in high economic growth period (1960-1975), taking four cities as case studies. It can visualize detail pattern by using population data of each census tract of national census. There are three extension types as follows: the pattern extending to ‘the edge of center’, the pattern with ‘linear shape’ and ‘the leap flog type’. ‘The edge of center’ is caused by enforced land readjustment and ‘linear shape’ depends on public transit like railway or tram network. ‘The leap flog type’ is caused by social houses or manufactural factory with workers houses which are located away from urbanized area. In addition, this study considers the relation between the past urbanization process and Location Normalization Plan.

This study aims to clarify the transition of spatial character of DID (Densely Inhabited District) by classifying census enumeration districts as to population density at the time of three, 1970, 1990, and 2015, in 3 local cities in Hoku-Shin-Etsu region. We analyze the relation between the population density, zoning areas, and current land uses with GIS. As a result, the density at 1970 DID declined due to the shift of smaller household and the land use transition. By contrast, 1990 DID outside 1970 DID has increased the rate of developed land because there is much residential area where the land use is controlled with exclusive zoning policy. 2015 DID outside 1990 DID may be developed similarly if a municipality cannot check and control the urbanization.

This study understands the actual situation of utilizing Disaster Prevention Urban Plan. In addition, the description contents of the Disaster Prevention Urban Plan were compared with the description contents of Local Disaster Management Plan and Municipal Urban Master Plan. In this study, we clarify the followings. Currently, 27 plans have been formulated as Disaster Prevention Urban Plan, and 21 plans have been published. The planning area of 6 plans were out of City Planning Area, but the planning area of 15 plans only within City Planning Area. In Fukuroi City, Disaster Prevention Urban Plan was formulated at the same time as review of Municipal Urban Master Plan. Therefore, the plan contents were linked.