Cohort analysis has been usually used to project the future population by age groups. However, this method may not be useful in case that the number of immigrants is much larger than the number of birth or death. This paper presents a new method which brings the proper relationships between household types and housing types into the projection. We can estimate the future population in a zone using the number of housing units by type projected there. Test results in Osaka metropolitan area shows that this method is better than the cohort analysis method in the case of Osaka city projection at 2010.

Walking simulation experiments were conducted, and the resulting data of route memorizing mechanism was quantitatively analyzed. Based on the post-experiment interviews, the memorizing units are identified as turning corners in the walking routes. Using a quantitative method newly developed by authors, the memory loads are derived. It is shown among others that a subject on average can proceed two turnings per one map consultation, and that the least memory capacity person memorizes half of the average person, whereas the most can three times of the average person.

The present paper proposes a class of axioms which seem reasonable to be satisfied by a measure of land use specialization. There are ten axioms: continuity, homogeneity, strict quasi-convexity, symmetry, area independence, descent direction, exchange-ability, reducibility, isotropy and consistency. The proposed measure satisfying these axioms is represented by a function of the distance between the land use ratio vector of a region in question and the average land use ratio vector of other regions. This measure is applied to land use data of Kawasaki to analyze the land use pattern of the city.

In this paper, we prove that building density (the number of buildings per area) is one of the most important indicators for showing environmental conditions of urban areas, as well as the building coverage. Using this indicator, we can calculate the "average" distance between neighboring buildings and also can estimate the total area of small useless vacant lots in an urban area.

In this paper, we define the evaluate index U of regional network patterns such that U=(Total fow of networks )/(Total stock of networks). We show that the network pattern for max U is a star graph when we use the graph distance of networks and then we compare the railway networks in Kinki region by index U. We consider the value of index U in a case as n points randomly placed in a square in chap.4.

The Hotelling's and his successors' location models carried the implicit assumption that a user goes to a facility to consume its service by himself, independent of other users. Unlike the past works, this paper considers the Hotelling's problem of facilities, such as meeting rooms, tennis courts and parks where a group of users comes from different locations to each facility. The Hotelling's problem formulated in this paper is concerned with the multi-person facilities and emphasizes the relationships among users.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimum mesh size for continuous variables distributed in two-dimensional urban spatial meshes. In the Investigation. the Greig Smith Procedure (GSP) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used and compared. As a conclusion, it can be said that, GSP are more limited by the total meshos configuration than AIC. Furthermore, from the case study by using the montal map data of Shibata city in Niigata prefecture, it can be shown that for the above purpose AIC Is more effective than GSP.

This study is directed to the problem of measuring average distances between two points in each of two coplanar regions. The objectives are: 1)to derive the approximated distances and to check their accuracy in some interesting cases; and 2)to apply this approximated distances to actual cases. Using simple functional forms, results show that they are accurate and useful. The approximated average distances can be applied to the analyses of varied kinds of movement phenomena in cities.

This paper presents The Limited Floor-Area Ratio Estimating Model. The Limited Floor-Area Ratio is the floor-area ratio filled in frame of building law. The frame of this paper is based on setback regulations and breath of frontal road. And then it modelizes road network and estimats The Limited Floor-Area Ratio. As a result, it is able to supply large scale in the coast region.

Recent studies have been paying much attention on trip chaining behavior. However, shop-around trip chaining behavior at a midtown district has not yet been fully explored. In particular, there is a lack of empirical facts about its purpose transition. Based on the citizen survey conducted by Saga City, this paper analyzes how many purpose transitions occur before quitting and constructs ratio scale to account for what type of purpose is preferred in what steps of shop-around. Findings are: quitting rate of shop-around increases as steps proceed; purpose transition probabillity is non-stationary; there are two kinds of purposes which are more likely to occur early or later.

The purpose of this paper is to get the optimum constructing sequence and location of public facilities in view of minimizing total access cost of users. Three types of optimum locating process models, i.e., (i) one-by-one estimation type, (ii) final estimation type, and (iii) grobal estimation type, are presented. Some criteria of efficiency of public facility locating process are proposed in order to facilitate the comparison of several configurations. Consequently, it is shown that spatial configurations based on above models are different from one another, but the differences of efficiency are not so much.

In Japan the several types of zonings were introduced as the new planning method for controlling urban sprawl more than 20 years ago. In this study the relation between these planning zonings and population change is analyzed by the multiple regression analysis using existing mesh data. As the result of this study it is concluded that these zonings have a certain level of relation with population change, and the land read justment projects also have some correlation with it, though the ratio of the land of the urbanization promotion area without the land read justment project has the most strong relation to population increase.

Almost Urban Port Areas in Japan have GRAY ZONEs that are areas with uncertaine utilizations and functions. One of the purposes of this paper is to find out GRAY ZONEs, and another purpose is to measure the potential abilities of DECLINE DISTRICTs by the method of multiple regression analysis. In addition, this report suggests the positive utilization of GRAY ZONEs for the increase of urban activities, and to explicate about the active plan of DECLINE DISTRICTs.

A Huff-type land use model was tested and found to be valid based on the industrial and commercial location data in Tokyo metropolitan area. The decentralization policy simulation makes clear that the combination policy of suburban ring transportation improvement and suburban core cities development is most effective. This combined plolicy is more effective than the summed impact of the two policies taken individually. Suburban core cities development policy help to bring about decentralization, but it leads to recentralization as people move back to the center over time.

The purpose of this article is to propose a method to classify detached housing areas by their development schemes. In the empirical study of urban fringe area in Bangkok, the housing areas are classified into four groups. Among the four groups, the classification of which is an effective tool to describe some part of urban problems (mainly residential environmental deterioration and traffic problems) in Bangkok, housing areas exhibit quite different characteristics, such as building area ratio, income distribution, working place and tenure condition.

To mix housing and dwellers is one of the important themes in these days. The present Public Housing System has several functions to enforce their tenants and dwellers into the specific social groups. Especially, the aged and low-income groups have been concentrated into several Public Housing Estates, and the concentration causes Housing Estate Communities to demolish. To revive their communities, mixing of various types of housing and dwellers is effective. The purpose of this study is to examine housing and dwellers mixing types in residential areas in Nagoya. This paper reports the analyses of Nagoya Residential Area Housing-Dweller Survey in 1987.

This paper aims at clarifying the process of generating housing demand, in order to support effective planning for improvement of dwelling or housing conditions by occupiers. This study is composed of two parts: 1) The diversity of housing evaluation is analysed, and various types of housing are classified into several groups by using factor analysis. 2) Research concerning relations among (1) Assessment of physical condition of the dwelling, (2) Formation of ideas by occupiers to improve their housing condition, (3) The achievement or otherwise of those idea. The data are adopted from "Fact-Finding of Housing Demand", a survey carried out in Keihanshin Metropolitan Area.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the monetary conversion factors of environmental impacts by considering the differences of evaluations among the household characteristics and the transport service levels of urban transport facilities. Two disaggregate models which use different types of attitudinal or preferencial questions are developed and applied to the data obtained in Nagoya city. As a result, the monetary conversion factors of environmental impacts are estimated for each item-category of household characteristics and transport service levels, and the validity of the methods developed are examined.

The purpose of this study is to throw light upon the process and contents of building the company's welfare facilities, and the adjustmental subjects of them, choosing Innoshima City from among many industrial cities. Innoshima Factory of Hitachi Shipbuilding & Co.,Itd. built many welfare facilities in this city, by which it made a contribution to the city facilities in this city. But the depression has arisen various problems to manage them now. Therefore, it is necessary to examine plans using the facilities and to improve infrastructure of this city.

Nowadays, many provincial town may be remarkable for deteriorated house and insufficient infrastructure in built-up area. Additionaly, phenomena of decline (ex.decrease in population) appear in such area, so it is necessary for housing improvement action with revitalization policy. Housing improvement action is so costly, but the financial conditions of provincial town are not favorable. Therefore, it is necessary to joint effort of public and private sector, and take a appropriate measure to finance for the town.

The housing estate built by Japan Housing Corporation in the late 1950s', have sociological and physical problems mainly because of its narrowed houses. In this paper, households at three housing estates, Sakurazutumi, Midorimachi, Higashihushimi, are classified five groups. A demand for improvement of housing estate is varies with family composition, their income and estimation of the environment. A Study on the Demand of the Residents for Renewal of their Housing Estate built by Japan Housing Corporation.

The Reconstruction Plan of the Metropolitan Government Operated Housings were made along with the institutions which were introduced to build facilities in the course of their development. The aim of this thesis is, through case studies in Setagaya-ku and Adachi-ku, of applications and achievements of the Plan, to evaluate the Plan. It was clarified that the main roles of the Plan was to make progress in reconstrution, by lessening the reconstruction rate of the number of houses, and by building facilities according to the plan of the Ku-wards. However, it was also clarified that the backgrounds which necessitated the Plan were changing.

Public Housing in Kyoto have not been enough to satisfy with the Elderly needs, although those have contributed to stability of lives and upgrading of physical conditions of housing for the Elderly. Because those have supplied in outer areas in Kyoto. As the private owned rental housing constructed before the World War II have decreased in central area, a lot of the Elderly will lose their housing and the needs of public housing will increase. It is necessary to develop the new supply system of public housing for the Elderly.

In the central,area of Kyoto, great part of high-rise buildings built in 1980s are "mansions" --- high-rise apartment houses built by private sectors. Most of them are located in sites surrounded by low houses and have brought new state of environmental problems such as sunshine-light problems. And analysis on lots-ownerships shows that lots owned for profit-making are increasing and enlargement of such lots have brought rapid change of patterns of lots.

This study describes Compreherisive Design System as a part of lncentive Planning Control in the urban area.The purpose of this study is to make the problem of existing conditions of the Comprehensive Design System clear,and furthermore to suggest improvement of this system and its additional possibilities. The main procedure of this study is: 1) Physical anaIysis of the data on each building which has been approved in Comprehensive Design System from 1973 to Mar.31.1987 by Osaka City Government. 2) lnterview with the administrators and the architects of each example.

In this article the author discusses physical design items which are at present in effect in planning Practice of Osaka City and Sakai City, in district planning control in Japan. In this study, variety and temporal or non-temporal effect of district planning and controling tools are categorized in to three. Brief comparison is made among Japanese district planning system and German and Swedish ones.

In the case studies of Taishido and Kitazawa,the authors investigated the structure of consciousness of improving residential environmental quality and willingness to participate in the projects based on questionnaire sheet surveys. The results are as follows; (1)Learning the usefulness of the project and the way how to participate is necessary. (2)The lack of public relation and the time restriction interrupts citizens to participate the learning occasions. (3) lnformations relating to the house-building for the owner-occupied are useful for project.(4)The style of supplying information should differ according to the personality of citizens. The information is shown to be effective particularly for those who get on poorly with their neighbors.

To overcome the institutionally formalized method of improving a living environment, it is significant to creat the values of residents lives and to raise their affection and sensitivity toward their own close-at-home environment. From such a point of view, the residents' spontaneous, informal activities directly connected with the living environment are to be appreciated, because they inhere their motivation to improve it. Community orienteering is a novel, effective method with such characteristics as the escalation and enjoyable process of environmental perception, share of information among attendants and adhochism.

The purpose of this study is to make clear children's development of cognizance about living space, and based on this result,to present new orientation to arrange children's environment especially play lots. To attain this purpose a cognitive map is adopted, and it is analysed by children's cognizance toward buildings and regions. The cognizance of children develops, from perceiving buildings by fasade to perceiving them by site; from recognizing regions as topological space to recognizing them as euclidean space. So we conclude that it is important to locate play lots near the pathes in which children walk in ordinary life, and the buildings which children can perceive easily.

Community planning comes to include environmental development as well as community life planning. This paper reports the activity of meals on wheels for the elderly by volunteers, and clears the problem of community planning. In this connection, this study obtained fol1owing results. At first, the service of meals on wheels for the elderly exist in variety group. ie; ”Voiunteer type”, ”Regional type”, ”Community planning type”. Second, the tasks of ”Community planning” enormously influence upon the improvement of Places, community facilities, and management of co㎜unity center.

We had already developed the quantative assessment model of the amenity of life with the weight of the items composing it and the sub-models linking with the conditions of urban facilities. We, including these developed models, formulated the non-linear programming model maximizing the betterment of the total amenity of life, subject to the restrictions of the construction cost of urban facilities and the others. Finally we verified the availavility of the system of these models by the application to the development programming of urban facilities in Tokushima City.

This paper examines about possibility of considering urban agricuitural land as valuable open space from the standpoint of public awareness in the neighbourhood,in urban fringe area. Followｉngs are the main results obtained from this study.1)Urban agricultural lands are evaluated as valuable“green”.2)Especlally orchards(mainly persimmon trees) and farms are highly evaluated.3)Such effects can be observed not only in agricultural area, but also in residential area close to agricultural area.

This study examines the relation between high trees and the residents' perception of existing greenery in their community, From these results､new methods of landscape planting can be investigated for future residential area. The results are as follows;1)1,496 high trees were found in study area in Fuchu city of which 602 were Zelkova serrata.2)Many high trees were planted per unit area, and although the overall percentage of green cover was below 30%,many of the residents were satisfied with the amount of existing greenery. 3)The residents express intrest in not only preservation and maintenance, but in increasing the greenery by planting more high trees.

This paper considers about the characteristics of frameworks for landscape planning in West Germany and England. Followings are the main results obtained from this study. 1)In West Germany, “Landschaftsplan” and “Grunordnugsplan” are the main landscape planning system.“Grunordnugsplan” is planned related with “Bebauungsplan”.2)In England, Tree Preservation Order, Planning Permission and Conservation Area are the main methods for preservation and increase of trees. 3)Both system have close relationship between greening and building control in themselves. And it brings successful greening in case of building and development.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the historical stage of public park-placement in Japanese city. In the result, there are three characteristic stages on the park-Placement planning,1st is the planning on resource-oriented parkland in the Meiji-period,2nd is the distributed planning style in the Taisho-period, and 3rd is the structural park-placement planning in the early years of Showa-period.

In the 1970s,planning staffs of Essex County Council established the new principles and methods of designing residential areas. In this paper is to be examined the contents of this design control system. In the first part, we analyze the components and conditions of so-called good design, summarize the five new design principles and then point out the importance of the space filled with sense of place. And in the second part, picking up the South Woodham Ferrers, we study the design principles in detail and analyze the contents and compositions of Design Briefs.

This paper is a second part of the serial study on the design standards methods. The Questionaires were practiced to find out the building owner and professional's estimate of the Sogo-Sekkei-System(S.S.S.)and to compare with other systems that was objects of former study(1986).Main findings are as follows; 1)Building owners and professionals form an fair estimate of the S.S.S.specially on the control for well-shaped building and public open space. 2)S.S.S. is different from the systems by the ordinance or the agreement.3 systems are characterized by the estimate of each design standards and operation system.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Osaka's cityscape structure in the latter half of the 19th century. Here we have picked up the “Naniwa-Hyakkei”,woodprints of the scenes of Osaka published in that time, and analyzed the position of the view point and the direction of the view in each print. Through this analysis, we have made clear that the edges of the land, such as watersides and skirts of plateaus are very important to cityscape planning.

In the early 17th century, about a hundred castle-towns were constructed in Japan as the capitals of each feudal domain. Since the Meiji period, with the growth of each city, some have changed their spatial structure gradually, others have maintained their original shape, and social and spatial context. The critical findings are as follows; Firstly, the castle towns can be classified under five typical groups at the view of the way how the new urban structure, especially location of railway and its station, is integrated with the historical urban pattern. Secondly, a variety of urban problems have been basically affected by these five typical urban patterns.

This article aims to get information about the effect of urban development and zoning on the accumulation of various urban functions. The sphere of comparison is main junctions in Tokyo-ku-area. As a result, four points as follow are made clear. 1)Office is accumulated in proportion to the level of development. 2)High Floor- area-ratio is more effective of two Places developed at same level. 3)The existence of trank road increase the accumulation, especially office.4)The principle reason for the accumulation of retails, amusements or restaurants is not the urban development, but the number of passengers.

This article makes an attempt to evaluate the floor-area-ratio(FAR)control system from the urban environment point of view in analyzing the data of 500m-square-mesh unit in Tokyo-Ku area.For this purpose, Ku-area was classified into 6 homogeneous groups. In one of them,commercial-residentia1-mixed groups, it has been made clear that the more utilization rate of FAR,the ratio of highrise office and the residential buildings increases. Its situation is due to what the loose zoning system combines with FAR control system.

The main purpose of the present study is to find out the population migration of young generation in a local city. A set of questionnaire surveys was conducted to a sample of high-school students and a sample of workers in their twenties. We make a quantitative estimation on maj0r four categories of the youth, that is, ”in-migrants”, ”out-migrants”, ”U-turn migrants” and ”stayers”. Finally, we mention several structural problems of migration in the local city which cause the absolute decrease of the youth.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of estimatin1g amenity in terms of property value approach and to identify the value of amenity for highrise flats in Tokyo. First, various physical enviroment survey of amenity inc1uding road noise, views from the windows, are conducted. Then, upon these data hedonic functions on actual trade prices are calibrated. Finally, it is found that the value of noise is about 1500-2000(yen/m･dB)as well as the value of views which are expressed as 3 heads of variables are 10000,20000-30000 20000～30000(yen/m2)respectively.

Urban planning is one of the objects of deregulation drive under the current British government. This paper first reviews the attempts by the Thatcher Government to reform the development control system, followed by an examination of those attempts by using a conceptual model. The paper ends with a discussion that planning deregulation in Britain has not so far seriously challenged the basic idea of planning intervention, that it is planning that decides whether development should, or should not, take place.

This paper analysed the recent tendency of the location of the electronic date processing division in the big companies the head quarter of which are now located in the heart of Tokyo. In addition to the secondary date analysis, a questionnaire survey was done to about a hundred companies to identify their behavior and the relating problems. Finally, the possibility of the reagglomeration of the divisions and the information processing industries to the suburban core cities are also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to compare the plan design (frame of thoughts and contents) of Japan's past and present NCDPs. The methods and contents of subjects which were included commonly in those NCDPs had been compared and evaluated. One of the resu1ts in this analysis is that none of these subjects among four NCDPs has same frame of thoughts and contents but measures for objects of planning. Conclusion of this study: the NCDP in Japan should be established more concrete frame of thoughts and contents for spreading better and effective development impact to the regional development plans at local areas.

It has been important to build the regional redevelopment planning in water reservoir area caused by dam construction. In this paper the effects arising from the promoting measures were investigated by means of a questionnaire for the municipalities where the reservoirs exist. Secondly the water reservoir areas were classfied into six groups based on the regional characteristics e.g. the population size of municipality, the key industries and the number of submerged households. After that, the factors of regional promotion were synthesized three principal components and the socio-economic influences in each region was examined in response to the process of projects.

The purpose of this paper is to define the actual condition of water use of Toyogawa irrigation system and the pattern of water use. This system was opened in 1968. It influenced agriculture, industry, human life and land use .Especially, due to this, the area has changed to high-agricultural area in Japan. But, in recent years, the lack of water is getting aggravated in this area. The outline of this paper is as follows; 1)change of Atsumi agriculture 2)actual water uses(each branch of water supply) 3)water use pattern to land use 4)calculating a unit of water demand 5)change of water use 6)cause of water problems 7)the conclusion.

This paper aims to define the knotty depopulation problems which consist of complicated factors with systematization. At first, some advance investigations on depopulation in a few depopulated areas have been put in operation in order to establish depopulation problems used in the main investigation. Secondly, those depopulation problems have been systematized by applying DEMATEL method through the investigation into the actual condition in depopulated areas. Finally, in order to create a plan to counter depopulation problems measures based on those results are recommended.

This study investigates the distribution structure of land use at the national, regional, urban zones and usable areas through the use of mesh land use data. Results showed that national land use is compromised of four pole system consisting of urban, agricurtural, forest and waste land. Regional land use is hierarchical in structure by municipal area. The land use of usable areas consists of two pole system comprising urban and agriculture areas while urban zones land use has a stratified structure. A model of distribution structure of land use for usable areas is suggested.