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Volume 27 (1983)
- Issue 4 Pages 247-
- Issue 3 Pages 171-
- Issue 2 Pages 77-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yoshiomi KATO, Kazuhiro KAGEMORI, Takane SATO, Sakae SAKATE1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCalling activity of A. yamamai moths under natural environmental conditions, and effects of temperature (15°C, 20°C, 25°C) and light intensity on the calling were examined using 0-day-to 2-day-old individuals. Calling activity of this species was characterized as follows: 1) Under natural conditions, the frequency of calling was very high. 2) Calling started after sunset or light-off, and thereafter reached a high level of activity. This high level was maintained till sunrise or light-on. 3) Many individuals continued to call without interruption for a long period of time. Such high activity of calling was analyzed in relation to physiological and ecological characteristics of this species.
In this species, the time of calling started earlier and calling became more active when the temperature decreased. Particularly, at lower temperature such as 15°C, calling started immediately after light-off. These changes in the activity were also observed when the moths become older. Exposure of the moths to weak light during the dark period inhibited calling. Critical intensity for the inhibition was about 20-24lux.View full abstractDownload PDF (3187K) -
Tadahiko INOUE, Eiichi HAYASHI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 7-16
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-three derivatives of 4-(phenylazo) phenol showed a toxic effect on several aquatic oligochaetes in vitro. The present study was undertaken to determine whether these compounds could be effective as annelicides. Five of the compounds with the formula: where R1 is a halogen or nitro group; R2 and R3 are halogen, or halogen and nitro substituents, showed strong toxic effects on Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrirus socialis, L. willeyi, and Criodrilus bathybates, occurring in muddy holes. These five compounds, elicited a weaker repellent response in the worms as compared to other compounds, which might contribute to their strong toxic effect. In addition, the rapidity of action of these five compounds may be related to their strong toxic effect. Correlation between the capacity for soil adsorption and toxicity of the five compounds was not observed. P-99 (Yurimin®), 2, 6-dibromo-4-(4-vitrophenylazo) phenol, which was selected among the five compounds for its toxic effect and ease of synthesis, was studied in order to identify the factors which influence its toxicity to the worms. Toxic effect of P-99 decreased in soil with low pH, presumably due to the low solubility of P-99 at low pH. The value of the soil pH suitable for the induction of the toxic effect on the worms was above 5.3. The change of temperature in the soil did not significantly influence the toxic effect in the worms. Minimum concentration of P-99 which had an effect on the movement of B. sowerbyi in vitro was 0.4ppm, and when the recovery method, was applied a significant effect was observed following 5 min-treatment of P-99 at a concentration of 4ppm. The worms exposed to P-99 showed tetanic contractile and convulsive spiral movements, followed by paralysis. Finally the posterior part of the body fell off and the worms died. P-99 elicited contractile activities in isolated muscles of Eisenia foetida, followed by paralysis. Histopathological examination of the worms exposed to P-99, showed that the epidermal tissues were destroyed, and the internal tissues (muscle layers, nervous tissue, alimentary canal etc.) were also affected. Respiration activity of muscle homogenates of the worms was markedly inhibited by P-99, as observed in the case of PCP-Na.View full abstractDownload PDF (2667K) -
Hideo YAMADA, Kenji KAWASAKI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRate of hatching, pupation and adult emergence and fecundity were relatively high at 20°, 22.5°, 25° and 27.5°C and low at 17.5° and 30°C. No adult oviposited at 32.5°C. It was demonstrated that the multiplication of population was highest at 27.5°C, while very low at 30°C. In Japan, mean daily temperature during mid-summer seldom exceeds 27.5°C, and therefore, it is unlikely that the marked summer decline in diamondback moth population observed could be explained by the existence of a high temperature in this season. Rates of hatching, pupation and adult emergence were not affected by the level of humidity.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Kazushige SOGAWA, Akio SATO1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 22-27
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological and physiological characteristics of the Joetsu and Chikugo populations of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, with differential reactions to rice varieties were comparatively studied. 1. Male adults with heavier black pigmentation on the face, lateral side of abdomen, and tip of tegmen occurred more frequently in the Joetsu population than in the Chikugo population. Width of head, and length of hind tibia and tegmen of the females in the Joetsu population were larger than those in the Chikugo population. 2. No clear difference in the non-diapausing nymphal development at 18-33°C under 16L:8D photoperiod, the diapausing development at 28°C under 12L:12D photoperiod, and the ability to overwinter was found between the two populations. 3. The females in the Chikugo population laid about 2.5 times more eggs than did those in the Joetsu population on an average. About 15 and 11 eggs were deposited daily by a female of the Chikugo and Joetsu populations, respectively. 4. The females of the Joetsu population excreted more honeydew on the three differential rice varieties than those of the Chikugo population. Optimum fluid uptake through a parafilm membrane by the females of the Joetsu and Chikugo populations was obtained in 10% and 14% sucrose solutions, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Toshio OKU, Yoshio MIYAHARA, Takehiko FUJIMURA, Akio TOKI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 28-34
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour Matsumuraeses species were found to damage soybeans in Tohoku district. Among these, the number of M. phaseoli was low whereas M. falcana was extensively found on soybeans and other leguminous crops. Soybean injury by M. ussuriensis and M. vicina was sporadical in spite of their high abundance on wild Pueraria. Discrimination of these species depending on the developmental stages was also made posible. M. falcana passed two generations on soybeans after July presumably with no diapause stage, and the later generation experienced high mortality rate in winter. The life cycle of M. falcana in the early season preceding with infestation of soybeans requires further studies. Most of the first generation pupae of M. ussuriensis entered a hibernation diapause, and the multivoltine counterparts usually passed a summer diapause. M. vicina was virtually bivoltine, and the second generation overwintered as pupae in diapause. The relationship between soybean infestation with these species and seasonal soybean growth was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1769K) -
Kazuo NOZATO1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of the moths produced eggs on young rice seedlings as in mature seedlings, but some females oviposited more than 60% of the total number of eggs laid in the cage that covered the rice plants. In the young seedlings, even in the early stage of the oviposition process, large egg-masses were seldom found, and the mean daily number of eggs and mean number of eggs per egg-mass were rather lower than in the mature seedlings. On the other hand, from the middle to the late stage of the oviposition process, these differences between the two groups of seedlings showed a reverse relation. No correlation between the percentage of survival of larvae after 3-day hatching and the oviposition time was observed, whereas the survival rates in the mature seedlings decreased with the increase of the time interval after oviposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
Masahiko KANOH, Keizi KIRITANI, Kenjiro KAWASAKI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 40-45
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in sexual activity in relation to aging and the effect of mating frequency in terms of number of spermatophores on reproduction were investigated in the oriental tea tortrix, Homona magnanima, at 25°C under a 16L-8D regime. The percentage of virgin females in a calling posture increased with age and the peak activity was observed when they were 3 days old. Old virgin females resumed the calling posture earlier than the young ones after light off. Adult males which showed such activities as walking, wing vibration and flight were designated as active males. The 2-day-old males accounted for the highest percentage of active males. Males were most active during 3 to 5hr after light off irrespective of their age. The mating activity was highest during 2-4 days after emergence in both sexes. Mated females laid eggs mostly during the earlier half of the dark phase and spent the later half for calling and/or mating. There were no differences between single and multiple matings in the total number of eggs deposited, viability of eggs and adult longevity of females.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Masae YAMADA, Kozo NAKAMURA, Tamio INOKUCHI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere were significant quantitative differences in the contents of free ninhydrin-positive substances and urea in the cocoon shell of silkworms reared on an artificial diet and on mulberry-leaves. The total amount of free ninhydrin-positive substances in the cocoon shell spun by the larvae fed on the artificial diet was much higher than that of the cocoon from larvae fed on mulberry leaves. The composition pattern of free ninhydrin-positive substances in the cocoon shell differed remarkably between the cocoons of both groups. When the larvae were fed on mulberry leaves, the major free amino acids present in the cocoon shell were leucine, methionine-sulfoxide, asparagine, isoleucine and valine. On the other hand, in the cocoon shell spun by the larvae fed on the artificial diet, urea was dominant and the contents of glutamic acid and leucine showed high levels exceeding 95μg per g of cocoon shell. In silkworms reared on an artificial diet, the urea contents in the cocoon shell rose to approximately 2mg per g of cocoon shell, or 1.0mg per cocoon, while in the cocoon shell from larvae fed on mulberry leaves the contents were negligible. The urea contents in the cocoon shell were influenced by the composition of the artificial diets, the stage of which the silkworms were reared on them and the silkworm varieties. The urea contents of the cocoon were much higher in the inner layer than in the outer layer, and in the male than in the female.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
I. Behavior of the Time of Appearance on the Ground and Oviposition of Adult InsectsKojiro YOSHIOKA, Yasuo YAMASAKI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 52-54
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdults of Lachnosterna morosa WATERHOUSE remained under ground in the daytime, and come to the surface during the night every other day, for some days. The behavior of these adult insects which had been observed for the last four years was also recorded when the insects were placed indoors or in a darkroom. Female adults oviposited two or three eggs on an average every other day. Female adults usually oviposited in the daytime of the day when adults appeared in the evening.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
Akio HOSODA1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 55-62
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInsecticide susceptibility of the brown planthopper collected annually from Takehara, Hiroshima Prefecture, in August and October since 1970 was monitored using the topical application method. The results indicated that susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides and to carbamate insecticides in the brown planthopper had increased since 1973 and 1979, respectively. Local differences in insecticide susceptibility among 7 populations collected from 6 localities in Hiroshima Prefecture in 1979 were negligible. In the 1981 survey, no significant local difference in insecticide susceptibility was detected. Laboratory selection with diazinon using the spray method in the brown planthoppers collected from Takehara in 1970 caused a marked decrease in susceptibility to this insecticide, whereas selection with carbaryl in the same population caused no change in susceptibility to carbaryl. On the basis of the results obtained, extreme reduction in the susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides in the brown planthopper can be expected. When the brown planthoppers collected from Takehara in 1975 were selected using applications of BPMC and fenitrothion, each selection resulted in a decrease in susceptibility to both BPMC and fenitrothion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Toyomi KOTAKI, Kimio HATA, Moritoshi GUNJI, Shigemi YAGI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali SCOTT, was reared on fresh vegetables, berries, cones, seeds and artificial diets. Among the natural diets tested raw peanut diet was found to be most suitable for the purpose of easy, large-scale and successive rearing. The bug could also be reared on dry soybeans for three generations. Moreover, more than 30% of second-instar nymphs emerged on two artificial diets of which the main ingredients were raw peanuts and solid mouse food.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Kenji KOYAMA, Jun MITSUHASHI1983 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
Published: February 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of a short photoperiod (8L-16D) on the nymphal growth were examined in Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera and Sogatella longifurcifera. The short photoperiod caused marked elongation of nymphal duration especially of the 4th instar in L. striatellus, while no difference was observed between long and short photoperiods in other two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K)
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