巻号一覧
34 巻, 5 号
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広津 素子, 階堂 武郎, 三浦 宜彦, 中崎 啓子, 北村 邦昭, 内藤 雅子, 遠藤 幸孝, 根岸 龍雄1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 643-648
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe death rate for Nephritis and Nephrosis today is not as remarkable as it was about fifty years ago, but these are still very serious complications in diseases of the circulatory system and in Diabetes Mellitus.
We did research on the transition of deaths from Nephritis and Nephrosis from 1900 to 1976 in Japan, using cohort-analysis to get factors related to deaths from those diseases.
Our findings are as follows:
1) The death rate for Nephritis and Nephrosis increased rapidly from a level of 30.0 per 100, 000 population in 1900, to a peak of 107.7 in 1923, then it decreased rapidly to a level of 6.1 in 1976.
2) Death rates in the age class of 0-4 years old for cohorts born between 1916 and 1920 were 113.3 for males and 99.9 for females. Those for cohorts born between 1961 and 1965 were 1.4 for males and 1.0 for females. The age-specific death rate curves for each five years were not tracable as rectilinear lines on semi-logarithmic papers, except for the last period for females.
Aging, itself, showed little relationship to deaths from these diseases.
3) Cohort analyses of death rates for Nephritis and Nephrosis showed Cohort-Phenomena for both sexes. The death rates of the cohorts, born between 1926 and 1930, or before, increased with age until 1940. Older cohorts, born between 1906 and 1910 or before, had almost fixed death rates for the diseases after 1940.
4) An comparison of the transition of the death rates for the diseases by prefectures showed time-differences in their peaks. Peaks occurred first in urbanized prefectures such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto, then in neighboring areas, and last in rural areas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (671K) -
杉浦 静子, 松井 清夫, 坂本 弘1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 649-655
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーHealth articles in newspapers are evidence of the health of a given society, influence the interests and attention of subscribers toward the health problem. Thus, an analysis of health articles in newspapers is important for evidence about health and for investigating the educational significance of health articles as media.
A sampling of health articles was examined in two major, daily newspapers for three monthes, and trends in the quantity and the quality of health articles for the last 20 years were also studied in these two daily newspapers.
The following results were obtained:
1) The distributions of the number of health articles in terms of space or by the size of heading for a period of one week or one month could be considered represented samples for the three month period. Distributions of the number of health articles by content or by the type of articles during any one week or one month were not representative of the 3-month period.
2) A significant positive correlation was observed between the space used and the size of the heading.
3) The total number of health articles per year increased during the year, but this tendency was not similar in both papers. The amount of space and the size of the heading tended to expand during the year.
4) The majority of articles was related to accidents in each year. The proportion of articles on environmental pollution to all health articles increased rapidly from about 1970.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (869K) -
熊倉 真1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 656-663
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA genetic analysis was made of the values of hemoglobin [Hb] and hematocrit [Ht] in family members. Hb and Ht were measured by the cyan-methemoglobin method and by the capillary tube method, in 650 men 1, 075 women, under the same ecological circumstances, aged from 20 to 64 years.
Levels of Hb and Ht in men were always higher than those in women in all age groups. The Hb and Ht values decreased with increasing age in men. Changes in Hb and Ht values showed normal distributions, and were both regarded as quantitative characters influenced by the polygenic system.
Correlations of Hb between father and son, mother and son and both parents and son were all statistically significant at the 5% level, but the correlation between father and mother was not significant. Correlations of Ht between father and son, mother and son, and both parents and son were significant except for that between father and son. The correlation of Ht between father and mother was insignificant. After correction of data by sex and age, the standard normal deviates (ZHb, ZHt) were determined. Correlations of corrected Hb and Ht values were then analysed. Correlations of ZHb between father and son, mother and son, and both parents and son were all significant. Correlations of ZHt between father and son, mother and son, and both parents and son were also significant except for the correlation between father and son. However, the correlations of ZHb and ZHt between father and mother were not significant. Correlations of Hb, ZHb, Ht and ZHt were all significant between midparent and son.
Based on the above results, the genetic forces of hemoglobin and hematocrit were estimated from the one parent and son correlation and from the midparent and son regression. Heritabilities of Hb and Ht were from 0.518 to 0.704 and from 0.346 to 0.580, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1082K) -
福島 晋一, 小川 博, 塩田 千代, 笹川 祐成1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 664-669
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWe here described a preparation method for a culture medium for paramecia, and how to detect recessive lethal mutations using the autogamy of Paramecium tetraurelia. It was confirmed that MNNG is a strong mutagen. The mutagenicity of some food colours was tested. Food red No. 2 showed no significant mutagenicity, but was slightly affected. Food red No. 3, food red No. 102, food red No. 104, food yellow No. 4 and food blue No. 2 showed no significant effects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5179K) -
第1報 四エチル鉛がラットの睡眠-覚醒サイクルに及ぼす影響について松本 一弥, 松井 知子, 川森 正夫1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 670-676
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe authors examined acute intoxication from tetraethyl lead (TEL) in the central nervous system of rats by means of a polygraph.
Twenty-five white male Wistar rats, weighing between 295 and 310g each were examined. Under Nembutal anesthesia bipolar electrodes were implanted on the surface of the cortex between the frontal and occipital lobes of the left and right hemispheres, on the bilateral canthi and on the neck muscles. The animals were divided into five groups of five rats each. The five groups were given TEL in doses of 0.0mg, 10mg, 20mg, 40mg and 80mg per kg body weight respectively. Observations began two weeks after the operation and were by means of a polygraph. Each observation session lasted for 24 hours once before the TEL injection (from 3 to 5 days before) for all rats; and then daily, from immediately after the injection until death for the 20mg, 40mg, 80mg groups; and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 19, 25 and 30 following the injections for 0.0mg (control) and 10mg groups.
The polygram included readings for electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG) and respiratory movement (RM), which were simultaneously recorded with a San-Ei 9 or 13-channel electropolygraph.
The following results were obtained;
1. All rats given 20mg, 40mg and 80mg/kg of TEL died, the period before the appearance of toxic symptoms decreased, the greater the amount of TEL administered. The TEL 10mg/kg group survived and toxic symptoms did not appear.
2. After the TEL injection, body weight continued to decrease until death in the following order; 20mg, 40mg and 80mg/kg groups. In the 10mg/kg group, it decreased for eight days after the injection of TEL, but thereafter it remained stable.
3. Concerning the sleeping-waking cycle obtained from the polygraph after the injection of TEL, the amount of slow wave sleep (SS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) both decreased markedly until death. The decrease in SS and PS was found to be greater in the following order; 80mg, 40mg, and 20mg/kg groups. In the 10mg/kg group, both SS and PS decreased for five days after the injection of TEL, after which they reverted to normal levels.
From the above results, it can be said that the changes in sleeping-waking cycles correlate directly to the extent of the poisoning, and such as poisoning can be seen creating a disturbance in the central nervous system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4882K) -
重田 定義, 三澤 哲夫, 相川 浩幸, 平瀬 文子, 永田 正博1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 677-682
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーEffects of asymptomatic lead exposure on Sidman avoidance behavior in rats were studied. The animals were administered asymptomatic doses of lead acetate until 60 days of age through maternal milk while suckling and drinking water after weaning. From 61 days of age, learning patterns for lever pressing and shock avoidance of animals were investigated for one hour every other day for a total of 10 sessions.
1) The mean concentration of lead in rats administered 2mg/ml lead was 34.8μg/100g in the blood, and 99.3μg/100g in the brain at 60 days of age, and no significant differences were seen in shock avoidance learning when compared with the control group.
2) The mean lead level of lead in rats administered 5mg/ml lead was 73.2μg/100g in the blood, 222.4μg/100g in the brain at 60 days of age, and the acquisition of shock avoidance patterns was significantly delayed in the first five sessions of the learning period when compared with the control group.
3) The acquisition of shock avoidance patterens in the 5mg/ml lead group was similar to that of the control group in the second half of the training sessions. These results indicated that reinforcement stimulus by electric shock used on a Sidman avoidance schedule was a very strong reinforcement stimulus of those used in the operant behavior experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (799K) -
富田 勤, 佐藤 敏雄, 菅原 正夫, 高桑 栄松, 斎藤 和雄1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 683-689
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIt has been observed that a disturbance in heme biosynthesis, especially the increase of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid can be caused by arsenic poisoning, as well as by lead and mercury poisoning. The mechanism of this action, however, has not yet been clearly explained. In the following experiment, the formation of 5β type steroids which induce δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase was studied by measuring the changes in the activities of steroid 5β-reductase, 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and β-D-glucuronidase. In order to measure these changes, 105, 000×g supernatant and lysosome of the liver of the rat were used as enzymes.
On the seventh day after the subcutaneous administration of calcium arsenate, the activities of testosterone, Δ4-androstene-3, 17-dione, progesterone and 17α-hydroxy progesterone 5β-reductase increased significantly, and also those of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with androsterone and 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-11, 20-dione as substrate showed a significant increase. No significant difference, however, was observed in the activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and β-D-glucuronidase.
On the fourteenth day after the subcutaneous administration of calcium arsenate, no significant difference was observed in the activities of steroid 5β-reductase, 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and β-D-glucuronidase.
From these results, it is suggested that at the beginning of arsenic poisoning some 5β type steroids increase, and play a role in bringing about the increase of δ-aminolevulinic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (890K) -
香川 順, 津留 喜恵子1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 690-696
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーSix adult male volunteers were exposed to 0.15ppm ozone and 0.15ppm sulphur dioxide alone, and in combination with intermittent light exercise over a period of two hours. Two of the subjects developed a cough upon inspiring deeply and coughed mildly during forced expiration when exposed to ozone alone or ozone in combination with sulphur dioxide. A significant enhanced decrease in specific airway conductance after exposure to the ozone plus sulphur dioxide mixture was observed in three of the subjects. These results suggest that the effect of the two gases at 0.15ppm was more than simply additive in some subjects when the subjects exercised in the presence of these gases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K) -
石渡 淑子, 三島 昌夫, 風間 発子, 星合 尚, 丹羽 源男1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 697-705
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー歯質中の亜鉛およびマグネシウムの定量分析を行い, その結果にもとづいて濃度分布および金属間相関性について検討した。その結果次のような傾向を把握した。
1) 分析方法
歯質中のマグネシウムおよび亜鉛の定量分析を行うかぎりにおいては, 20%塩化カルシウム溶液を溶媒とした標準溶液を調製し, 検量線を作成して定量分析を行うことにより, 良好な結果を得た。
2) 濃度分布
マグネシウムおよび亜鉛の濃度分布型は, いずれも対数正規分布を示した。
また, エナメル質および象牙質中のマグネシウムの濃度分布型は酷似したが, 亜鉛にはそのような傾向はみられなかった。
3) 相関性
Ca/Pとマグネシウムとの相関は高く, 亜鉛との相関は低い結果を示した。とくにマグネシウム濃度は, エナメル質および象牙質間で極めて高い相関性を示した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (791K) -
片山 誠1979 年 34 巻 5 号 p. 706-713
発行日: 1979/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe influence on immune responses of a phase shift in light-dark cycles was studied in mice. Male dd-strain mice weighing 10 to 12g were randomly divided into two groups, and raised for 3 weeks in a climatic chamber kept at 25°C±1°C and 60% rh, with light from 0700 to 1900 hours (LD 12:12). After 3 weeks, one group of mice was transferred into another climatic chamber with a reversed lighting regimen.
Mice immunized with the red cells of sheep (6.6×107/g body weight) were sacrified to collect sera and spleen samples in order to investigate the influence of light inversion on primary as well as secondary immune responses, and changes in the course of time of the immune response was studied.
Tests for hemagglutination (HA) and hemolytic reaction (HR) were carried out to find the antibody titers in the sera, and the numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen were counted.
The following results were obtained:
1) The loss of immune response was significant in mice immunized on the 4th day after inversion of the light-dark cycles with the dark period prolonged, as compared with the control group under an unchanged light-dark regimen.
2) On prolonging the light period, similar phenomena were observed.
3) The time for the immune response on the 4th day after the inversion of light-dark cycles indicated that antibody production was suppressed only in the initial phase of the immune response.
4) Seven days after primary immunization (6.6×107/g body weight), secondary immunization (3.3×107/g body weight) was carried out and the time for the immune response thereafter was investigated. The result indicated that a light inversion exerted little influence on the immune response after secondary immunization.
5) By treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol it was found that 19S antibody, and not 7S, was suppressed after the inversion of light-dark cycle in the primary immunization.
These results suggest the possibility that the pituitary adrenal axis may play a very important role in immunosuppression after inversion of light-dark cycles in mice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1103K)
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