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A Comparison and Revaluation of Master Plan of 1970 to that of 1974
Kwanghyun Park
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
1-7
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study is to compare the Jamsil district master plans of '70 and '74, and to re-evaluate the two in terms of physical planning. The advanced planning methods which have been attributed to the master plan of '74, namely making up a master plan before land readjustment, zoning residential, commercial and green areas based on the land use plan, and proposing the type, size, and layout of apartment blocks, were already introduced in the master plan of '70. The master plan of '70 was for a mere residential development, while that of '74 was for a sub-center of Seoul with a large business area. The latter included a group of large super blocks of housing, which may be said to influence upon the subsequent planning of new towns in Seoul.
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Records from Two and a Half Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Kota Kawasaki
Article type: An Article on Planning, Design and Project, A Report on Planning, A Report of Survey
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
8-19
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study presents opinions of 11 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture designated as Special Decontamination Area as of the end of August 2013, about two and a half years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This study concludes that (1) many municipalities recognize that decontamination policies and activities of the national government which is responsible for decontamination in Special Decontamination Area are inadequate, (2) many municipalities recognize that residents cannot live their lives with a sense of safety and security unless air radiation dose is reduced to the level before the accident, and (3) all municipalities recognize that residents will not be able to live their lives with a sense of safety and security even if the national government implements decontamination. As issues on decontamination and revitalization in Special Decontamination Area, this study suggests the necessity to establish revitalization policies without presupposing the implementation of decontamination work and the necessity to establish decontamination and revitalization policies and organizational frameworks at the regional level.
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Analysis of Individual Residential Location Preference Based on SP Survey
Atsuhiro Yamasaki, Kiyoshi Takami, Makoto Chikaraishi, Nobuaki Ohmori, ...
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
20-27
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study examined the impacts of merits/demerits of residing in concentration/to-be-withdrawn areas on individual residential location preference in order to obtain useful insights for promoting compact relocation. For this purpose, a stated-preference survey was conducted, in which four different types of measures were tested: (1) a future vision on the concentration of urban facilities, (2) housing subsidy plan, (3) possibility of suburban facilities failure, and (4) decreasing public transportation serviceability. Respondents in the survey were those who live in "ordinance-designated city" in Japan and plan to move in the next 5 years. The results of Mixed Logit model analysis showed a significant relationship between measures (2)-(4) and residential location preference, implying that they encourage compact relocation. Especially, the measure (3) can increase the probability of choosing compact/urban area by up to 10 points under the conditions of this study.
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Madoka Chosokabe, Hiroyuki Sakakibara
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
28-36
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study proposes the methodology for quantitative analysis of complementary dialogue in work-shop discussion. In workshop discussion, the importance of sharing information and co-learning is emphasized. It is suggested the participants discuss topics of their concern in a mutually complementary manner. This study identifies the topics of workshop discussion from some utterances by plural participants. The structure of discussion is also represented. "Dialogue-unit" is newly introduced as a unit of analysis in order to make the topics clear from some participants' utterances. Then the occurrence rate of noun phrases in dialogue unit through time is shown by factor analysis. This analysis was applied to the workshop discussion on public transportation planning. The applicability of this methodology for improvement of facilitation is also discussed.
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Shotaro Abe, Satoshi Fujii
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
37-45
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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The leaving bicycle has become a social problem including structure of social dilemma. In Kyoto city, a number of structural strategies such as increasing parking area for bicycles and removing bicycles are addressed. On the other hand, a lot of signboards warning about illegal bicycle parking are placed around the city as psychological strategy. In spite of this attempt, all that is written is warning and the place storaging bicycles. Moreover there is no expect for ef-fect of repressing illegal bicycle parking according to decrepit of signboard and hackneyed. In This study, authors developed posters purposed on repressing the illegal bicycle parking with knowledge of psy-chology and so on. These posters are placed in some spot that are many illegal bicycle parking and the effect is in-spected. As a result, It is shown that the guilty conscious against the leaving bicycle of people can be increased.
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Kenshi Baba, Mitsuru Tanaka
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
46-53
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This paper attempts to clarify a concept of "Resilient City" and get a perspective of indicators of measuring resilience through literature survey and interview with public officials in some municipalities. As a result, we define a "Resilient City" as the one which have a capacity to mitigate, adapt and transform in response to multiple risk at present. Then, we have built a structure of policy model in which cities are assessed by external force risk, vulnerability, situation to be avoided and thereby preparedness and the degree of progress of resilient policies (precautionary measure, adaptive measure and transformation measure). In this context, we have conducted a questionnaire to local municipalities across the country. The results demonstrate that most municipalities i) recognize earthquake, population decline and GHG emission expansion as external forces, and ii) raise renewable energy promotion measure and improvement of disaster affected information measure as resilient policy in progress and in preparation.
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Kihyun Kang, Takafumi Arima
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
54-60
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Pedestrian oriented city planning requires an understanding of the details about pedestrian behavior. This study examined pedestrian route choice in Haruyoshi, a mixed district of commerce and residence in Fukuoka, from the following procedures: 1) Survey utilizing a questionnaire asking pedestrians of their characteristics and important points they consider when choosing one from others was performed in the target district for comparison. 2) The secondly an experiment for impression evaluation of montage pictures of streets was conducted to clarify the influence of physical environment on pedestrian route choice. As a major result, it was found that pedestrian route choice is influenced by not only physical factors but also psychological factors. All in all, this study suggests that it is necessary to consider software management besides hardware arrangement of pedestrian roads for realization of walkable city.
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Based on Results of Questionnaire Survey and Hearing Survey to Organizations Promoting Ecotourism
Kota Kawasaki, Kazuya Sanbe
Article type: An Article on Planning, Design and Project, A Report on Planning, A Report of Survey
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
61-68
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study discusses the current status and problems of ecotourism and organizations promoting ecotourism in Japan systematically, on the basis of results of questionnaire survey and hearing survey to organizations promoting ecotourism. The key findings of this study are: (1) There are many such small and non-statutory organizations that receive financial support from administrative organizations, and there are also a number of organizations that will not make plans to share future images of local communities. (2) There are many areas that have difficulty promoting ecotourism because of problems with the organizations themselves, the guides, and the local environment. (3) There are many organizations that hope to eliminate compartmentalized administration and to expand financial support for the promotion of ecotourism. This study concludes that it is necessary to improve conditions to promote to establish organizations consisting of diverse stakeholders and to develop a planning function and a management function of the organizations.
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Katsutoshi Nonaka
Article type: An Article on Planning, Design and Project, A Report on Planning, A Report of Survey
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
69-80
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study examines how the site of Tokushima castle was turned into a public park. In 1905 the governor of Tokushima Prefecture proposed moving a cenotaph for the war dead to the site of Tokushima castle to commemorate the nation's victory in the Russo-Japanese War. The associated memorial ceremony provided the impetus for building the park. Following consultation between the prefectural government and the city, the city purchased the castle site from its owners the Hachisuka family and built the park. The governor commissioned Seiroku Honda as the designer. The prefecture spearheaded the park plan and appropriated funds. Building the park proceeded on a minimal scale to be completed in time for the memorial ceremony in spring 1906.
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Inclusionary homeless support services under the contexts of outcome-driven policy and urban gentrification
Nao Kasai, Sugita Sanae, Masato Dohi
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
81-88
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Since the early stage, homeless services in San Francisco have been provided through cooperation between the human services and public health departments, with the latter adopting an inclusionary harm reduction policy for these services. However, recent federal homelessness policy stressing service outcomes and growing socio-economic pressure of gentrification could pose a threat to the city's inclusionary regime. This article argues that the homeless support system of San Francisco integrates efficient models promoted by the Federal Government such as Housing First as a low-threshold, inclusionary approach, without overemphasising their outcomes. Local homeless services also show that their harm reduction philosophy is associated with not only accepting attitudes to homeless people but also the empowerment of poor communities, which may serve as a grassroots response to urban restructuring forces.
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Significance in School Education, its Background, and an Attempt to Systematize the Education
Shinji Tsubohara
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
89-100
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Cyclists disobeying traffic rules and endangering pedestrians are in the spotlight in Japan. One of the measures to tackle this problem is traffic safety education at elementary schools. This study examines how the education is provided in the Netherlands. It reveals that many of Dutch elementary schools provide traffic safety education continuously, at least every two weeks. This is directly motivated by the national traffic examination for seventh and eighth graders. The educational methods or materials on the market help teachers to provide the education continuously, while the traffic safety label project encourages schools to structurally provide traffic safety education. In recent years, permanent traffic education, namely, systematic traffic education throughout one's life, is being promoted.
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Case Study on Geopark Promotion Councils of the Unzen Volcanic Area and the Toya Caldera and Usu Volcano
Hiroyuki Ishikawa
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
101-106
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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This study aims to clarify how disaster wreckage can be conserved and used to attract tourists, as well as to form geopark promotion councils and partnerships between universities and local communities in the Unzen Volcanic area and the Usu Volcanic area. The study concluded that: 1) experts from universities offered technical support for conserving the disaster wreckage in the Unzen Volcanic area. However, local residents could not participate in the development of the conservation plan. In contrast, local residents of the Usu Volcanic area were able to participate in the planning process thanks to the involvement of experts from universities; 2) in the Unzen Volcanic area, a partnership was forged based on a middle-up-down management model led by the geopark promotion council. Meanwhile, a bottom-up approach was adopted to forge a similar partnership led by a proactive joint committee in the geopark promotion council of Usu Volcanic area.
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Focusing on urban land use
Hiroyuki Shimizu
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
107-117
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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It has begun the period of shrinking population in Japan. The traditional land use policy, which is made under the growing situation, should be changed to a new one. For the development of a new policy, a basic spatial data combined with land use and population changes is needed. In this paper the spatial distribution of the trend of shrinking, spreading, expanding and compacting in the form of third grid cell data is shown as the result of the calculation by using the population data and the land use data.
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Aguri Imataki, Aya Sakai, Akira Koshizawa
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
118-123
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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The urban planning proposal system was established about 10 years ago and there have been 146 urban proposals in 74 cities by 2011. Half of these cities have only one urban proposal, whereas there are the most number of proposals in Sapporo city. This paper focuses on the application of the system in Sapporo city and aims to investigate achievements and problems. In Sapporo, the system is used to solve the following 4 problems, such as unused lands, dispute about high-rise buildings, aging society, non-conforming buildings. This study shows that the issues of the application of the system are lack of continuity of residents activity and incomplete process of consensus building. To promote more use of this system, informational, financial and continuous supports are required.
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Analysis based on long-term multi-point measurement in Hadano, Kanagawa
Kaoru Matsuo, Takahiro Tanaka, Satoru Sadohara
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
124-129
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Summer temperature in urban area is higher because of urban heat island (UHI) and global warming. UHI causes various problems and mitigating the UHI is needed in summer. On the other hand, the UHI can be seen in winter and such phenomenon have effected on urban ecosystems and energy consumption for heating. Consequently, it is also needed to control the urban temperature in winter. This study aims at comparing temperature distribution patterns of urban area in summer and winter for pursuing the way of controlling the urban temperature. As a result, in winter, the effect of "rate of building blocking" is smaller in daytime and the effect of NDVI is larger in nighttime compared to summer.
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A case study of Shinjuku Ward
Kaname Takizawa, Norihiro Nakai, Mamiko Numata
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
130-135
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Recently, as the urban spatial structure becomes more complex, it gets more difficult for strangers to reach their destination without getting lost. One of the solutions for this problem would be an introduction of guidance using streets names. Existing research reveals that this solution is effective, but it has been far from practical use due to the local government system. Therefore, this study aims to indicate a new local policy by investigating a way to name streets based on the hearing survey with local governments and the evaluation of a possibility of introducing the new system based on characteristics of streets names, geographical conditions and maintenance conditions of streets. From the evaluation, it was revealed that there are two problems, that is, the lack of traffic signs concerning streets names and landmarks, and the defect of streets names at the particular area. To solve these problems, new policy using Space Syntax were examined.
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Case study on the Ordinance 3411 of Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture
Kento Takano, Noriko Akita
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
136-141
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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The blighted Urbanization Control Area is difficult to land use control by City Planning Low. In this study, we clarify the 3411 zoning problem through the negotiation procedure, from the survey results for operation of the 3411 ordinance in Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture. As a result, the 3411 zoning of Sagamihara City, the region doesn't overlap with land use control by Agricultural Promotion Area. It became clear that it is encouraging land use changes. Farmland has brought the external diseconomies by waste soil yard. It is changed into a good residential area in harmony with the surrounding urban area. On the other hand, in except Agricultural Promotion Area, is also confirmed cases of sudden development has occurred in the area of integrated farmland. It has been suggested leading to sprawl and deterioration in the farming environment by 3411 ordinance.
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Case Study of the Passenger Boat Line Connecting the Osaki Kamijima Island with the Main Island
Masato Okayama
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
142-147
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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The passenger boat line connecting the Osaki-Kamijima Island with the main land, which is the target of this study, has been in deficit because the depopulation and population ageing on this island have caused its users to decrease dramatically. Because of this, it keeps being operated by the subsidy from the local government. The local government has financial difficulties and validity of this subsidy must be checked. In general, validity of such a subsidy should be investigated on the basis of degree of the contribution of the line to the area. In this study, the opinions of its islanders toward the contribution of this line to this island are analyzed on the basis of the questionnaire survey we carried out.
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Kuniyoshi Hitomi, Kenji Doi, Hiroto Inoi
Article type: An Article on Planning, Design and Project, A Report on Planning, A Report of Survey
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
148-153
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Human and regional creativity is closely related to a sense of speed in daily life including travel. This paper focuses on the impact of slow mobility measures on travelers' consciousness and behavior and creativity enhancement. A questionnaire survey is conducted in the analysis for clarifying the relationship between people's experience of slowness at "Seto-uchi International Art Festival" and the consequential change in their consciousness and behavior that is expected to enhance the creativity. It is evidenced that slow mobility tours using ships/ferries would contribute to this enhancement.
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Yoko Maeda, Fumihiko Seta
Article type: research-article
2015 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages
154-161
Published: April 25, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: April 25, 2015
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Apartment residents who live in the area tend to have limited relationship with original local communities. Local residents are also reluctant to communicate with them. But the survey in Nakazaki Area, Osaka, clarified not only some of those who own apartment rooms but also who rent them have a desire to communicate more with local residents. They have also motivation to contribute to local activities, thus the local community is recommended to expand the relationship with new comers by inviting them and let them join the activities. Moreover, there is a possibility especially for some of those who rent rooms to take part in local activities through interactions in unique cafes and shops, which characterize the uniqueness of Nakazaki Area.
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