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Volume 21 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 179-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 21, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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III. Relation Between the Infestation by Leafhopper and Its Feeding Habits. -Interruption of Assimilates in the Plant Body by the Feeding of Empoasca sakaii DWORAKOWSKAAtsushi NAITO1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlfalfa or clover leaves become occasionally red when injured by the bean's smaller green leafhopper E. sakaii (the species had been reported as Empoasca sp. in the previous report). Translocation of assimilates in the plant body infested by the leafhopper was investigated with radioactive 14CO2 and plant tissues of the infested part were observed histologically in connection with the cause of the reddening symptom. The ladino clover leaves, of which E. sakaii fed on the petioles, were treated for 30min. with 14CO2 in the assimilation chamber. After 90min., the treated plants were boiled and the radioautographs were taken, and radioactivity of 14C in the plant bodies was counted. Some infested clovers had sufficient amount of 14CO2-assimilates in the leaves and only a small amount in the root parts. This was attributed to the interruption of translocation of the assimilates occurring in the conducting tissues of the infested petioles. The mechanism of influence of interruption by E. sakaii is not so simple as described on Empoasca fabae, i.e. the symptom is caused by mechanical disorganization and plugging of the vascular tissues, or secondary clogging by hypertrophy cell resulting from its feeding. Some important disturbances of the physiological or biochemical functions by the salivary materials of E. sakaii are considered to occur within the phloem tissues. The author referred to the wilting symptom caused by E. sakaii, however, no conclusion could be made by this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (2328K) -
Takeru SATO1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 6-14
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe white-spotted tussock moth Orgyia thyellina is a polyphagous insect and feeds on foliage of fruit trees such as apple and pear. This pest is known to be sexually and seasonally dimorphic. Studies were carried out to analyse its seasonal life history by photothermographic method and also to evaluate the biological meaning of the dimorphism. This insect was shown to be a long-day species. The critical photoperiod was longer in northern populations, and further at a lower rearing temperature in each population. The wing form of the female was regulated by photoperiod. In photoperiods longer than the critical duration the moth appeared as the macropterous form, while in shorter periods as the brachypterous form. The photoperiodic reaction did not occur in the male, and was programmed mainly in the later stage of the female larva. The occurrence of diapause of the egg was determined by the photoperiodic conditions in the larval stage of the maternal moth. The diapause eggs were heavier in weight, larger in size and much thicker in chorion than the non-diapause ones. The fecundity of the brachypterous female was usually lower than that of the macropterous. The number of larval moult differed between the sexes, i.e. the female and male usually moulted 5 and 4 times as larvae, respectively. The threshold temperature and thermal constant for development of summer generation were about 10.1°C and 665 degree-days in the Hiratsuka stocks and 10.4°C, 624 degree-days in the Iiyama stocks, respectively. The photothermographs for the 3 localities suggested that there would be 3 generations at Hiratsuka but only 2 generations at Suzaka and Iiyama. The seasonal life cycle thus predicted was confirmed by the data of light-trap capture of the moth at the Fruit Tree Research Station, Hiratsuka.View full abstractDownload PDF (1981K) -
Ryoh-ichi OHGUSHI, Toshikatsu NISHINO, Yoshisato GAMÔ1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 15-22
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSControl effects of machine oil emulsiable concentrate upon the population of arrowhead scale were studied by the field experiments during 1968∼1970 at citrus orchards of Nagasaki Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in Omura City. The pesticides of various concentrations were applied to the over-wintering female population of arrowhead scale on citrus leaves, and then the ratio of dead scales in the population and the capacity of larviposition in survived females were examined. Some of survived females were examined in the development of ovariols from April to May by dissection of ovaries. When the machine oil emulsiable concentrate in spray liquid was more than 2%, the ratio of dead scales increased gradually, but this tendency was not so clear because the dead scale might fall down. In the survived females on applicated leaves, it was observed that the number of larviposited crawlers clearly decreased as a result of the decrease of the ratio of larviposited individuals in survived female adults and the decrease of capacity of larviposition of each adult females. Development of ovaries of adult females on applicated leaves was somewhat delayed, and the number of well-developed ovariols was less in relation to the non-applicated ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
Kenji KOYAMA, Jun MITSUHASHI1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEssential vitamins for the nymphal growth were investigated in Laodelphax striatellus. MED-1 diets lacking in any one of vitamins were prepared to study the nymphal duration and survivorship on these diets. Without thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenate, the nymphs could not complete their development. Lack of choline retarded the growth markedly although it permitted the development of the nymph to adults. The optimum concentrations of thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, calcium pantothenate and choline chloride for the nymphal growth were estimated as 0.1, 0.05, 0.5 and 5∼10mg per 100ml, respectively. When non-essential vitamins were removed altogether, nymphal growth ceased at the 4th instar. The exceptionally low vitamin requirement of L. striatellus was attributed to the role of symbiotic yeast-like organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
I. Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Mite Webbing, and the Relationship between Webbing and WalkingYutaka SAITÔ1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA device for quantitative evaluation of the spider mite webbing was developed. Using this device the relationship between walking behavior and webbing was examined with adult females of tetranychid mites, Tetranychus urticae KOCH and Panonychus citri (MCGREGOR). Also the behavior of these species on the experimental surface facing downwards were recorded by means of the inverted-type projector with trans-illumination. Both tetranychid mites fell down frequently from the experimental arena in the absence of disturbance, but they were suspended simultaneously with their threads. This phenomenon is suggested to relate to “roping” or “parachuting” behavior reported by many authors. Furthermore, the locomotive velocity and the proportion of walking, resting and suspended time were estimated. The webbing was closely related to the walking behavior in both species and the female of these mites was postulated to produce silk threads always during a walking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1593K) -
II. Dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis in Soil of Mulberry FieldYasutaka SEKIJIMA, Yoshio AKIBA, Keiko ONO, Keio AIZAWA, Nobuo FUJYOSH ...1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was done to elucidate the dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) in the agroecosystem from microbial ecological viewpoint. Two kinds of B.t. preparations (AF101 and var. thuringiensis) were sprayed on the surface of mulberry fields (A; alluvium layer loam, B; ciluvium volcanic ash soil clayloam) with different properties of soil and the number of B.t. was estimated. There was some difference in dynamics between strain AF101 and var. thuringiensis. Cell number of strain AF101 decreased from 105/g (dry weight of soil) to 104/g 1 month after the spray, whereas that of var. thuringiensis began to decrease gradually 3∼4 months after the spray. Both strains persisted relatively long period at the level of 103/g, which was the limiting concentration for detection. The numbers of inherent Bacillus in soil, concurrently preformed with that of B.t., were 105/g∼106/g in summer (May-September) and 104/g∼105/g in winter (November-February). The proportion in number of sprayed B.t. to inherent Bacillus in soil (R value) was 20∼40% immediately after the spray of B.t. preparation, however, R value lowered to about 10% when the number of B.t. decreased to 103/g. And it remained unchanged for a relatively long period (12∼16 months).View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
II. Dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis in Sterilized SoilYoshio AKIBA, Yasutaka SEKIJIMA, Keio AIZAWA, Nobuo FUJIYOSHI1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the competitive relation between Bacillus thuringiensis and inherent Bacillus species and other microorganisms in soil, dynamics of this bacterium was studied using soil samples with different properties obtained from three mulberry fields (A; alluvium layer loam, B; diluvium volcanic ash soil clayloam, C; alluvium layer sandy soil). Two strains of B.t. (AF101 and var. kurstaki) were mixed with untreated soil, and the number of B.t. decreased with the time in 3 samples. In the sterilized soil samples from mulberry field A, cell numbers of AF 101 increased about 100 folds and those of var. kurstaki about 10 folds 5 days after the onset of experiment and the numbers maintained nearly the same level for 80 days in AF101 and for 60 days in var. kurstaki. However, such increases were not observed in soils from mulberry fields B and C. AF101 was mixed with the sterilized soil sampled from 9 points of the mulberry field A. In 3 out of 9 samples, AF101 increased 10∼100 folds, and no increase was observed in 6 samples. In the 3 samples, B.t. displayed the pattern of germination, growth, and sporuration. Sporulated B.t. did not show any regermination and no secondary growth during the experimental period. These results indicate that the fate of B.t. in the mulberry field soil depends on the competition with the inherent soil microorganisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Takuma GAMO, Tatsumichi HIROBE1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (443K) -
Kazutoshi NAKASONO1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 49-50
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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V. Insect fauna of chestnut orchards in Ishikawa PrefIchiji TOGASHI1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 50-52
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Hiroshi WASHIO, Chikao NISHINO1977 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 52-54
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (967K)
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