This empirical study aims at finding out the rural population’s real need, in terms of physical accessibility, for the public health care services and at assessing tie feasibility of the micro computer application of location-allocation model based upon the defined objectity functions and data availability. Several kinds of field surveys, including the interview surveys of sample households and pick-up bus drivers, survey of the patient registry records etc., were conducted in Northeast Thailand. These field suveys revealed the behavioral pattern of the people under the two-level hierarchical health care service system. From the findings, the Maxinizing Attendance Model of location-allocation was formlated.

This paper introduces a multi-district dynamic model of a regional system developed as an instrument for long-term development planning on the regional level. The basic structure of this regional system is described by System Dynamics. A case study employing the model is carried out in the region composed of the southern part of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai Municipality in China. A comparative review on the outputs of three simulation cases suggests that improvement of the transportation networks will be effective for the control of population inflow into large cities. On the other hand, promotion of rural industries will have the same effect, but it may lower economic growth in the region as a whole if the productivity of these industries does not adequately increase.

Recently several small depopulated cities make efforts to activate their own communities. Various measures are created on the basis of the individuality of cities. In this study a technique on extracting key meaures for town plan was proposed firstly. Another method, fuzzy structural technique was applied to the social preference,e.g. the preference of inhabitants, of the measures. The contribution rule was introduced in order to evaluate the inhabitants' utilities. Finally, the preferential structures between the inhabitants and municipal planners were compared with each other.

This study investigates the dynamic multi-regional model with reference to the regional optimal capital stock, which has been studied in the neoclassical theory of private investment, focusing on the interregional private investment and labor migration. The model built in this study has been validated for tracing the past socio-economic trend of Japan's nine regions, thus this approach is considered to be quite effective for national development planning and/or regional planning.

The Construction of a new highway brings about various impact on regional economy, such as changes in industrial structure, population, local finance and so on. This paper examines major changes in regional economic structure, which have happened after the completion of Chugoku Highway in Okayama Prefecture. Findings show that the Chugoku Highway has promoted the industrial location and has reduced intra-regional differences in Okayama Prefecture.

This paper was the development of a tentative land utilization plan based on an examination of the history and progress of urban sprawl in a part of Osaka City, in order to solve the un healthy and stressful urbanization. The study suggests that a land utilization plan herein presented could have prevented most of the present unsightly and inefficient urban sprawl in the study area. This study can be helpful in enabling farmland owners and administrators to better understand the importance of initiating effective countermeasures against urban sprawl.

The migration between urban and rural areas are caused by differences of living environment in both of them. The out-migration from rural areas is derived from dissatisfaction at living environment in rural areas. On the other hand, in-migration from urban areas is derived from some specific factors. In this paper, firstly, we have studied their factors that influence in/out-migration. Secondly, we have analysed the decision making process of the migration between urban and rural areas, based on the evaluation of living environment. Finally, we have analysed the relation between migration (choice behaviour), and their influencing factors of the process, and have examined the relation between the migration and living environment in urban and rural areas.

The process of planning "Policy of Urban Renewal" needs an efficient and scientific approach. We hope that computer support systems are useful for this process. In this study, at first we investigate some problems in this process. Secondary we give some functions of the planning support systems. And then we propose a synthetic evaluation method which applied Analytic Hierarchy Process.

In this paper, we propose a land-use model to support framing of regional land use plan based on the National Land-use Planning Act. The basic conception of the model is built on econometric analysis. One of the specific feature of this model is that it is intended to apply not only to the urbanized area but also to the agricultural and forest area. We apply the model to Osaka Prefecture and perform a final test and some simulations. As a result, we could confirm its effectiveness.

This study aims to estimate environmental impact costs of urban trunk roads by residents' consciousness, and to analyse discontent and damage consciousness of resident along urban trunk roads by using time series data of 1981 and 1988. In this study, we use results of our survey which consist of the questionare on the elements of environment, their evaluations and the pair comparisons of them. And for estimating environmental impact costs we use the preferential questions between hypothetical situations and real situations. Consequently, the changes of environmental impacts are analyzed, and the monetary conversion factors of environmental impacts are estimated by residents' consciousness, and environmental impacts costs of urban trunk roads are showed, as the function of the traffic volume and the distance from the road.

The new system of zoning regulation of Tokyo was executed in 1973. The zoning regulation plan of 1973 was characterized by the intensification of zoning regulation for the preservation of living condition in residential areas. The zoning regulation plan is being revised on a large scale in 1989. The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the 1989 revise of zoning regulation plan. As a result, it is the deregulation of land use and architectural volume for the promotion of renewal of houses which were constructed in the 1950s and 1960s and urban redevelopment for fire-proof city.

This paper analysed the condition of the location of information processing industories in Tokyo metoropolitan area, and the factors of removing and location of this industories of which are now located in the hert and subcenter of Tokyo. And examind on the possibility and the effect of reagglomeration of the information processing industories and the electronic date processing division in the companies to the suburban core cities.

In order to operate evacuation control properly when post-earthquake fires may spread throughout the city, information about damage along the evacuation route should be collected as many pieces as possible and disseminated to the residents correctly. However, there has been no scientific evidence on how useful and effective these information are for the residents to evacuate safely. This paper aims to prove information effect on safe evacuation. Experimental data which were drawn from the Gaming Exercise in Disaster Response held in 1987 were applied to the analysis.

This paper relates to the behavior of fire spread speed by the Fire Spread Model in an urban area. The model has two factors concerning the fire spread process, e.g. a sequential and a jumping fire spread. Using the model, the sequential fire spread speed is calculated by the method of computer simulation, and it becomes clear that the fire spread speed in an urban area has close relation to wooden building ratio, building coverage in objective area, and wind speed which has an effect on the jumping fire process. And the calculation method of fire spread speed without computer simulation is proposed.

As for analyze post-earthquake city fire for planning of the Fire Prevention Unit System and the Emergency Neasures, the model is requested simplicity and flexibility. This paper is aimed to develop a new type simulation model for a post-earthquake city fire corresponding to any winds condition, analyse the response of it and use this model, the relation between a post-earthquake city fire and a urban prevention facilities can be obtained.

The aim of this study is to investigate how rapid and effective housing supply and recovery can be achieved after big disasters. We will further examine the housing rehabilitation and reconstruction process from the viewpoint of disaster reduction policy. The tasks for emergency housing countermeasure are discussed through case study on typical twelve disasters like storms, typhoons, earthquakes, and city fires which occurred in Japan. Then the study clarified the planning subjects on each stage in housing recovery process.

In recent days the demand for allotments in urban areas is considerably increasing, and then the appropriate development policy of the urban allotment is urgently requested. In these wanting circumstances of the urban allotment, I performed the questionnaire survey of user's needs for the two urban allotments opened in Tokushima city in 1987 and 1988, and clarified the characteristics of user's inherent attributes, consciousness and behaviors by the analyses of the Quantification Theory II Si I of the data obtained. And then, the pertinently discerning development policy of the urban allotment was proposed.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the cognzance and the extent of children's living space in a rural area utilizing the cognitive map method. The cognizance of children develops with them firstly by cognizing regions in the euclidean space, then perceiving buildings by sites. Perceived objects which concentrate on roads and in villages in lower grades extend to the fields as the children grow up. The children perceive object in the ‘gestalt' way, namely, perceiving an object which appears as a 'figure' in a monotonous field which becomes a ‘ground'.

The purpose of this paper is to explain regional social change which caused by regional development. The methodology which used in this paper, divides regional structure into four functional requisites. Those are (1) economical influence, (2) attainment of political goal, (3) social interaction, and (4) evaluation of value. And by investigating substantial case study, it is discussed their structure respectively and point out their interactions.

This paper touches upon the spatial features of open land as farmlands and woodland in both the urbanization promotion area and its control area of local cities. The variety of sizes of them was considered as key factors for potential open space planning development. The size of centralized open land was considered as 0.3 Ha for existing status, and this intended to act as minimum lot size of unplanned openspace distribution. On the other hand, the size of them has been minimized about 2 Ha in the category of more than 10 Ha, and 1 Ha in those of between 1 Ha and 10 Ha.

This is to summarize the contents of the study which was conducted aiming to reach to the conclusion on the spatial characteristics of the planted areas of the site concerned. After ten years of building activities in the research areas the following observations brought the findings that the sites have been reduced to minimize the quality of the greenery of the sites concerned. The simplification of the greenery was brough in the numbers of trees and the variety of species.

In Indonesia, there already exist systematic national city planning act and local building regulation system since colonial period. However, their effect on the low income housing area is rather limited. Here discussed are (1) existing city planning and building regulation system and (2) their formative background, (3) post-war revision of building regulations, (4) findings on the reality of existing system from recent surveys, and (5) discussion on the future improvement from viewpoint of vast varied locality of urban housing problems in Indonesian plenty of islands.

This paper aims at clarifying the problem of the model project of the government, focusing on that of the ministry of Home Affairs. At first, the relations are found, between the model project and the elements of the physical environment basing on the current of the regional politics after WWII. Secondly, the distinctions of the projects are gained concerning with the operating body, the project, and subsidy of the Community Planning Project of the ministry of Home Affairs.

Use zoning in Japan has the dual role: to control the use and volume of buildings and to roughly indicate future desirable land use pattern. This paper attempts to clarify how control measures of the Use Zone system realise the latter role in general, and to analyse changes in industrial land use within non-industrial zones in particular. Both direct and indirect effects of zoning controls are investigated mainly by examining the results of a questionnaire survey of large- and medium-sized factories in Tokyo.

The zoning regulation of Japan does not control location of any type of house basically. This paper studies relation between zoning and building activities of detached houses through analyzing survey results carried out in Kanazawa. Main findings are as follows: (1)Larger houses tends to locate in exclusively residential districts(ERDs), and smaller houses tends to locate in industrial districts(IDs). (2)Households evaluate their living en-vironment fairly good in ERDs and not good in IDs in general. (3)Households have relatively a few knowledge about zoning system, though households in ERDs have a certain level of it. (4)Building activities of houses for sale have wide variety between types of zoning.

This study aims to clarify how resort areas in Florida had started up and developed since 1860's to be world-famous resort areas,and have transformed their claracterctics. Based on the survey and hearing on local history of whole Florida and of several municipalities, following are found out; Devolopment process of resort areas in whole Florida is devided into 6 periods, and 9 factors which affected to accelate the process are devided. O Start-up types of resort areas are classified into 4 types, established resort areas are characterized as 4 types, and types of additional charactaristics after established are classified into 4 types. There exist several patterns of development and transformation process as resort areas.

In metropolitan area, many old used houses have been rebuilding, but problems on rebuilding are made up of many complexed factors. Therefore we have tried to approach modeling the problem from the aspect of individual recognition by using DEMATEL method, and examine inconsistency with municipal rebuild housing policy.

This paper aims to propose the reasonable calculation method of compensation ratio for underground use taking into account of ground property and building foundation, based on fact-finding of buildings in Tokyo and structural design of building foundation. As a result, it has been made clear that i) this calculation method is more reasonable than conventional one, ii) compensation ratio depends on ground property, building volume ratio to lot, and size of lot, and iii) it is useful for decrease of compensation ratio to use friction piles, as the case may be.

All the changes in individual improvement of homes, permanent settlement, movement pattern, and dilapidation or renewal of housing stocks give influence or the betterment of community and residential district. This paper studies this influence in the case of changing suburbs with small ready-built houses for sale.

This article deals with the method for revision of floor-ratio regulation at residential area in the case of Yokohama City. At the first part, we analyze the relation between de-regulation of floor-ratio and change of the environment at revised districts. Then, at the second part, we evaluate the revision of floor-ratio by the estimation of residents' at revised districts and non-revised districts. Through the two parts, we discuss about how to harmonize various needs depending on the characteristics of their own environment and value.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the inefficiency of land use in campuses of Japanese national universities and colleges, and to discuss the possibilities of more intensive land use in campus, so that they may accommodate their growth more flexibly and obtain more stable spatial position within the cities as essential elements of urban complex.

This paper discusses and proposes on planning and programing methodology of a large scale real estate development from the viewpoints of effective implementation and coordination between a local government and developers.

After the investigation into the actual conditions of the object area for studying, we make plans for rebuilding and simulate the balance of income and outgo. Then we compare the effect of various finacial systems, and examine the balance of income and outgo of these systems. Finally, we compare the individual rebuilding with the cooperative one. After these study, we make sure the conditions and the problems in case of inducing the cooperative rebuilding.

This article deals with the synthesis of the local housing guidelines in the case of Tokyo-ku Wards, mainly focused on their applicative phase. Through the examination, the followings are concluded. 1) housing guidelines should be changed for improving the street environment and multiple dwelling houses. 2) at the bottom level, national minimum living standard for single person is very important to set higher standard locally. 3) to promote the effectiveness and legal base, local housing guidelines are to be separated into legal procedure step and local standard guidelines.

In this study, we found that following factors have formed high densly built-up areas. 1) during from 1920 to 1929,heavy industrial factories have been located on Nagoya city, and there were demand for a number of houses that many workers and their families have come to live. 2) land-lords, who were farmers having not so many agricaltural-land, could not surpply a many of planned houses themselves, for their shortage of fund: 3) the planning standard of re-ajustment of arable land action, were not so high that these districts have to be come to high densly built-up areas.

In Senri New Town, purchase facilities are arranged in three-step-composition, that is, Neighborhood-center, Area-center and Town-center. Up to now, however, even the neighborhood -centers have been failing in attracting as many shoppers as expected and are facing a problem in maintainance, a great number of shopping stalls (unplanned facilities) are found scattered in almost every residential section and receiving a welcome from residents. In this study, by making investigation into how shopping stalls are located in new town, how they are maintained and used. we try to find out what kind of suggestion can be got from the appearance of shopping stalls when making a plan of purchase facilities in new town.

It is the purpose of this study to survey the motorcycles parking condition and to analyze the necessity of its parking space in the housing estate. The results are as follows; 1)From the motorcyclist's point of view the availability of secure motorcycle parking is a pre-requisite, 2) On the other hand, its non-user's point of view are using problems of motorcycle which arising from noise and danger, 3) In the motorcycles use and parking, different cognition of motorcyclist and non-users are; on the selection of parking space and parking styles in the case of establishments of parking facilities and the rule of motorcycles use etc.

It is important for conservation of the traditional district to investigate from broad and general view point .The purpose of the present study is to gain fundamental data for conservation planning in Matsushiro, former Samurai district. A questionnaire was set out to residents and areal physical data were investigated. After analysing the answers and the data, area1 differences of thinking way of residentiary between in and around the traditional conservation zone were made clear.

The authors of this article reviewed and evaluated 'Development Negotiation Procedure (Machizukuri Kyougi)' of Yokohama City as a prototype of negotiation-based local planning or urban design control system. They identify the purpose of Development Negotiation Procedure reviewing historical evolution of the system, analyse the actual nagotiation process through the inquiry to the local government officers, and evaluate the implication of the system as an area management planning process.

Long before the system of statuary district plan was enacted in 1980, the plans which used for object of agricultural land readjustment, land readjustment, and also designated building line have been eventually functioning in Japan as a kind of "district plan". In this article, southern built-up area of OSAKA City is taken as an example. The author discusses effect of controlling on physical planning item by plans of agricultural land readjustment, land readjustment, etc. as a eventual district plan in the process of being built-up.

The aim of this study is to clarify the projects for modernization of the shopping street which have been started in 1964 and the number of improved shopping streets have become eighty till 1987. And these projects have a tendency to be putted into operation with the other projects for the city planning like road projects, land readjustment projects and redevelopment projects. The projects for modernization of shopping streets are analyzed from the view point of the relationship between the shopping street projects and the city planning projects.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze moving types of residents who live in suburban area in Tokyo. A the result of this study, moving types in Nerima u are classified five groups, We have an intention that a group of moving to the same area is important for planning of local housing strategy. A study on the public housing estates built by Tokyo Metropolitan Government in 1960s, a dwelling of the estates is so small that many tenants move to neighborhood area.

Public transport industry in the informal sector plays a significant role in many developing cities. This paper analyzes the characteristics of urban transport policies-in three Asian cities, namely Hong Kong, Bangkok and Colombo, in relation with the informal public transport sector. The informal ''public transport are gradually being regulated in Hong Kong and Bangkok. The functional role of the informal transport is clearly recognized in Hong Kong but not in Bangkok. On the other hand, the bus industry was deregurated and it succeeded in Sri Lanka, although there are some problems to be solved.

This paper carries out a rare analysis on urban car ownership in a developing nation. This is accomplished, by first constructing disaggregate models that estimate car ownership per household by incorporating data from questionnaires we distributed in metropolitan Manila in the Philippines. The validity of these models is then checked. One of these models, which include a variable expressing the level of LRT facility development, is checked by a back projection test containing 1980 HIS data. Finally, the relationship of car ownership and the level of LRT facility development is examined.

In this paper, we investigate effects of central area parking policy on shopping trips, especially from the viewpoint of a mean of encouraging the depressed urban center. We build choice model for transportation mode and destination, which involves some variables of parking service; i.e.capacity and location of parking facility, parking fee, walking time to destination. Using this model, we present the effect of parking policies and suggest the necessity to be included in over-all urban transport planning.

The paper describes a model of user-equilibrium in parking choice behavior. The key concept is equilibrium between parking service and user's performance. The model is formulated with "load factor", which is a measure of congestion and presents level of service in a parking facility. "Load factor" can be measured in terms of waiting time or available capacity, and we use them in each way. Using data of parking user's trips in holiday, we examine these models and present their validity of estimation comparing with general choice model.

The present report aims at presenting basic data for the transportation planning in the aging society. Firstly, relationship between the age and the handicapped is clarified. Secondly, traffic behavior and mobility restriction is grasped. Lastly, attitude toward transportation is analyzed. In addition, some considerations for improvement of traffic facilities are described.

The purposes of this study are to build a planning method, including the framework-type evaluation process, for station square planning in urban area and to make the issues in planning clearer through the application of this planning method. As a result, we found there exist a lot of interest groups, in deciding the location of facilities for buses, taxies and 'kiss and ride' users, and we clarified the issues in operating those facilities after choosing one alternative location plan.

In residential areas, some streets might be seeen occupied by heavy on-street parking , for example, along the school's wall or park's fence. The aim of this study is to examine various problems and available schemes to improve street environment and safety at such streets. By analyzing parking chracteristics, this study clarifies that there are three types of such streets. Then, residents' consiousness about several schemes to reduce or controle parking is compared among these street types.

It is said that there are many problems in the planning and design of "Community Roads" which have their origin in the "Woonerf" in the Netherlands and aim to realize shared space in residential neighborhood. These problems include long and tough negotiations among police, residents concerned, public authorities managing running water, sewage, electricity, fire defense, and so forth. In this study, questionnaires answered by local authority staff were examined and the problems they met in constructing "community roads" were investigated, and inconsistencies among regulations were pointed out; and means to solve these problems were suggested.