Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Hyperfine Structure of the Spectrum of Ruthenium Part III

Kiyoshi Murakawa

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 919-926
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.919

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The hyperfine structure of the spectrum of Ru I was studied, and it was found that the ratio of the distances of the components due to the even isotopes is given by Δ(104−102) : Δ(102−100) : Δ(100−96)⁄2=1 : 1.05±0.10 : 0.75±0.15. There is reason to suppose that the shift Δ(98−96) is anomalously small compared with the shift Δ(104−102) or Δ(102−100). The magnetic moments of the odd isotopes were calculated to be μ(Ru¹⁰¹)=−0.69±0.15 nm, and μ(Ru⁹⁹)=−0.63±0.15 nm.

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The Quadrupole Moment of La¹³⁹

Kiyoshi Murakawa

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 927-929
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.927

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The hyperfine structure of the spectra of La I and La II was studied, and data that are more accurate than the previous investigation were obtained. These data, together with an improved value of the screening correction of the d-electron, yielded the result that the quadrupole moment of La¹³⁹ is (0.6±0.2)×10⁻²⁴ cm², in which the polarization correction due to Sternheimer is taken into account.

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Observation of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonances with a Coaxial-cavity Spectrometer

Shoji Kojima, Akira Shimauchi, Shigeo Hagiwara, Yoshihito Abe

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 930-933
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.930

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A super-regenerative spectrometer with two cavity grid-separation oscillator of a lighthouse tube was constructed and operated in the frequency region between 700 Mc and 1000 Mc. With this spectrometer, nuclear quadrupole resonances of I¹²⁷ in solid NH₄I₃ and ICl were observed. The coupling constants for NH₄I₃ and ICl were 2440 Mc and 3008 Mc at room temperature and the asymmetry parameters were 1.8 percent and 2.0 percent respectively.

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Absorption of Ultrasonic Waves in Organic Liquids (III) Liquids with Negative Temperature Coefficient of Sound Absorption (b) o-Chlorophenol and Aniline

Tadashi Kishimoto, Otohiko Nomoto

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 933-936
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.933

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Ultrasonic absorption coefficient (at 15–20 Mc/sec) in o-chlorophenol and aniline decreases with temperature rise. The excess absorption obtained by subtracting the classical absorption from the observed one is nearly independent of temperature for both liquids and is ascribed to the molecular absorption. The absorption due to bulk viscosity, if present, is small, and estimated to be less than 1/2 the classical absorption due to shear viscosity.

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Residual Magnetization and Magnetostriction of Nickel Single Crystals

Yoji Nakamura

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 937-941
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.937

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By use of long cylindrical single crystals of pure nickel with various crystallographic orientations, magnetization and magnetostriction were measured at room temperature. It was found that the remanent magnetization I_r is given approximately by the following relation: I_r⁄I_s=1⁄\sqrt3β₁, where I_s is the saturation magnetization and β₁ is the direction cosine of the rod axis with respect to the nearest [100] direction. On the basis of this relation the magnetostriction constants and also the crystal anisotropy constants were determined. Magnetostriction curves constructed theoretically from the obtained values of magnetostriction constants agree with the experimental curves.

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Theory of Spontaneous Deformation of Barium Titanate

Wataru Kinase, Hidetoshi Takahashi

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 942-952
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.942

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The spontaneous ferroelectric deformation of the BaTiO₃, crystal to tetragonal form is calculated, taking account of the electrostatic energy and the short-range interaction of the type λr⁻⁹−μr⁻⁶, but neglecting the effect of thermal motion. It can be deduced that ionic shift causes the lattice spacing to extend a few percent to the same direction (i.e. the direction of spontaneous polarization). The result is sensitive to the choice of the “effective charge” of the Ti ion. However, for a certain range of this parameter, the dependence of the lattice constant on it shows a striking resemblance to the observed dependence of the lattice constant on temperature. Contraction perpendicular to the direction of polarization is a also calculated here considering the interaction among ions. we can show that the extension and contraction suddenly occur when the dipole interaction becomes stronger than some critical value. By taking a proper value for the dipole interaction energy the result can be made to agree with the experimental data.

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Statistical Properties of Lattice Chains

E. Teramoto, M. Kurata, R. Chûjô, C. Suzuki, K. Tani, T. K ...

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 953-959
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.953

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The statistical problems of chains are divided into three classes i.e. ideal type, real type and production type, and these three types of the chain problems are investigated by the use of relatively short lattice chains. We performed the complete enumeration of the dimensions of two-dimensional square lattice chains up to the bond number N=20 and three dimensional simple cubic lattice chains up to N=8. As for the mean square end-to-end distance ⟨R_N²⟩, we obtained the results that the chains of real type have always larger values of ⟨R_N²⟩⁄N than that of the chain of production type and its value seems to diverge as N→∞. The distribution of the end-to-end distances has a form which appreciably deviates from that of Gaussian distribution. A study also is made on the total number of configurations of lattice chains.

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The Mechanism of Internal Friction due to the Motion of the Dislocation

Tokutaro Hirone, Nobuhiko Kunitomi, Masajiro Abe

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 960-966
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.960

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The mechanism of internal friction due to the motion of dislocation was studied from the measurement on the variation of internal friction with cold-work. For copper, internal friction increases with the initial cold-work and decreases after showing a maximum. Since the features do not depend on the frequency used in the experiment at room temperatures, the internal friction due to dislocations is concluded to be originated from the static hysteresis which is proposed by Nowick.

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Diffusion of Silver in Silver-Zinc and Silver-Cadmium Alloys

Tokutaro Hirone, Motoharu Kimura, Toshio Kitagaki, Nobuhiko Kunitomi, ...

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 967-970
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.967

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Diffusivity of Ag¹¹⁰ in AgZn and AgCd alloys containing about 30% Zn or Cd was measured by means of surface counting. The results show that the silver atoms diffuse most rapidly in the lattice of AgZn and that the diffusivity of silver in AgCd is still higher than that in silver itself. These facts are interpreted by considering that the cohesive energy of the metallic lattice is affected by the addition of the impurity atoms not only due to the screening effect of the valence electrons but also due to the change of the repulsive interaction of closed shells.

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Some Characters of the Soap Bubble Raft in a Vibrating State

Einosuke Fukushima, Akiya Ookawa

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 970-981
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.970

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The bubble raft is set in a vibrating state in order to approximate the real crystal in thermal vibration more precisely by the model. The exciting vibration of 90 c/sec is transmitted to the bubble raft through the sustaining liquid. In the vibrating state, it is observed that the bubble raft expands uniformly until a critical state is reached, where the regular alignment is destroyed abruptly. By means of the lattice expansion, a formula is proposed defining a reduced temperature of the bubble raft corresponding to each input power of vibration. The diffuseness of the irregularity characteristic of the lattice imperfections, such as the vacancy, the vacancy group, the interstitial and the dislocation, is observed to increase in general under vibration. In the case of the vacancy group, it can be detected the stacking faults characteristic to the bubble raft.
Some preliminary discussions are attached as to the cause of the raft expansion and of the diffused lattice imperfections, the characteristics of the disordered state at the critical point, and the geometrical mechanism of formation of the stacking faults by means of the imperfect dislocations.

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Some Observations on Dislocations in Copper Crystals

Hideji Suzuki

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 981-995
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.981

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Well-developed octahedral {111} and cubic {100} faces have been obtained in recrystallized copper by annealing the material at a temperature close to the melting point. Monatomic steps on both octahedral and cube surfaces, which were caused by the presence of dislocations and their motion, are visible through the decoration by oxide particles formed in the course of cooling. Arrays of dislocations in sub-boundaries, random migration of each dislocation, the migration of dislocation groups in sub-boundaries, evaporation spirals are observed. Analysis of the structure of sub-boundaries in terms of constituent dislocations seems to support the main idea of the theory of dislocation network put forward by T. Suzuki and the present author.

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Aging Process in Quenched Aluminium-Zinc Solid Solutions

Ken-ichi Hirano

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 995-1002
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.995

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Aging process in quenched Al–Zn solid solutions has been studied in the same manner as in the Al–Ag system. Specific heat versus temperature curves have been obtained on the alloys after various aging treatments. Isothermal aging curves of electrical resistance have been also examined. In accordance with previous results on Al–Ag (J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 8, 1953, 603; ibid. 10, 1955, 23; ibid. 10, 1955, 454.), Al–Mg–Zn (J. Phys. Soc. Japan 10, 1955, 187.) and Al–Cu (in preparation), the present results reveal that the two independent reactions take place during the aging; they may be attributed respectively to the formation of Guinier-Preston zone and the precipitation of the new phase.

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Density Analysis of Glass in Transformation Range

Eiz\={o} Kanai, Takesi Satoh

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1002-1006
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1002

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Analysing the transformation phenomena of glass, we emphasize that the fundamental irreversible change is caused by the network deformation. Further, we note that the rate equation of the network deformation plays the essential role in the stabilization process of glass and that this equation can be assumed in a simple form with the use of the network temperature which represents the state of network configuration. Next, we apply above equation to the analysis of the density data by Daragan and show that the activation energy of the rate mechanism is dependent upon the network temperature in accordance with the theory and its numerical value is nearly equal to the activation energy of viscosity.

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On the Nature of Silent Electric Discharge

Kanji Honda, Yoshihide Naito

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1007-1011
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1007

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The current pulses produced by the silent electric discharge of an ozonizer tube were measured by a cathoderay oscillograph as well as by a milliammeter with filter and rectifier, and from comparison of these two series of results, the following conclusions were attained.
(1) The wave form of each pulse consists of two parts, the peak rush of current at the head and the smooth tail following the former. There is a reason to infer that the rushing part is due to electrons and the smooth part to positive ions produced by electrons in the space.
(2) The measured average value of the rushing current is just one half of the total current, hence the electron current must be equal to the ion current.
(3) If we assume that the discharge dies away at the stage of electron avalanche, the calculation does not agree with the observation. On the other hand, if we assume the discharge develops at least up to the stage of streamer, the observed results can be well explained.

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A Derivation of Guderley-Barish’s Solution for the Sonic Flow on the Basis of the Thin-wing Expansion Method

Kinzo Hida

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1011-1017
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1011

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It is shown that Guderley and Barish’s asymptotic solution for the sonic flow, which is valid far from the body, can also be derived on the basis of the thin-wing expansion method as extended by Imai.
Although Imai’s formula cannot be applied to axisymmetrical cases, yet the first term of the asymptotic solution in these cases can be obtained as well by means of usual formula based on the linear theory.

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Observations of Dislocations along Grain Boundaries in Germanium Crystals

Jun’ichi Okada

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1018B-1019
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1018B

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Decrement of Blast Wave

Akira Sakurai

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1018A
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1018A

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On the Coupled Dislocations along a Grain Boundary

Yasutada Uemura

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1020-1022
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1020

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The Angular Distribution of α-Particles from the Reaction ¹⁹F(pα)¹⁶O^*(π)¹⁶O

Akira Isoya, Kazuo Goto, Teruo Momota

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1022
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1022

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Influence of Magnetic Field on the Precipitation Process of Ferromagnetic Phase in Cu-Co Alloy

Tadayasu Mitui, Syôhei Miyahara

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1023-1024
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1023

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Fibrous Growth of NaClO₃ on Single Crystal

Norio Kato

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1024-1025
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1024

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On the Magnetic Ageing of Pure Iron (II)

Mitsuru Asanuma, Sinji Ogawa

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1025-1026
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1025

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Electron Diffraction on Supercooled Gold

Tadasu Suzuki

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1026-1027
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1026

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On the Spectral Distribution of Infrared-Stimulated Phosphorescence of Pb-activated ZnS-Type Phosphors

Sumitada Asano

1955 Volume 10 Issue 11 Pages 1027
Published: November 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.1027

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