Since the first report of epidermal growth
factor (EGF) in 1962, research on intracellular signaling through its receptor
EGFR has greatly advanced. While the canonical activation of EGFR via tyrosine
phosphorylation is well understood, the existence of a non-canonical activation
via p38-dependent phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues has recently
attracted attention. The authors have found that both of these mechanisms occur
in parallel and are now analyzing them as a dual-mode activation model. This
review summarizes new advances in EGFR signaling research and the latest status
of EGFR inhibitor development for molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer.
Human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hijacks various cellular machinery to
achieve efficient replication. HIV-1 infection induces a metabolic shift towards
aerobic glycolysis as a cellular response to maintain homeostasis, yet the
virus continues to replicate efficiently under these conditions. In this
review, the authors introduce the regulatory role of glycolytic enzymes in
HIV-1 replication and the impact of aerobic glycolysis on viral infection. In
addition, the authors propose a novel strategy to eradicate latently
HIV-1-infected cells.
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by Editor-in-Chief]
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
is a serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can lead to
liver damage and inflammation. In this study, the authors focused on the
therapeutic effects of emodin succinyl ethyl ester (ESEE) on NASH using a
murine model induced by Special tailored diet. After four weeks of ESEE
treatment, researchers observed significant improvements in glycolipid
metabolism disorders, liver injury, and histopathological features of
NAFLD/NASH. ESEE showed effectiveness in reducing cellular steatosis,
inflammation, fat deposition in hepatocytes, and liver fibrosis in the model
mice. These findings suggest that ESEE could serve as a novel therapeutic agent
for NASH, providing protection against diet-induced liver abnormalities and
injuries.
Exposure
of animals to the enriched environments improves memory consolidation that
requires extracellular ripples generated in the hippocampus during sleep.
Natural sleep and general anesthesia are similar in terms of extracellular
oscillations. However, whether the preexposure of animals to the enriched
environment modulates neural activity in the hippocampus under subsequent
anesthesia is not fully understood. The authors allowed mice to explore the
enriched or standard environment, anesthetized them, and recorded local field
potentials in the hippocampus, demonstrating that the amplitude of ripples and
the number of successive ripples were larger in the novel enriched environment
group.