To explained the relationships between human and seashore through coastal plants, we investigated the coastal plants about recognition and admiration style from books on natural history in Edo-era. As a result, coastal plants were recognized from many people, and they made use as medicine, foods, and other materials. About admiration style of coastal plants, in the garden, they were admired to matched size of their garden like Bonsai .In the Seashore side, they were liked the majestic shape and positively planted rare species. Moreover, unorganized plants were planted on the beach and many species carried away to the gardening for citizen. Accordingly, it has been shown that we need to know coastal environment due to plant for a suitable environment.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical succession of the parks and open spaces policies, corresponding with the urbanization in Tokyo through the case study of the upper watershed of the Kanda River. The following points were clarified. 1) Natural resources of the watershed preserved as a public land before the urbanization became large parks. 2) The areas, where the policies of the designation of the public park and the zoning control were applied simultaneously, have maintained diverse characteristics of natural environment up until today. 3) The greenbelt areas designated in 1948 were finally abolished in 1969, but the spirits of the greenbelt were succeeded and a part of parks and open spaces were maintained and created through the various policies. Now, those open spaces act as a key role for the regeneration of the highly urbanized areas.

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In this paper, we focused on the attachment to a store that people frequented daily. Attachments to a store are considered to be a factor of attachment toward residential place, if the store is near residential place. It is also considered that style or location of each shop would be determinant of attachment to a store. In order to examine these relations, we implemented the questionnaire survey implemented for residents in three local cities in Japan. Result showed that people who have more attachment to store near home tend to have attachment toward residential place. Besides, it is also showed that frequency of each shop use, and shop type have effect on attachment toward the store

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Declining town centre is one of the issues in Japan, however, residential population is already flowed out to the suburbs, and less attractive shops are remained. The city which has tourist attraction is short-listed of them for tackling this issue. However, the city without tourist attraction, have required producing new tourist attractions, such as local dishes. This paper deals with town centre revitalization with local resources, and attempts to clarify how they effectively worked to the local attractiveness. The paper firstly reviews declining situation and local attractions, followed by the analysis of local foods. From the analysis, cooperation with various sectors including private and public sectors, the integration of the new facility developments and route making along the new attractions are highly important to the declining town centre without tourist attractions.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify relationships between elderly people's behavior with walking and historical townscape environments through investigations into the actual conditions of walking in Yame-City, as a case study. Fukushima district in this city is adopted Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in May, 2003. The major findings include the followings. 1) The purpose of walking is walking in itself. 2) Elderly People compose a simple walking route with natural landscape and varied streetscape. 3) The walkers like natural landscape, safety, varied streetscape and activity of people in pedestrian space. 4) It is possible that walking behavior affects change in consciousness toward townscape.

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This study aims to grasp the changes of the performance space in Awa-Dance. The following five things have become clear. (1)The performance space in Awa-Dance can be divided with the public space used, the administration, the dance group, and the device of temporary housing at four time.(2) The first period, in the dance group by the ground edge, it danced in the street and unoccupied land in the region. (3) The second period, the device of the temporary housing for the dancer and the looking person was made. (4) The third period, a large-scale performance space for sightseeing can have been done. (5) The fourth period, there is movement to return to the dance of the region as the first.

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Recently, the social concern to border space has been growing in urban planning field. This space has a potential that unites several urban spaces, and improves their quality. So, this study aims to make sure the connection at the border space, lying between representative city park and downtown area in Osaka. This study analyzed the shaping process of the border space around Utsubo Park and the connection between Utsubo Park and downtown area on the standpoint of site use and space configuration at the border space. Main conclusion is that the border space around Utsubo Park has several variations. It includes the type moving directly between park and private sites.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify the obstacles that disturb the yama-ate vistas remaining in Karatsu City, an old castle town originally built in the early 17th century in Japan. A thorough field survey has clarified that Karatsu has many yama-ate vistas targeting islands and mountains existing around the city, and many of the yama-ate vistas are disturbed by buildings mostly built after the War under modern city planning regulations. It is suggested that currently applied building height control is not efficient enough for yama-ate vista preservation, and well-planned, site-specific control of development location, height and volume along the vista axes should be designed and applied over Karatsu downtown to preserve and restore the historic yama-ate vistas.

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This study surveyed the present state of factory space usage and clarified its change in GOKA of Echizen City, Fukui, aiming to find the type of management in the space usage which suits the production area of Japanese traditional craft. The following points became clear in this study. (1)The relationship between the site of factory and living space. (2)The problem facing the sightseeing and new resident space. (3)5 types of spacial change in the usage of factory and their distribution in the history. (4)The difference in the spacial change of factory in the handmade manufacturing and mechanical manufacturing.

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For preserving the farmlands at the metropolitan fringe, the evaluation according to their landscaping value is important. To grasp the agricultural landscape in detail, the analysis which has considered the actual landscapes seen by people is required. So this study aims to clarify the characteristic of the boundary lines between the farmlands and the neighboring land-uses which has been generated by the farmland-diversion to other land-use. As the results, the following things become clear. There are several boundary lines classified by their generation-ages. The combinations of the land-uses which adjoin the farmlands characterize the agricultural landscapes in each area. And, the function which provides the viewpoint has little relation to the farmland-area. By adding the analysis of the boundary lines to the analysis of the farmland-area, the landscaping value can be grasped in detail.

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The aim of this study is to clarify how the location of buildings with a certain place name gradually spread out around Jiyugaoka in Tokyo. In this area there are some place names, e.g. Jiyugaoka, Yakumo, Toritsudaigaku, Midorigaoka,, associated with either a station name or an administrative district name. "Jiyugaoka" known as a fashionable shopping town is used both as a station name and as an administrative district name In this study, it was clarified that almost buildings with that name located within either range: a distance of 600m from the station with the same name or the administrative district with the same name. But on "Jiyugaoka", buildings with the name had been spreading out of the range at the place nearby the border of Jiyugaoka as an administrative district, at the place nearby a precedent building named Jiyugaoka, in the walkable area without perceiving ups and downs from Jiyugaoka Sta. and around other stations near a distance of 600m from Jiyugaoka Sta.

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Recently, landscape improvement has been attracting attention in cities. More than 400 municipalities has established landscape ordinances in Japan, which include combined system of autonomous ordinances and legal systems as a case study of Cities of Kanazawa and Kyoto. These two cities are both leading municipalities in landscape improvement. This study aims to clarify the structure and characteristics of combined landscape improvement systems. The findings are (1) Kanazawa has a cross-zoning system with overlapping regulation zones, (2) Kyoto has a gradual zoning system with zones of different regulation levels.

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This article aims at providing useful informations from experience of inquiry council on townscape of city planning road in Takahata town. The results of changed designs are summed up into the table in which being changed are roof form, amenity of front yard, windows and openness of the facade. The process of two large sites are investigated. Finally those results are analyzed and some useful suggestions are obtained. Those are importance of a keyword expressing atmosphere of the townscape, of workshop about townscape simulation at the starting period, of holding the council just after an architect is decided, and of the respect of architect's opinion superior to the client.

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Townscape ordinance controls height of buildings in Hakodate city. However troubles about buildings which satisfy the height standards occured. This we think is because the standard is too loose. The same problem can happen not only in Hakodate but also nationwide, so we need to analyze it's structure. During our reseach, we found the obstraction factors of consensus building process; 1) After establishing the ordinance, they missed that the goal image of the city was not fixed, and they stopped the discussion. 2) They had complaints on cities policies, but it didn't become a dispute. From now on, a discussion about the goal image of the city should be started again, and continued.

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The purpose of this study was to grasp the origin of the characteristic streetscape of narrow roads connected to town historic backgrounds. The subject of this study was density build-up area where the history was accumulated. The area became to have the streetscape which was showed no personality by mess up under the present conditions and various changes. The results of this study are listed as follows.1) Extraction of characteristic streetscape of narrow road patterns. 2) Explanation of narrow roads streetscape pattern the historic backgrounds point of view. This study is able to evaluate narrow roads streetscape by investigate town historic backgrounds newly.

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the purpose of this study was to clear the complicated architectural style constituting current townscape , and to examine inhabitant's evaluation of architectural style. result of this study is as follows. 1)it grasped that characteristic of various component used for architecture facade. 2)intricate architectural style was able to classify into 5 typical architectural styles and 16 particular architectural styles at detached house, and to classify into 4 typical architectural styles and 9 particular architectural styles at dwelling house. 3) it grasped that relation between distribution characteristic of architectural style and the historic background of research district. 4)the resident was evaluating house based on a traditional architectural style.

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A intersection point of two streets, an crossing had been regarded as an important place in the history of urban design, where many people get together and take communication. However, it has come to be understood as just a traffic node in the recent period, especially the post war, when the motorization has advanced rapidly. This study aims to configure a criterion, which has been used for open space, to estimate a potential of the intersection as an open space. Consequently, the character of the actual intersection is to be described with the criterion.

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This study aims to clarify the typology of traditional house renovation and the changes of spatial in townscape preservation in consideration for their life style through the analysis of every application form of renovation between 1980 to 2006. The following three things have become clear. (1) Traditional house renovations are classified into 3types/8patterns. (2) While more than 80 % of main houses are preserved along the main road, many annexes are rebuilt along the living streets. (3) There are several cases that spatial constitution of the traditional house and the main building have been lost under the influence of plural renovations.

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Currently, necessities of building height control are increasing, because the conflicts, which have occurred with constructing condominium, have showed across the country. In this study contents of Highest Height Control Zones with absolute Height Control and their designation process was analyzed through cases of widely designated cities across the country. As a result, we showed this cases was majority and have increased in designation number in recent years. And we showed two designation ways have existed, and it is necessary to designate from the viewpoint of the entire city. Moreover we showed it is important to investigate the current state, and to decide the guideline by administrative divisions from the viewpoint of supporting municipalities.

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This paper deals with evaluation of the economic effect that townscape regulations give as the land value. Although the consciousness of townscape is enforced by the Landscape Law and the ordinance, the economic effects are not well appreciated. In order to evaluate the economic effects, this study focuses on the change of the land price where regulations of buildings have been adopted in many years in Japan, and analyzed them by the Hedonic Approach. Case studies are selected among the historic preservation district in Japan; City of Kanazawa, Kurashiki, and Hagi. The result is generally as a following: the presence of regulations for historic preservation districts has positive influence of the land price in residential and commercial zones of three cities.

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This study aims to clarify the topographical feature of location of villas which were built in the Meiji and Taisho era around Futakotamagawa on Kokubunji terrace cliff side. The cliff is 10-20m high in the east side of the Tamagarwa River and has topographical complexity. This area had been left as useless land for agriculture until the wealthy, e.g. Kenjiro Den, Koyata Iwasaki, Yonosuke Shimizu and Daiichi-ginko Bank, found it desirable for their villas in the Meiji and Taisho era. By comparing the historical materials on landed property with old topographical maps the location of villas was distinguished were located in the projecting part of the cliff. By the 3D computer graphic system it was clarified that each part looked like a mound from some viewpoints of the river side. It is supposed that the wealthy possessed land which looked separate topographically.

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This paper aims to propose a method to identify the characteristics of townscapes by applying Space Syntax theory developed by Bill Hillier. We can quantitatively analyze the structures of street patterns, which provide one of the main characteristics of the visual impressions of the areas, by the Integration Value indicator in the theory. This analysis was applied on eastern area of Setagaya ward, Tokyo, which contains areas of various street patterns and townscapes. The impressions of the townscapes were also clarified though a field survey. As a result, we can show that the types of townscapes in urban areas are probably identified by the combination of land use zoning types reflecting the use and the height of buildings and the Integration Value indicator that explains the characteristics of urban grid.

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The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of historical wooden house stock in the central area of Kanazawa City, focusing on historical land use and subdivision career of lots and their spatial characteristics. The findings are as follows. More than half of the lots have experienced subdivision after Meiji Period. Focusing on the frontage, depth/frontage rario, area, the lots formed two groups; lots in former middle class warriors' district and common foot warriors' district, lots in former upper class warriors' residence and merchant class districts. Though the percentage of lots with setback increased not only in former warrior's district but also in merchant class districts, its' tendency was stronger in former warriors' districts regardless of the frontage or depth of the lot.

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We previously showed that urban environmental sounds lacked for inaudible high-frequency component (HFC) and could result in various modern diseases through decrease in the deep brain activity(DBA). These findings suggest a strategy to improve the urban information environment by complementing urban environmental sounds with HFC. We made a proof experiment at the actual urban space in Hikone City to examine the physiological and psychological effects of the complement of the urban environmental sound with HFC originated from natural environmental sounds of tropical rain forests. We found some positive effects including enhancement of the power of the alpha frequency range of the electroencephalogram, which serves as the index of stress-free status and highly correlates with DBA, and increase of the activities of NK cell and decrease the stress hormones.

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This study is present the evaluation method of the ecological network in urban area by using remote sensing and geography information system in order to discuss conservation of the regional ecosystem. The small-scale green space such as wooded backyard is made out by interpretation of high-resolution satellite image and analysis of digital surface model and digital terrain model in urban area of Suginami city in Tokyo. The suggested habitat evaluation method of Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker, an indicator species of ecological network, is verified by field investigation. In addition, this paper proposed evaluation of the future scenarios such as decrease of private green space in study area in order to study effective green space planning.

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This research is designed to propose lively activities as a new step for utilizing public space in urban ports. The document investigation and hearing were investigated in the research, and a concrete implementation requirements for lively activities in harbors was examined according to the space of the waters use, the revetment use, and the shed use referring to the road and the river where lively activities was executed pioneering it in a public space. As a result, conditions of release of eight items, conditions of release according to the condition of six items, and the consideration matter of two items were presented as an implementation requirements.

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The sightseeing spot have many important histories and natures. So It is usually difficult to build barrier-free facilities in sightseeing spot because there are trade- off relations between sightseeing resource preservation and barrier-free facilities. The purpose of this paper is to find the priority between sightseeing resource preservation and barrier-free facilities in case of KAIRAKUEN PARK. Firstly, a questionnaire survey was executed for elderly and disabled people and normal people. Second, using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), the comparisons of the consciousness about trade- off relations is analyzed. Then the differences of consciousness between elderly & disabled people and normal people are turned out. Finally, the study process of building barrier-free facilities are proposed.

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This paper aims to clarify the transformation of "Book-Town" Kanda-Jinboucho as a mature specialty store town since 1968, to get knowledge for continuous development. The conclusions are as follows; 1) Kanda-Jinboucho matured as a book town around 1960 when secondhand book festival began. 2) The number of bookstore has largely increased after 1995 and in late years it reaches about 200. Kanda-Jinbocho keeps its vitality through internal/external exchange. 3) New bookstores that were established after 1968 are for general customers, but they don't have open appearance. Some of them make effort to be more open by Sunday's operation. 4) The each quarter is characterized by its bookstores. Kanda-Jinboucho has kept its original characteristic and growth through several quarters that have different character.

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In this study, the difference between landscape evaluation in outdoor and landscape evaluation in laboratory experiment using moving image was examined. First of all, the viewpoint behavior with the case of laboratory experiment was compared with the case of outdoor walking experiment by using eye-mark recorder. In addition, four kinds of landscape evaluation results with the case of laboratory experiment were compared with the case of outdoor walking experiment. As the result, it was confirmed that the landscape evaluation based laboratory experiment using moving image was approximately equivalent to the evaluation in outdoor walking experiment. However there were some differences between the result of laboratory experiment and outdoor walking experiment. Keywords: Moving image, Outdoor walking experiment, Laboratory experiment, Viewpoint behavior,

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The designated management system began in 2003. Using this system, designated manager had been expected to make city parks more comfortable spaces with various citizen' involvement. But private enterprises had not been supposed to have enough experiences of cooperation with citizens. Also, citizens had been supposed that they might be anxious about the park management by private enterprises. Therefore, to make clear what is necessary for these designated managers to build good relationship with citizen' groups, I investigated how these designated managers have tried to cooperate with citizen' groups and how citizen' groups evaluated these managers' works. As a result, I made clear that these managers could be divided in three groups by situation with citizen' groups and each group was work pattern to make good relationship.

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The purpose of this study is to get the knowledge of the effect of the city park management by designated manager's system in case of Gosyo lake and Hanamaki regional park in Iwate Prefecture. The results are as follows. (1)In the selection of an administration, collaboration with community is important as well as a management plan. (2)The system promotes collaboration with community. (3)When they received a subsidy, it is hard to build relation of equality. (4)The system can cut down a management cost and advance citizen participation. On the other hand, we clarified following problem. (1)Information disclosure isn't achieved enough. (2)It's hard for community and manager to understand each other. (3)Administration by designated manager is not known to general users yet.

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This paper is a report about a series of activity of community planning conducted by an NPO, focusing on a process of development of activity "by children for children" basing on a "community salon" in Daido elementary school area in central Naha. In this case children and supporting members for community activity worked out together a questionair survey of children's activity after school and Sunday, an observation of outdoor activity in the neighborhood and an action to improve ourdoor play space. This case is considered as an important example of practice by children and cooperating people with a combination of "community salon" making, research activity and improvement activity of outdoor play space.

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An experience of traditional construction method by schoolchilderen is performed in Yame-fukushima, where is a conservation district for goups of historical buildings, Fukuoka. The purpose of this study is the followings. 1) The first is to investigate and bring up management systems of the traditional method of construction by schoolchilderen that architects coordinate. 2) Another purpose is to analyze the evaluation made by the schoolchildren who participated in it.

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This paper aims at drawing the characteristics of "Hyuga-city Kasseika Juku",held in the integrated study period (Sogo Gakushu Jikan)at Tomitaka Elementary School,at analyzing evaluation by the pupils and the relevant people,and at obtaining some useful information for city vitalization. In the classes,the pupils were required to design and make wooden street-stalls,'Yume-Yatai,and to use them in events in the central city. Analyses of questionnaire after the study reveal that the pupils develop the sense of cooperation and show interests in their town. Based on the analysis,it can be said that the study process and the growth of the pupils'consciousness are very similar to the process of city vitalization. That is,this kind of education process promote city vitalization.

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A rent subsidy system, established by ministerial ordinance, has been implemented in many Superior Quality Rental Housing for Elderly People (SQREP). Using data on the contractual rent amount and the subsidized rent amount as well as interviews with officers of local governments and housing corporations, this research tries to clarify the problems and improvements needed in the subsidy system. This paper shows (i) the system does not consider the site location factor (ii) since the amount of subsidy is high in some of the SQRHEP, there is a risk of some residents being forced to move out when the subsidy period ends (iii) some local governments are shifting to original systems which can reflect the site location factors.

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Some local governments plan to reduce the number of units of public housing stocks. This research supposes the removals of residents from abolished units based on the large- scale reorganization plan of public housing in Kagawa Prefecture. Main findings are as follows. 1) If they hope to live in sustained public housing, they must move to empty units in suburbs, outside of DID. 2) There is no house which is similar to the level of space and low rent of the apartment that planned completely abolished in Takamatsu City. 3) From the viewpoint of the rent, it is higher than other households that possibility that two person households remove to private rented houses. These findings suggest that the plan of reducing units should be reviewed because the alternative houses are inadequate.

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This paper aims to clarify the resident's mind about residence selection, based on the questionnaire survey at 4 suburban housing estates that developed in Fukui City. The main conclusions are as follows. 1)About 70% of whole households are willing to continue living, though not only by the positive reasons. 2)On the other hand, the households who are willing to move out feel uneasy about their old age living rather than inconvenience in daily life. 3) Totally, resident's mind to continue living is related to the size of site and house, and 180m2 of site seems to be a boundary of the minds. 4) About 40% of the households who are willing to continue living and 60% of the households who are willing to move out, are not intend to inherit or have negative view about the succession to their children.

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This paper aims to investigate decision-making process on the machizukuri system of project type collaborative planning, and to clarify the point at issue of the decision-making. Machizukuri plays very important role, because of the diversification of the citizens needs and the dissatisfaction of an administrative resource. In that field, the collaborative planning has increased, that the administration and the citizens appropriately allot the role and they work on the problem solution cooperatively. The collaborative planning was optional policy for the municipalities, but now contents of the machizukuri are abundant quantitatively and qualitatively, so some advanced municipalities are working on the institutionalization.

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This paper aims to investigate application of the urban proposal system by citizen initiatives. The system was established in 2003 and its main purpose was to introduce initiatives and ideas of citizen in planning process. The paper especially focuses on the cases where residents take important roles in the proposal process to protect their living environment and examines achievements and problems of the system. There have been 28 urban proposals by 2005. 70% of them are proposed by developers and only 4 cases are proposed residents. The study on these 4 cases shows that constraints and problems of application of this system by citizen. To promote citizen initiatives in use of the urban proposal systems, supports for consensus building, expertise and skills in planning, and financial supports are required.

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We investigate relationship between local assembly and city planning process based on both quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis of membership in city planning councils (CPC) of Tokyo metropolitan cities highly suggests the diversity in 1) how the membership in CPC overlaps with assembly as a whole and their standing committee and 2) how the partisanship proportion in assembly represents in CPC. Furthermore, case studies in cities of Nerima and Kokubunji reveal the fact that senior officers in city planning departments formally consult with the standing committee members on a regular bases; however, it pertains to particular political/organizational culture or geographical conditions for them to rely on individual contacts with each member depending on the context of issues concerned.

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Recently in Japan, the number of disputes related to constructing new condominiums is on the rise. This paper aims to find the way to control the building volume by effective Development Review System from the case study of Citizen-led Design review in Seattle, Washington. We investigated the applications of Design Review and Land use permits with focus on Appeal application. In the process, developers can apply the Development Standard Departure when their design better meets the intent of the design guidelines. By adjusting the setback and deciding the architectural style and color, the process becomes feasible. However, Height control is difficult using that kind of review system. The key to the height and building control is the issue of bulk study in the early stage of the Design Review process.

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The community policy of Japan started by the government in 1969 has seen the deployment term in recent years. Required authority and financial resources are transferred to residents. In this paper aims to analyze the delegated power system and the current state of resident autonomy organization. Firstly, we grasp the empowerment policy to the resident autonomy organization in the whole country. Then, we choose the policy of Nabari city and Fukuoka city, because they give priority to the transfer of the resources which the local community organization can use freely at their discretion, and to the authority to execute business. We clarified the contents of the policies and the activity process of resident autonomy organization.

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This paper aims at examining the actual process of formation of local governance in Japanese regional cities; Kanazawa City, Takamatsu City and Matsuyama City. In Kanazawa, the process of the implementation of urban regeneration policy is characterized as the corporatist plan-led approach, that of Takamatsu is characterized as the market oriented project-led approach and that of Matsuyama can be characterized as the bottom-up initiative approach. In the case of corporatist plan-led approach, the involvement of wide range of stakeholders is a key issue, while in the case of market oriented project-led approach, the formation of the arena for local governance is of decisive importance. In the case of bottom-up initiative approach, it is found that the flexible networking among the city government, the private sector initiative and civic sector initiative is needed.

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This study aims to evaluate urban redevelopment projects in Tokyo downtown area by developing an original GIS database. The database developed by the authors covers various types of redevelopment projects under different regulations and institutions, which has never been summarized in a comprehensive way. With the before-after comparison of the project areas by using the database, the authors have revealed the increase floor area ratio and the decrease of the share of wooden houses, whose influence is observed even in surrounding areas. The redevelopment cases can be classified into four groups based on the change of floor use, which was found to be related with location characteristics.

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The Physical improvement of built-up area is one of the hardest issues in city plannning in Japan. For tackling this issue, small-scale Land Readjustment Programme was developed, and a number of projects are materialized under this programme. On the other hand, cooperation with the private sector is promoted by the central government, even in urban regeneration. This paper deals with samll-scale Land Readjustment Projects by the private sectors, and attempts to clarify how effects of the projects can be seen around the project area. From the simulation, effects can be seen on the cost of project by the Hedonic approach; they are inexpensive compare with the public sector's works and are effectively worked for surroundings. Accordingly, it is important to draw up the clear standard based on the situation of the area.

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In recent years, there is a tendency that the sites of demolished factories are replaced with houses and flats in theresidential-industrial mixed use area. And it causes various problems and deteriorates both residential and industrialenvironments. Thus, nowadays, the control plan for new housing location is necessary. In this paper, we tried to examine the realities of disordered housing and analyze its progress considering the changes of building coverage, floor area ratio, land use and characters of road. Finally, this paper proposes the exclusion plan for the progress factor of disordered housing.

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This study aims to clarify the problem of the system design in the height regulation. Recently, the introduction of the height regulation advances from an aspect of the environmental maintenance with the high stratification of the building. However, easy introduction of regulation is possibility of bringing the obstruction of the city vitality and a civil life, the appropriate system design is required. Then, the background and the purpose of the height regulation introduction, and the focus was appropriated to the system of the restriction, especially the exception measures, for the municipality in Tokyo, and the realities were analyzed, and considered. As a result, it pointed out that the exception handling of the existing unsuitable building, and setting of the limit height corresponding to the regional realities and the site scale, are important as a problem on the system design.

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This paper discusses the background and content of the height control system for high-rise buildings and the design review system enforced in 2006 in Ginza District of Chuo City, Tokyo. There, due to conflict concerning a high-rise construction plan, building heights have come to be restricted to under 56m in accordance with the Ginza Rule enforced in 1998, and those who will newly construct buildings and structures have come to be required to reach consensus with Ginza Design Council through the design review system based on the administrative guideline. This trial balloon should set a benchmark concerning how urban regeneration policies should be carried out. Lastly, this paper points out two problems, first, the need for development of project assessment techniques for land use plan and land use control, and, secondly, expansion of the range of applicants, settlement of standing criteria, and establishment of detailed procedures for the design review system.

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The 1970 Building Standards Law was set out to provide a structure for the modern zoning system, including a variety of uses of zones. In one of the drafts for the 1970 law that was recently discovered, however, it was found out that essential issues to the zoning system were examined and discussed. In this research, I shed light on the given-up draft to analyze it from the following three viewpoints: 1) howimportant the draft is to the history of the Japanese zoning system; 2) whether regulations on the use of buildings, building shape, etc., that were set out in the draft would have helped better urban planning; 3) how the essence of the draft can be revived for today's zoning system in Japan and if it can, how it will be included in the future amendments.

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This study examines the rebuilding process that followed World Trade Center(WTC) 9.11 2001 attack in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City,focusing on the planning process and stakeholder involvement, a good case study for collaborative planning. Addition to LMDC,professional groups played significant role in coordinating with the many stakeholders to ensure each stakeholder's value would be reflected into rebuilding plan. What is more important is that professional groups present several scenarios and alternative plan from various aspect of vies, and this made rebuilding plan more comprehensive. Govenor Pataki controls the final decision process, and this proves that it is essential to give authority for coordinating body to implement collaborative planning.

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