SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY
Online ISSN : 2423-9283
Print ISSN : 0038-0113
ISSN-L : 0038-0113
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Volume 53, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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  • The Transition of Motive Power in Japanese Small- and Medium-Sized Factories : In the Case of the Cotton Weaving Industry
    Takeshi ABE, Takeo KIKKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 135-158,270
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_135
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    The purpose of this paper is to consider the influence of the transition of motive power on small- and medium- sized manufacturing industries in prewar Japan through the case study of the cotton-weaving industry. In Section 2, using Kojo Tsuran (ed. Noshomusho) and Boshoku Yoran (ed: Boshoku-Zasshi-Sha), we examined the composition of movers in terms of horsepower in important cotton-weaving areas in 1909, 1916, and three points in the 1920s. Through this work, we gained the following conclusions; 1) Main movers in those areas were petrol engines in the post-Russo-Japanese War period, and then gas engines and steam engines in World War I. 2) But in the first half of the 1920s, considerable areas changed gas engines and steam engines for electric motors, and by the latter 1920s, this conversion had already finished. 3) And in previous studies, the impact on small- and medium-sized manufacturing industries of introducing electric power is overestimated. As we examined in Section 3, according to Denki Jigyo Yoran which was annually published by Teishin-sho, the electric power rate in Japanese cotton weaving areas fell in 1910-1916 and 1925-1927, and rose in 1917-1924. 0ntheother hand, the price of coal was stable just before World War I and in the middle of the 1920s, ascended conspicuously during World War I, and dropped at the beginning of the 1920s. Therefore, the relative price of electric power to coal came down in 1910-1919 and 1925-1927, and went up in 1920-1924. The electrification of motive power in the Japanese cotton weaving industry depended on not only the transition of the relative price of electric power to coal, but also the extent of spread of power distribution networks. In spite of the fall in the relative price of electric power to coal, until World War I the electrification had been limited because of insufficiency of power distribution networks. Conversely at the beginning of the 1920s when the relative price rose, the electrification steadily developed owing to the spread of the power distribution networks. In the middle of the 1920s when the fall in the relative price of electric power to coal coexisted with the spread of the power distribution networks, the electrification was completed at a stroke. Beside these two factors the diffusion of small-sized electromotors was also important for the electrification of motive power in the Japanese cotton weaving industry.
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  • The Stock Market and Stock Price Formation in the Meiji Era
    Yutaka KATAOKA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 159-181,269
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_159
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    The purpose of this paper is to survey the function of the stock market in the Meiji Era. Most of modern companies in the Meiji Era were established as jointstock companies, which raised funds mainly by issuing stocks. In that era the stock market played an important role in the establishment of the modern industries, however, it was under peculiar circumstances where only a few descriptions were dealt on credit in the stock exchange and the spot transactions were performed outside the stock exchange. In this paper, firstly, I compare the stock prices formed in the stock exchange with those formed outside it in Tokyo and Osaka. Secondly I survey the formation of stock prices in the Osaka Stock Exchange, and finally the function of the market outside the stock exchange.
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  • The Earliest Specie Bank in Colonial America.
    Yoshimasa ASABA
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 182-212,268
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_182
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    In I733 a group of colonists in Massachusetts formed the private specie bank which issued 11O,OOO pounds in notes redeemable in silver or in gold at a fixed rate. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics and the backers of the bank by looking into the social, economic and political backgrounds of the directors and subscribers for this bank. This paper consists of four sections. The first section deals with a brief survey of the movement of the promoters who organized this bank; from its origin to the unexpected closure. This section also analyzes the "Scheme" which was a prospectus of this bank. The second section reveals the different characteristics between land bank and specie bank, indicating why the proponents of this specie bank showed interests in the idea that specie bank could provide sound money. They considered land bank notes unsound. The third section deals with the interests and status of the proponents of this bank, Wealthy merchants and higher provincial officials in Boston and local sea-ports participated in this scheme. The most important Boston merchants engaged in importing manufactures from England came to believe that a provision of sound currency backed by specie would benefit to sell imported goods. The fourth section presents the results of this bank. The notes issued by this bank made a flood of currency, silver rapidly rose. It is no wonder that these notes redeemable in specie were hoared up, therefore, no longer answered the proper purposes of currency.
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  • Das Profil der Arbeiterklasse am Vorabend der Nazizeit
    Haruhiko HOSHINO
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 213-230,267
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_213
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    Die Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1929 hat die verschiedensten Differenzierungen innerhalb der Arbeiterklasse auf okonomischem, sozialem und politischem Gebiet hervorgerufen bzw. gefordert. Unter all den Unterschieden wie z.B. zwischen einzclnen Industriezweigen, zwischen gelernten und ungelernten Arbeitern usw., die ein einheitliches Verhalten der Arbeiter verhindert haben, bestand der groBte Unterschied zwischen Erwerbstatigen und Erwerbslosen, wie KUCZYNSKI erortert hat. Einerseits stiegen wahrend der Weltwirtschaftskrise die Reallohne der Erwerbs-tatigen. Aus Angst vor dem Verlust der Arbeitsplatze verhielten sie sich politisch passiv. Ausdruck dessen ist z.B. die geringe Anzahl von Streiks in jener Zeit. Es gab kaum Aktionen gegen den Staatsstreich von PAPENs oder die Machtubernahme durch die Nazis. Andererseits wurden die Erwerbslosen, deren Zahl fast sieben Millionell erreicht hatte, gezwungen in bitterster Not zu leben. Zwar ist ein Teil der Arlosen in die Partei der Nazis eingetreten, jedoch gab es nach HAMILTONs Uhtersuchung nur wenige solcher Falle. Die uberwiegende Mehrheit der Arbeitslosen sind als antifaschistische Krafte aufgetreten. Deren Zentrum war, raumlich gesehen, der ,,Kietz" in den Arbeitervierteln, wo sich die verschiedenen Buros der Arbeiterorganisationen befanden. Die Kneipe im ,,Kietz" bezeichnete KAUTZKY als das ,,einzige Bollwerk der politischen Freiheit des Proletariats". Das Zusammengehorigkeitsgefuhl in den Albeitervierteln, hervorgerufen durch die Besonderheiten des Milieus, spielte bei Angriffen seitens der Nazis eine groBe Rolle. Dabei reagierte vor allem die sogenannte ,,Clique", die Gruppierungen der Jungarbeiter, sehr aktiv. Als die Nazis ab 1930 in den Arbeitervierteln besondere Kneipen (,,Sturmlokal") zur Organisierung des Lumpenproletariats einrichteten, schufen die Arbeiter als Gegenwehr die Massenselbstschutzformaonen, basierend auf dem Kommunikationsnetz innerhalb der Arbeiterviertel, die den Kern der antifaschistischen Bewegung bildeten. Wenn also die Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands von den Erwerbstatigen und die Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands von den Erwerbslosen unter-stutzt wurde wegen der obengenannten so groBen Risse zwischen beiden Schichten der Arbeiter hinsichtlich der sozialen und politischen Zustande, meinen wir, daβ die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen beiden Parteien am Ende der Weimarer Republik bedeutend umfassendere, tiefer gehende Hintergrunde hatten.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 231-233
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_231
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 234-236
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_234
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 236-239
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_236
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 239-243
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_239
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 243-246
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_243
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 246-249
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_246
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 249-254
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_249
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 254-257
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_254
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 257-260
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_257
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 261-264
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_261
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 267-270
    Published: June 15, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: July 08, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20624/sehs.53.2_267
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