This report is concerned with the second-year survey on 76 farmers in Yamagata Prefecture conducted twice in the summer and winter of 1956.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) The nutritional status of these farmers resulted in deficiencies in animal protein, vitamin A, C, and fat in the one hand, and excesses of carbohydrate and salt in the other hand.
(2) Features of the hypertensives were relative fatness and relative high serum cholesterol, and deficiencies in serum vitamin C and serum-cholinesterase
(3) It seems that there are two kinds of hypertensives: one of them, is a well-fed city type with a high haemoglobin index and serum protein, and the other, an ill-fed rural type accompanying anaemia.
Anyway, as the Japanese generally take a far less amount of fat as compared with Americans and Europeans, the origin of the hypertension cannot be attributed to the overtake of fat as supposed in the case of the European, but this is probably caused by the excessive intake of carbohydrate of the Japanese.

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It is slightly questionable that β-carotene contents of blood which previously reported by many investigators vary to some extent. In this paper the petroleum ether extracts gained from serum of cattle and human were isolated and investigated by chromatography with Almina.
In case of serum of cattle, β-carotene occupied almost 90% of total pigments in the petroleum ether fraction, while it was only about 20% of that pigments in serum of human adults. β-carotene content was also estimated by Bessey's method using the same serum of human adults, and it was found that this content was showed a little difference interfered by some carotenoids other than carotene. Therefore it could be consider that the value by this method itself denoted the content of carotene in serum, and the majority would be β-carotene. The average recovery of this method was about 91.7%.
The vitamin A and the carotene contents of serum were estimated by Besseys method for 47 healthy men. The average vitamin A contents in serum were 25.5±11.3μg/dl and the carotene were 56.3±27.4μg/dl.

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In this experiment, 2.5mg of crystal β-carotene were supplemented before every breakfast to a man fed low fat ration or high fat ration.
Vitamin A and β-carotene levels of his blood were estimated on the 4th and 5th hour after the dosages.
As the results shown in the tables, vitamin A levels of blood are increased gradually until the 5th hour after the dosages but that of carotene levels remains almost constant

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For the purpose of decision of nutritional repuirements for prisoners, the absorption rate of food, the basal metabolism, the body density, the body weight and the blood properties were measured during 33 days on 5 healthy male prisoners who were a little lower than Japanes standard physique in the state not to work such as tuberculosis patients.
As the result of the experiment, the present supply of the 5th grade of the regulation of Justice Minstry maintained almost the nitrogen blance, and did not show the decrease of their body weight; and the supply which was increased by 10g. or 20g. of protein maintained the positive nitrogen blance, and showed a tendency to increase their body weight, basal metabolic rate and blood properties.
Therefore, I observed that even the present supply of the 5th grade which contained 2100 Cal. and 78g. protein almost met for the requirements in the state not to work, and the supply which was increased by 10g. of protein and contained 2100 Cal. maintained enough for the calorie requirement in the state of no work.

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In order to decide upon the nutritional requirements for prisoners, the same experiment as previous report was conducted during 29 days on 5 healthy male prisoners whose body structure correspond to the Japanese standard physipue.
As the result of the experiment, the present supply of the 5th grade of the regulation of Justice Minstry showed the negative nitrogen balance, the decrease of their body weight and basal metabolic rate, but the supply which was increased by 10g. or 20g. of protein maintained the positive nitrogen balance, and showed a tendency to increase their body weight and basal metabolic rate.
Therefore, the calorie supply for prisoner engaging in no work should he 2100 Cal. and the protein supply should be improved as 88g., e. g, increased by 10g. more than the present supply.

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Since the digestibility of protein fo Chlorella and Scenedesmus can be apparently improved by extraction with methylalcohol in vivo and in vitro, the electron microphotos of cells of Scenedesmus excreted in the feces of rats and human subjects together with those digested with enzyme in vitro were observed to investigate the influence of digestion.
These results are shown in figures 1-10. As seen from the figures, the contents of cell of Scenedesmus decolored with methylalcohol apparently decrease comparing with those of dried Scenedesmus, but their cellmembrans seem to be intact. It seems reasonable to suppose that the protein of Scenedesmus could be more digestible by extraction with methylalcohol.

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It is very important for the determination of amino acids in proteins or foods by microbioassay to know the best conditions of hydrolysis. This experiment was attempted in order to clarify the appropriate time of hydrolysis and the influences by carbohydrate coexistence and humin present in the hydrolysate.
Ovalbumin was used as the test sample, and the following three kinds were prepared: 1) albumin only, 2) albumin plus glucose, 3) albumin plus starch. These samples were hydrolysed for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours, and of each hydrolysate, methionine, and threonine were determined microbiologically.
As far as these two amino acids of ovalbumin are concerned, 6 hours' hydrolysis seemed to be proper, and the analytical values of the amino acids were more or less influenced by the presence of carbohydrate.
Humin had also an influence on the values to some extent.

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Eight non-essential amino acids contained in Japanese animal foods were determined microbiologically. The hydrolysis and other conditions were the same as those of the previous report, and as test organisms Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 was employed for the determination of most of the amino acids, except for alanine which was determined by using Leuconostoc citrovorum 8081.
The results of the assay were found to be approximate to the figures of the literature.

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