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Volume 72 (2014)
- Issue 6 Pages 281-
- Issue 5 Pages 221-
- Issue 4 Pages 181-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 72, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Review Articles
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Katsushi Yoshita2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 221-232
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreventive measures for lifestyle diseases in the working generation, who are majorly responsible for economic stability in society, are important and affect the medium- and long-term medical and insurance systems in Japan, in addition to having short-term social and economic consequences. Nutritional epidemiological studies on the prevention of lifestyle diseases attempt to accurately record and objectively evaluate the factors that influence nutrition and dietary habits and the physical status of individuals or groups. Therefore, thorough research design and quality control are required to improve study reliability and validity.
There is a close relationship between nutrition and dietary habits and the daily lifestyles of working men. For example, compared to individuals with no or low alcohol consumption, those with habitual high alcohol consumption tend to consume fewer calories from food sources other than alcoholic drinks, despite the increase in their overall apparent energy intake. Therefore, it becomes difficult for such individuals to maintain a balanced diet, and liver function and blood pressure, which are indicators of physical health, deteriorate. Long-term cohort studies have reported that individuals with habitual high alcohol consumption have a higher rate of elevated blood pressure than those with no or low alcohol consumption.
Preventive measures for lifestyle diseases in adult employees should include evaluation of and improvements in health status over a specified period, together with nutrition-related educational media with content tailored to the occupational field, and individual motivation and understanding. Combined implementation of population and high-risk approaches is required.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K)
Original Articles
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Kikuko Hata, Takayo Inayama, Munehiro Matsushita, Shoko Shinoda2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 233-242
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: This study describes the combined associations of sufficient/insufficient social support (SS) and high/low social participation (SP) with dietary lifestyle factors in community-dwelling adult men with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Furthermore, this study examined the effect of the interaction between SS and SP with dietary lifestyle factors.
Methods: We posted a questionnaire to 2,731 registered Spinal Injuries Japan members. The questionnaire included items on SS and SP with dietary lifestyle factors (dietary behavior, transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory including self-efficacy and outcome expectation, and dietary skill). We received responses from 1,000 people (36.6% recovery rate); ultimately, responses from 646 men > 40 years of age were analyzed (23.6% valid response rate). Respondents were divided into sufficient SS/high ST, sufficient SS/low SP, insufficient SS/high SP, and insufficient SS/low SP categories. Logistic regression analysis examined the odds ratios of dietary lifestyles according to the SS and SP categories.
Results: Compared with participants in the insufficient SS/low SP category, those in the sufficient SS/high SP and sufficient SS/low SP category had significantly better likely dietary lifestyles after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. There was no interaction between SS or SP and dietary lifestyle factors.
Conclusions: These findings suggested that social support is important for a healthy dietary lifestyle among community-dwelling adult men with SCIs.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
Misa Shimpo, Eri Nakamura, Yuko Fukkoshi, Rie Akamatsu2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 243-250
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: To compare lifestyles of workers with high and low future orientation to examine correlations between lifestyle and future orientation.
Methods: Self-reported, cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to 4,462 insured people attending medical examinations in August 2011. Questionnaire items pertained to demographic characteristics, height, weight, future orientation, health awareness, and lifestyle. Future orientation was assessed using five items, such as “I have made some preparations for the future,” on a five-point Likert scale; item scores were summed. Participants were categorized into two groups (high and low future orientation) using median future-orientation scores according to sex. Physical size and health awareness were compared between groups using chi-square or t-tests. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, with group and lifestyle as the dependent and independent variables, respectively.
Results: There were 3,031 valid respondents (rate: 67.9%; 1,258 men, 41.5%). The majority of participants (926, 31.8%) were aged 40~49 years. Rates of cohabitation, marriage, and health awareness in both sexes were higher in the high, relative to the low, future-orientation group. Body mass index did not differ significantly between groups. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that, in the high future-orientation group, rates of physical activity were higher [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37~2.48] in men, while alcohol intake (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12~1.78) was lower in women.
Conclusion: The high future-orientation group showed greater health awareness in both sexes. Men were more physically active, and alcohol intake was lower in women.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K)
Brief Reports
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Kayo Shintaku, Manami Shimoguchi, Toshi Haruki2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 251-261
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: We aimed to assess the likely advantages and disadvantages of the provision of home-delivery and communal meal services for community-dwelling elderly women.
Methods: We enrolled a total of 133 elderly women, including 45 who used home-delivery meal services and 88 who used communal meal services, offered by the Social Welfare Council of City A. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the physical and living conditions, and the extent of service usage. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and the χ2-test. The nutritional content of home-delivery boxed meals and dishes served at communal meals was then estimated by a registered dietician.
Results: The majority of the examined subjects were found to live alone; the home-delivery and communal meal services were their source of nutrition, and provided them with a high degree of satisfaction. Many users of the home-delivery meal service were in poor health, and rarely went outdoors, whereas the communal meal service involves a social setting, and an opportunity for subjects to leave the house. A greater number of staple food servings, such as rice and other carbohydrate-rich foods, were consumed by home-delivery service users in comparison to those eating communal meals.
Conclusion: Home-delivery and communal meal services are often the source of nutrition among elderly women. The home-delivery service provides a sense of security regarding the daily availability of food, whereas the communal meal service provides an opportunity to leave the house and socialize. These services can help elderly women maintain a favorable nutritional and health status. Therefore, these meal services must further enhance their programs in order to help users avoid the need for nursing care.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K)
Research & Field Notes
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Tohru Sakai, Mariko Nakamoto, Akiko Nakamoto, Emi Shuto, Yukiko Kobaya ...2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 262-271
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: To obtain personnel information of teaching staff in universities, colleges, and vocational schools with dietitian and/or registered dietitian programs, including number of teaching staff with a dietitian or registered dietitian license and the distribution of academic degrees. Competencies (e.g., education, research administration) required of staff for teaching the curriculum were also evaluated.
Methods: A mail survey was conducted in February and March 2013 inquiring on number of teaching staff, number of teaching staff with a dietitian license or who were registered dietitians, and age and position of staff. In addition, staff competencies were evaluated for their importance in dietitian and registered dietitian training facilities.
Results: The response rate was 66.1% (78 schools) and 68.5% (102 schools) for dietitian and registered dietitian training facilities, respectively. Most teachers were aged 30~49 in both dietitian and registered dietitian training facilities. In registered dietitian training facilities, 40% of teachers over age 30 had their Ph.D., and 39.5%, 75.9%, and 66.5% aged 20~29, 30~49, and 50~65 had a master’s and/or doctoral degree, respectively. In dietitian training facilities, about 20% of teachers over age 30 had a Ph.D., and 28.4%, 47.4%, and 44.0% aged 20~29, 30~49, and 50~65 had a master’s and/or doctoral degree, respectively. “Education” was considered the most important competency.
Conclusion: We obtained basic information concerning age and education characteristics of teachers in dietitian and national registered dietitian training schools. Education was identified by facility directors as the most important competency.View full abstractDownload PDF (858K) -
Yusuke Arai, Fumi Hayashi, Nanae Sato, Nobuo Yoshiike2014 Volume 72 Issue 5 Pages 272-280
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2014
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: We examined current nutrition labeling practices on processed foods, and evaluated the potential problems and necessary supports towards mandatory nutrition labeling.
Methods: Survey participants were located in an ordinance-designated city in the suburbs of a metropolitan area. In October 2013, we mailed a questionnaire to 277 owners running food-manufacturing businesses approved under the Food Sanitation Act. We compared the responses according to the size of business scales.
Results: The response rate of the survey was 47.9%. Current nutrition labeling practices were observed in 10.4% of participants. The most common answer towards current nutrition labeling practices was “did not feel it is necessary.” In comparison with medium- and large-scale companies, awareness of the enactment of the Food Labeling Act and the introduction of mandatory nutrition labeling was lower among small-scale companies, self-employed individuals and nonprofit organizations. Problems associated with mandatory nutrition labeling in the companies were “an increase in workload,” “increased expense,” and “limited amount of space available on the packaging.” The self-employed individuals answered as follows: “I don’t know how to perform nutrition labeling” and “I don’t know who to seek advice from.” Necessary supports requested before enforcement of the mandatory nutrition labeling include “financial help” and “training materials” for all participants.
Conclusions: We concluded that it is necessary to launch a public relations campaign about the Food Labeling Act, as well as supplying the training materials and consultations.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K)
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