Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 58, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Special Articles: Recent Progress in Pest Management using Artifi cial Light and Colors
Preface
Review
  • Spectral Sensitivity of Insect Photoreceptors
    Kentaro Arikawa, Motohiro Wakakuwa, Michiyo Kinoshita
    Article type: Review
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 5-11
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.5
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Spectral sensitivity of insect visual system is one of the most important functions that are useful for controlling potential pests. After briefly summarizing the basic structure of two typical compound eye types, the apposition type of diurnal insects and the superposition type of nocturnal insects, we will introduce the mechanisms underlying the spectral sensitivity of insect photoreceptors. We will then explain some technical aspects that are crucial for measuring spectral sensitivities.
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Original Articles
  • Action Spectrum of Phototactic Behavior and Compound Eye Spectral Sensitivity in the Yellow Tea Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
    Manabu Kishi, Motohiro Wakakuwa, Masanori Kansako, Takashi Inuma, Kent ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 13-16
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.13
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We studied the effective action spectrum of phototactic behavior and compound eye spectral sensitivity in the yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. We compared positive phototactic responses in S. dorsalis among several light wavelengths (355, 405, 468, 525, 590, 631, 660 nm). Scirtothrips dorsalis showed strong positive phototaxis at 355 and 525 nm. We determined the spectral sensitivity of the compound eye by recording electroretinographic (ERG) responses to monochromatic stimuli ranging from 300 to 740 nm. The spectral sensitivity showed peaks at 360 and 520 nm. These results suggest that the action spectrum of the phototactic behavior of S. dorsalis matches its eye's spectral sensitivity.
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  • Attraction of Melon Thrips, Thrips palmi (Karny), to Color Sheets and LED Lights
    Hajime Haga, Yusuke Katai, Junya Mannen, Shinichi Masui
    Subject area: Original Article
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.17
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Trapping tests for melon thrips, Thrips palmi, were carried out using 17 colored resin sheets, 8 LED lights, and 2 types of plate. Among the colored resin traps, more thrips were captured by resin with a peak spectral reflectance between 481 and 523 nm. Among the 8 LED light traps covered with a diffuser, more thrips were captured by LED traps with peak wavelengths of 500 or 525 nm. When the LED light traps were covered by a transparent acrylic plate, the 470-nm LED trap captured as many thrips as the 525-nm LED trap, and both produced the highest capture rate. In an experiment that combined LED traps with one of three wavelengths (470, 500, or 525 nm) and either a diffuser or a transparent plate, the 470-nm LED trap captured fewer thrips than the other combinations, and the 470-nm trap covered by a diffuser captured significantly fewer thrips than the same trap covered by a transparent plate. Significantly higher captures were obtained using 500- or 525-nm LEDs covered by transparent plates. Thus, melon thrips were stably attracted to light at wavelengths from 500 to 525 nm.
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  • Spectral Preference in a Free-flying Condition of the Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
    Nobuyuki Endo, Motohiro Wakakuwa, Kentaro Arikawa, Mantaro Hironaka
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 23-38
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.23
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    To understand the visual responses of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, we investigated the behavioral preference for wavelengths, and also checked the spectral sensitivity of the bug. The compound eyes of N. viridula adults showed a bimodal sensitive pattern to wavelengths (300–740 nm), responding strongly to ultraviolet region (peak at 360 nm), and maximally to green region (peak at 520 nm). In free-flying preference experiments using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of five different peak wavelengths (373, 444, 464, 534 and 583 nm), both male and female adults strongly preferred the ultraviolet light (373 nm) among five LEDs. Among all other four, adults preferred blue region light (444 nm and 464 nm) to 534 nm and 583 nm. In dual choice experiment, N. viridula choose green light (534 nm) more than orange light (583 nm). These results show that N. viridula prefer shorter wavelength light under the same photon flux density, and indicate the potential use of short wavelength light for light trap to monitor N. viridula.
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Short Communications
  • Attraction of the Melon Thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to Traps Combined with a Colored Sticky Board and an LED (Light Emitting Diode)
    Manabu Shibao, Hiroshi Tanaka
    Article type: Short Communication
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 29-32
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.29
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    The attraction of the melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, to two types of traps combined with a colored sticky board and an LED array was investigated in 2010 in an eggplant greenhouse. The colors of the sticky boards were blue, yellow and white, and the peak wavelengths of the LED arrays were 470 nm (blue) and 375 nm (ultraviolet). The “direct type” of traps was designed to directly illuminate the plants with an LED array and set along the upper edge of the board whose sticky surface was directed to the plants. In the “reflective type” of traps, the LED array was set close to the plants and directed toward the sticky boards. As a result, the number of adult thrips caught was significantly larger in the reflective type of trap with combination of the blue sticky board and the blue LED.
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  • Trap Catches of Dipteran Insects using Ultraviolet LED (Light Emitting Diode) and Water-pan Trap
    Shoji Sonoda, Yoko Kataoka, Yoko Kohara, Ryo Nakano, Yuri Imura, Mitsu ...
    Article type: Short Communication
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 32-35
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.32
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We examined phototactic responses of dipteran insects, including Neoempheria ferruginea (Brunetti), Sciaridae, and Drosophila, using ultraviolet (365 nm), green (525 nm), and white wavelengths of a LED (light emitting diode) using a water-pan trap. The number of N. ferruginea captured (trap catches) were highest in the trap with ultraviolet LED. Then, we examined the effects of ultraviolet LED and surfactant (1% Tween 80) in the water-pan trap on the trap catches using generalized linear mixed model. Both ultraviolet LED and surfactant were shown to affect positively on the trap catches. Nevertheless, the LED variable had the highest effect on N. ferruginea trap catches. On the other hand, trap catches of Sciaridae and Drosophila were affected most by the surfactant.
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Technical Note
  • Evaluation of Phototactic Behavior by Two-dimensional Open Field Test in the Brown-Winged Green Bug, Plautia stali (Scott) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
    Takuya Uehara, Terumi Yamaguchi, Toyomi Kotaki, Masami Shimoda
    Article type: Technical Note
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 36-38
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.36
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    Open field test (OFT) is a widely used procedure for the analysis of animal behaviors. However, a few studies using this method have been reported in insects. We here attempted to analyze a phototactic behavior of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali (Scott) by OFT, and to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of this approach. Bugs were released at the center of open field arena then illuminated with a light emission diode (LED). Their phototactic behavior was recorded by an infrared camera then two-dimensional trajectory analysis was performed for the video sequences. As a result, the OFT characterized an orientation pattern and walking speed of bugs approaching a light. We conclude that the OFT is an advantageous approach for the close examination of phototactic process and considering the ecological significances in insects.
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Original Articles
  • Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Strawberry by Combination of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) Release and Propylene Glycol Monolaurate Spraying and the Role of the Flower as an Alternative Habitat during Low Two-Spotted Spider Mite Density
    Yuya Ito, Kotaro Mori, Kohji Hirano
    Article type: Original Article
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 39-45
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.39
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To establish a control method for spider mites using a phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), we examined the combination of N. californicus release and propylene glycol monolaurate spraying. Although we could not control two-spotted spider mites on strawberry by only N. californicus release, they could be controlled by propylene glycol monolaurate spraying after N. californicus release. Our study also suggested that strawberry flowers maintained the N. californicus population when the population density of the spider mite was very low, and the resultant high natural enemy-spider mite ratio may contribute to maintaining a low spider mite population.
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  • Geographic Variation in Diapause Induction and Pre-oviposition Period of Adult Females in Haplothrips brevitubus (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)
    Kenji Fujimoto, Tamito Sakurai, Shiro Nakao
    Article type: Original Article
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 47-54
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.47
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    The predatory thrips Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) is expected to be used as a biological control agent against pest thrips in greenhouses. To clarify the effect of photoperiod on induction of reproductive diapause in this species and its geographic variation, females from Iwate (39.5°N), Kyoto (35.5°N), and Kagoshima (31.5°N) populations were reared under six different photoperiodic conditions at 20°C. Females reared under a long-day condition (16L8D) initiated oviposition within 15 days after adult emergence, while those reared under short-day conditions entered reproductive diapause. The critical day-length for induction of the diapause was about 15 hours in the Iwate population, between 14 and 15 hours in the Kyoto population, and between 12 and 13 hours in Kagoshima population. Although the maximum percentage of diapausing females below the critical day-length was more than 90% in Iwate and Kyoto populations, it was less than 50% in the Kagoshima population. Variation in photoperiodic response curves for diapause induction among several bloods within the Kagoshima population was larger than that in Iwate and Kyoto populations. Moreover, mean pre-oviposition period of females entering diapause in the Kagoshima population was shorter than that in Iwate and Kyoto populations. The critical day-lengths for diapause induction in reciprocal crosses between Kyoto and Kagoshima populations were between 13 and 14 hours, and the incidence of diapause in the crosses was higher than that of the Kagoshima population under a short-day length (<14L).
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Short Communications
  • Incidence of Brachypterous and Diapausing Females of Thrips nigropilosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Ryukyu Islands, Japan
    Shiro Nakao
    Article type: Short Communication
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 55-59
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.55
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To confirm inheritance of wing form and reproductive diapause of female Thrips nigropilosus, and prevalence of brachypterous and diapausing females in winter populations on the Ryukyu Islands, field sampling and rearing trials at 18°C were conducted. Kainan-shi (34.2°N) females from Honshu Island developing under short-day photoperiods (≤11.5 hours light) entered reproductive diapause, whereas Miyakojima-shi (24.1°N) and Yaese-cho (26.1°N) females from the Ryukyu Islands never entered diapause even under shorter day lengths. All Kainan-shi females molted into brachypters under short-day conditions (≤11 hours light) and became macropters under long-day conditions (≥12 hours light). The percentage of brachypters in Yaese-cho and Miyakojima-shi females developing under short-day conditions (≤11 hours light) was less than 50%, and no females developed into brachypters under photoperiods with at least 11.5 hours of light. Under short-day conditions (10 hours light), 93% of females molted into brachypters and 35% of females entered diapause in F1 hybrids between Yaese-cho females and Kainan-shi males. Macropters and brachypters were found in the field in overwintering adult females on Okinawa Island.
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  • Point Mutations of the Sodium Channel Gene Associated with the Fenpropathrin Resistance in Scirtothrips dorsalis and Discrimination of Resistant Individuals using the PCR-RFLP Assay
    Tomoya Yokoyama, Tetsuro Kashima, Satoshi Toda
    Article type: Short Communication
    2014 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 59-62
    Published: February 25, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2014.59
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We analyzed part of the sodium channel gene to clarify the molecular mechanism involved in the pyrethroid resistance of the yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), and found two amino acid mutations (T929I and L1014F) known as pyrethroid-resistant factors in several other insects. The L1014F mutation was shared with all the tested thrips from a field colony. On the other hand, the T929I mutation was found only in individuals which survived in pyrethroid treatment of agriculturally recommended concentration. This might suggest that pyrethroid resistance of S. dorsalis in the field is conferred by both mutations. We developed the PCR-RFLP assay using MboI to distinguish pyrethroid-resistant individuals.
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