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Volume 38 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 219-
- Issue 3 Pages 141-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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II. Preference of Oviposition Sites on a Leguminous ArrowrootTakeshi SHIMODA, Norizumi SHINKAJI, Hiroshi AMANO1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 65-70
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOviposition sites of Oligota kashmirica benefica NAOMI, an important natural enemy of spider mites, were investigated on a leguminous arrowroot, Pueraria lobata (WILD.) OHWI in 1989-1992. Eggs of the predator were laid only on leaves infested with more than 10 mites (Tetranychus urticae KOCH (red form)) per leaf. All eggs were laid within mite colonies, and most were covered with feces, exuviae, and dead bodies of mites.
Laboratory experiments were conducted at 25±1°C to clarify the beetles' preference for oviposition sites and to observe the detailed oviposition behavior. Gravid females laid eggs where prey mites as well as their signs (feces, egg shells and dead bodies) were abundant. This suggests that the beetle secures food for its progeny, and also gathers material to cover eggs. This behavior may minimize egg loss due to predation.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Yoshinori KUNIMOTO, Norizumi SHINKAJI, Hiroshi AMANO1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 71-78
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal occurrence of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (MCGREGOR), was investigated on three forms of the evergreen host, Irex crenata. The development periods of the mite differed between these tree forms. Development of the immature mite was fastest on Irex crenata (THUNB.) and the population density was highest on this tree in the field. Detailed observation of mite numbers on this host revealed that eggs oviposited during winter, hatch quickly in early April due to the sharp rise in temperature. Other overwintering immature stages also advanced causing an abundance of adult females in late April. These females and their progeny increase the population density rapidly causing some damage to host trees during this period. Host trees grew new leaves on twigs. Mites avoided these new leaves on which they showed limited reproduction and development for some reason. Mite density then decreased rapidly as a result of dispersion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Masatoshi TAKEUCHI, Masato TAMURA1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 79-84
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo compare the life cycle trends of populations feeding on different host plants, two populations of the cucurbit-feeder ladybeetle, Epilachna admirabilis, were surveyed at Setagaya and Hadano, in and near Tokyo. Although both populations have a similar life cycle, the larval period of the Setagaya population feeding on Trichosanthes kirilowii was shorter than that of the Hadano population feeding on Gynostemma pentaphyllum and T. cucumeroides. A small part of the Setagaya population emerged in autumn, but all known conspecific populations emerge in spring. Laboratory rearing tests showed that larvae reared at 24°C, 16L-8D on T. kirilowii pupate 54 days after hatching, but those reared on G. pentaphyllum pupated 83 days after hatching. The life-cycle variation in E. admirabilis is caused, at least in part, by different availability of host plants. We also observed many adults sucking honeydew produced by the aphid Shivaphis celti when food plants were in scarce.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
Tadaharu YOSHIDA1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe drone congregation areas (DCA) of both native A. cerana japonica and introduced A. mellifera were investigated. An A. mellifera DCA was found 300 to 750m south of our university apiary. It was an open space surrounded by low trees. A total of 650 A. mellifera drones were captured at this DCA from 12:45 to 15:29 from 6 to 8 June 1990 and 1991, but only 13 A. cerana japonica drones were captured from 14:15 to 15:29. A. mellifera drones were not captured after 15:30 when the number of flying drones decreased. The small number of captured A. cerana japonica drones suggests that the DCA is not shared by A. mellifera and A. cerana japonica.
An A. cerana japonica DCA was found at a height of about 20m, 10m above a crown of Quercus acutissima tree. Sixty A. cerana japonica drones and 22 A. mellifera drones were captured from 15:00 to 15:35 on 19 May 1991. A. cerana japonica drones were marked at the DCA and many were recovered in colonies 100 to 700m from this DCA. A. mellifera drones captured at this DCA are believed to have been returning to an apiary about 200m from the DCA because they were caught very late.View full abstractDownload PDF (1572K) -
Hajimu TAKADA, Naoko SUGIMOTO1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 91-99
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe life cycle of Aphis nerii and its natural enemy complex were studied at two hedges of Nerium oleander var. indicum in Kyoto in 1990-1993. A. nerii overwinters parthenogenetically in Kyoto, with a dormant period of about 2 months beginning early February. It starts to disperse in early May and then follows a typical seasonal abundance trend with two major peaks in early June and early August, and a minor peak in September. From October on, outbreaks occur only if plants are pruned in autumn. Fifteen aphidophagous species composed of Coccinellidae (3spp.), Syrphidae (4spp.), Chamaemyiidae (1sp.), Chrysopidae (3spp.), Hemerobiidae (1sp.), Aphidiidae (2spp.) and Aphelinidae (1sp.) feed on A. nerii. From late May to mid-September, Cheilomenes sexmaculatus is the aphid's major natural enemy. The rapid decline in A. nerii populations after the first and second peaks are attributed mainly to predation by this coccinellid. From late September on, syrphids and parasitoids, particularly Aphelinus sp., become dominant predators. However, these insects appear to have little effect on A. nerii populations. The toxicity of this aphid to its natural enemies is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
Minoru MIYASONO, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Shyuichiro INAGAKI, Katsuaki OHBA, T ...1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe enhancement of the insecticidal activity of δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1 by several microorganisms and spores from six serovars of B. thuringiensis was investigated. Fourth instar larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella were fed on 5g of artificial diet containing 1ml of test preparation. The LC50 values of the δ-endotoxin combinations with spore or bacterial cells (108/ml) were: B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki: 0.05μg/ml, serovar aizawai: 0.06μg/ml, serovar kenyae: 0.21μg/ml, serovar israelensis: 0.53μg/ml, serovar entomocides: 1.10μg/ml, serovar sotto: 2.00μg/ml, living cells of Lactobacillus rhamnosus: 0.42μg/ml, Saccharomyces sake: 0.77μg/ml, Bacillus subtilis: 2.50μg/ml, Zygosaccharomyces soya: 2.10μg/ml, and Bacillus coagulans: 3.40μg/ml. Whereas the LC50 of δ-endotoxin was 5.80μg/ml. Higher correlations were observed between the enhanced insecticidal activity and proliferation of microorganisms in the insect hemolymphs. Germination of spores or proliferation of bacterial cells in the insects were observed when only δ-endotoxin was applied. This suggests that: (1) spore germination in the intestine of the diamondback moth is responsible for the lethal precipitate action, (2) spores or living cells of some microorganisms act synergistically with the δ-endotoxin toxicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1750K) -
Isolation and IdentificationChisato HIRANO, Keiichiro YASUMI, Eiji ITOH, Chul-Sa KIM, Michio HORII ...1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 109-120
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDespite its polyphagous nature, Thrips palmi does not really attack tomato plants. In efforts to elucidate the chemical basis responsible for the tomato's resistance, a crystalline compound possessing strong antifeeding activity for this insect species was isolated from tomato leaves by means of methanol extraction, water/butanol partition, silica gel chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. According to responses to certain test reagents, qualitative and quantitative LC profiles of component sugars, melting point, specific rotation, UV-, IR-, MS-, 1H-NMR- and 13C-NMR-spectra, the compound was identified as α-tomatine, a known steroidal glycoalkaloid in tomato plants. The immunity of tomato plants to T. palmi is explained solely by the occurrence of α-tomatine, because T. palmi does not use airborne information (attractants/repellents) to avoid tomato leaves, and tomato leaves apparently provide the required phagostimulants and nutrients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Shun'ichi SHIBUYA1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 121-124
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulations of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, sampled from five regions in Miyagi Prefecture in 1988 and 1989 were less susceptible to malathion, fenobucarb, carbaryl and propoxure than populations collected in 1971. The population at Rokugou, Sendai sampled in 1989 was 161-times less sensitive to malathion than the 1971 population. Despite fewer insecticide applications, susceptibility to malathion, fenobucarb and carbaryl decreased in populations of two regions. Resistance to these insecticides may be related to the extent of control by propoxure and carbosulfan used as systemic insecticides.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
5. Effects of Ge Ooplasm on Larval Development in Next GenerationYutaka KAWAGUCHI, Yutaka BANNO, Katsumi KOGA, Hiroshi DOIRA, Hiroshi F ...1994 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1272K)
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