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Volume 48 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 585-
- Issue 5 Pages 457-
- Issue 4 Pages 331-
- Issue 3 Pages 235-
- Issue 2 Pages 131-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 48, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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YOSHITERU TAKEIArticle type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 235-261,330-32
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAlthough lots of books and articles have been written concerning both Masters and Servants Acts (4 Geo. IV, c.34 and 30 & 31 Vict., c.141) and the Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration, almost all scholars have treated both these subjects separately without paying any attention to the connection between them. Putting a stress on the close connection between them, the author thinks, despite the general opinion, that these two Acts, called by D. Simon "the tail-end of the penal labour laws which were essential to the early growth of capitalism", could be maintained even until the second half of the nineteenth century, by the growing activity of the voluntary Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration. From the early part of the nineteenth century, the small masters, being embarrassed by labour disputes and unable to, or unwilling to, prosecute their workers according to these Acts, could come to agreement with them, as a result of the negotiation at the Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration. In spite of their helpfulness and usefulness, the Boards were often overlooked by both historians and specialists of the industrial relations. That was because they were organized not only voluntarily but also temporarily according to the requirement of the case, only to disappear unnoticed after the settlement of the disputes or the solution of the wage-problem. The author thinks that these notorious Acts would have been repealed much earlier than 1875 by the opposition of the working class, if every small master who suffered from labour disputes in the first half of the nineteenth century had to settle them by the oppressive Acts. The Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration were particularly useful to such industries as the framework knitting, the potteries and the silk industries where the relation between masters and operatives was the worst and the latter often went on strike before the Boards were formed. The author elucidates thc growing process of the Boards and their construction by citing those of thc three industries as examples in the third section of the article. He concludes that the Boards must have been much helpful to the economic growth of England at the time when small scale firms were still dominant, for the small masters could solve labour problems much more swiftly and more peacefully at the Boards than at any other places, for instance, a court of justice.View full abstractDownload PDF (2604K) -
HIDEMASA KOKAZEArticle type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 262-285,329-32
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn the period between the Sino-Japanese War and the First World War the subsidizing Shipping policy, together with the railway policy, was one of the most important mainstay of the Industrial Foundation Improvement Policies; for whereas the railway policy concerned domestic phases, the subsidizing shipping policy concerned the external. Though the shipping policies have been interpreted as consecutive during our period, they can rightly be considered to have changed in their nature, namely to have come to bear imperialistic characteristics as Japan turned to be imperialistic after the Russo-Japanese War. This paper approaches this problem through the subsidizing policy for ocean lines. While the shipping policy in the end of the Sino-Japanese War had been that of expansion of all the ocean lines at large by increasing the number of ships including imported vessels, it turned to selective subsidization according to the kinds of the sea lane and the ship on condition that the ships used were home production. Behind this movement there were expansion of foreign sea lanes in keeping with the growth of the Japanese shipping business, growth of the shipbuilding industry, and the expansion of regular ocean lines. In this shift of the policy, the policy of shipping subsidy was central, and the policy characterised by the two-fold subsidy, shipping subsidy for particular lines for the purpose of maintaining lines dependent largely on imported ships and navigation bounty, was changed to that characterised by regulation of management mainly by means of the system of official approval of freight rates provided in the Law of Ocean Line Subsidy, which aimed at the expansion of the regular mail ocean lines dependent on the steamers of Japanese production. The purpose of the policy after the Russo-Japanese War was the expansion of the net of world-wide regular ocean lines through strengthening international competitiveness, which sharply manifested the intention to cope with the western shipping businesses. The keynote of the policy oriented to achieving an equal position with the western countries strongly reflected the then diplomatic climate in which Japan was admitted internationally into the group of imperialistic world Powers because of her victory over Russia. Japan's intention was crystalised into a rising position of the Japanese shipping business in the world, for the intervention of the Japanese government through the system of official approval of freight rates succeeded in setting to a low level the freight rates of the Shipping Conference of European and American lines, which had an promotive effect on Japanese exportation by reducing distribution cost. In intending to be among the world Powers, the subsidizing policy of the ocean lines after the Russo-Japanese War took on an imperialistic character.View full abstractDownload PDF (2401K) -
SHUN-ICHI YUNOKIArticle type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 286-305,328-32
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper intends to make an analysis of the development and its logic of the peasant emigration movement to Manchuria in the period of so-called fascism in Japan through analysing the emigration movement in Nango Village, Miyagi Prefecture. People of rural districts in Japan were in great misery because of agricultural crisis at that time. "Peasant Emigration" was one of the policies that large landowners enforced to meet this situation. Those who had pushed on emigration movement to Manchuria persistently were G. Matsukawa, S. Minagawa, and S. Noda. Emigrants consisted mainly of peasants and agricultural labourers. Therefore, the emigration movement didn't contribute to the revival of their home village. It was remarkably noticed that they sent "brides" for emigrants to Manchuria from Nango Village. These "brides" were trained at Nango Koto Kokumin Gakko. The Pacific War had destroyed agricultural production completely, which broke down the emigration plan in Nango Village. Emigration to Manchuria ended in tragedy owing to the defeat of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1858K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 306-309
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (496K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 309-312
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (494K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 312-315
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (512K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 315-317
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (427K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 317-320
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (546K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 320-322
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (402K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 322-325
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (477K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 327-330
Published: August 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (177K)
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