SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY
Online ISSN : 2423-9283
Print ISSN : 0038-0113
ISSN-L : 0038-0113
Volume 60, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 183-205
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Akie NISHIKI
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 206-235,320
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to examine the continuous roles of ura-tone, village leaders, in order to establish that the grassroots socio-political structure of Wakasa Bay seaside villages did not change from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries. The first section investigates the structure of the villages in the sixteenth century. Soju, made up of ura-tone and otona, local political systems of villagers which ruled various aspects of village life, gradually developed. Each soju combined with others sharing common economic structures to form soju organizations, in order to widen their respective spheres of influence. Soju organizations were not under the direct control of sengoku-daimyo, feudal lords, in the sense that internal village problems were settled independently. The second section investigates the structure of the villages in the sixteenth century. Ura-tone and otona came to be called shoya and kumigashira in this era. However, the leaders of the villages and the people continued to settle internal disputes independently. This grassroots socio-political structure, called naisai, was the same as that which had existed since the fifteenth century. Murakata-sodo, protests against shoya, broke out when shoya which had ties with the Shogunate tried to benefit from its authority. Villagers refused to subordinate themselves totally to the Shogunate. This shows that villages were not the smallest political unit of the Shogunate, but were governed according to the general will of the villagers. In conclusion, the quasi-independent position of the seaside villages remained largely unchanged during the transition from 'medieval' to 'early modern' in Japan.
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  • Masako HIOKI
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 236-267,319
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Das Ubergangsproblem von der romischen zur mittelalterlichen Stadt in der europaischen Geschichte wirft auch heute noch eine Reihe von Fragen auf. Nach der alten Theorie war die Stadtentwicklung zwischen Altertum und Mittelalter durch einen tiefen Bruch gekennzeichnet. Durch umfassende historisch-archaologische Forschungen ins Wanken gebracht wurde diese Lehrmeinung in Europa in den 60 er Jahren unseres Jahrhunderts uberwunden. Zwar kann man der modifizierten Kontinuitatstheorie folgen, es ware aber vereinfacht zu sagen, daβ das Altertum nur in Etappen ins Mittelalter ubergegangen sei. Man wird auch bei einer kontinuierlichen Entwicklung von bruchigen Phasen ausgehen konnen. Dieses Problem wird im Beitrag aufgegriffen am Beispiel der Stadt Trier, die eine typische Entwicklung von der romischen Kaiser-zur mittelalterlichen Bischofsstadt durchlief. In den vorhandenen Darstellugen uber die Trierer Stadtgeschichte sind jedoch die ersten Jahrhunderte der Ubergangszeit, die sich allein in der merowingischen Epoche uber einen Zeitraum von 250 Jahren erstreckte, ziemlich knapp gehalten und nur summarisch beschrieben. Das historische, insbesondere archaologische Quellengut sollte also soweit moglich nach Entwicklungsphasen untergliedert behandelt werden, wodurch der Prozeβ des Trierer urbanen wiederaufbaus deutlicher sichtbar wird. Unter Zugrundelegung dieser Pramisse sind die folgenden Punkte zu beachten: (1) die historisch und archaologisch bezeugten kirchlichen und profanen Bauten in Trier; (2) die Analyse des archaologischen Fundmaterials unter dem Gesichtspunkt der konkreten damaligen wirtschaftlichen Situation; und (3) das Siedlungsproblem, vor dem die Romer und die Germanen gestanden haben. Anhand von Uutersuchungen, die solchen Fragestellungen verpflichtet sind, kann zusammengefaβt folgende These aufgestellt werden: Gerade das 7. Jahrhundert ist als ausgesprochene Wendezeit zu betrachten, als Wende von der romischen zur germanisch-frankischen Periode, die durch die Integration der beiden Bevolkerungsteile gekennzeichnet war und in der sich die wirtshaftliche Wiederbelebung sowie der stadtische Wiederaufbau unter frankischem Vorzeichen vollzog.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 268-270
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 271-273
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 273-276
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 276-279
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 279-281
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 282-284
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 284-287
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 288-291
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 291-293
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 293-295
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 296-299
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 299-301
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 302-305
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 305-308
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 308-312
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    1994Volume 60Issue 2 Pages 319-320
    Published: July 25, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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