Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Discrimination of Charged Particles of Different Masses by an Improved Method of Grain-Counting

Mikio Yamanouchi

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1523-1526
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1523

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In place of the usual method of grain counting in which all the silvergrains in a certain length from the end of a track are counted, a new method has been developed by counting only the grains excepting those in the last fifty microns of the track, since near the end of a track the apparent number of grains is not proportional to the energy loss. The ratio of the average number of grains in equal lengths of track-segments of deuterons and protons was found to be as high as 1.28±0.03, in contrast to the values ranging from 1.10 to 1.17 hitherto reported. The method has been applied to the discrimination of photodeuterons from photoprotons.

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Protons from Several Elements Bombarded with 30-Mev Alpha Particles

Isao Kumabe, Takesi Komatuzaki, Shigeharu Tomita, Tetsuji Yamaki, Yasu ...

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1526-1535
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1526

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Thin targets of Al, Cu, Ag and Au were bombarded with the 30-Mev alpha particles and the energy distributions of protons were measured at angular intervals of 10° or 15°. From an analysis of the energy distributions, the angular distributions for each 2-Mev energy interval were obtained.
General behaviours of the angular distributions are as follows. (1) The cross-section increases smoothly from back to forward angles. (2) The forward peaking of the cross-section is greater at low excitation energy of the residual nucleus than at high excitation energy. (3) The forward peaking is more pronounced for heavy elements than for light ones except for Au.
From an analysis of the energy distributions at 135° in laboratory system, the relative level densities of the residual nuclei were obtained as a function of the excitation energy of the residual nucleus. The curves on semilog plots of the level densities show the parabolic behaviour which is predicted by the level density formula coming from the Fermi gas.

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Photoprotons from Aluminum

Katsufusa Shoda, Takeo Ishizuka, Koichi Shimizu, Makoto Akashi

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1536-1541
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1536

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The energy and angular distributions of photoprotons from aluminum induced by 24 MeV bremsstrahlung were measured using nuclear emulsions. Many proton peaks were observed in the energy distribution. The energies of these peaks were compared with the results of calculations and experiments on (γ, n). The proton peaks from direct transitions between intrinsic single particle levels in deformed nucleus were calculated and they are too few to explain all the structures in the energy distribution. If the structures are neglected, the observed energy distribution agrees well with the calculated one using the statistical theory. The angular distributions were compared with the calculations of compound process and direct process. They suggest that protons are emitted by compound process in low energy and by direct process with d or lower orbital angular momentum in high energy.

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The General Solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation and Boundary-Value Problems

Hideo Suzuki

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1542-1552
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1542

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The general solution of the linearized Boltzmann transport equation is derived for an infinite medium, a semi-infinite medium and a medium bounded by two parallel planes. The particular solution required by the nature of the boundary scattering of the electrons is also obtained for these bounded media, subject to the following assumptions: a fraction p of the electrons arriving at the boundary of the medium is scattered specularly, while the rest are scattered diffusely; p is independent of the direction of motion of the electrons.
The general solution of the linearized Boltzmann transport equation agrees completely with Chambers’ expression, and the formulation presented by Mattis and Dresslhaus, Rodriguez, and Suzuki et al., all of whom have used the specular reflection boundary condition for the semi-infinite medium, is shown to be essentially correct.

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Relaxation of Velocity Distribution of Ions in a Plasma

Masatada Ogasawara

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1553-1562
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1553

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A relaxation process which is characterized by many relaxation constants is studied in connection with the magnetic pumping. A relaxation equation is derived from two ways, the one is to use the Boltzmann equation and the other the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The solution is expressed as a sum of many decaying modes and shown in general to have an oscillatory nature about the Maxwellian distribution. Convergence of a series of approximate relaxation constants is shown to be slow. Applicability of the solution is briefly mentioned. In case of an initially elliptic velocity distribution, excitation of neighboring modes cannot be neglected.

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Interaction of Solid State Plasmon with Radiation I. Absorption of Eletromagnetic Radiation

Noboru Matsudaira

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1563-1570
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1563

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The interaction of metallic electrons with electromagnetic fields are formulated in the formalism of Bohm and Pines’ theory. The formulation has the merit of direct applicability for the case of thin metal foil, which will be treated subsequently. In this paper the result is applied to the absorption of radiation by an electron gas with an emission of a plasmon which was also treated recently by Tzoar and Klein by the Green function method. Since the latter work contains some errors we recalculated the absorption cross section numerically and found that the cross section is of the order of 10⁻¹⁹ cm². The contributions of the individual electron excitation to the absorption are also considered in order to see the possibility of the experimental detection of the process considered.

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Theory of Impurity Levels

Akira Morita, Masayoshi Azuma, Hisashi Nara

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1570-1576
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1570

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The effective Hamiltonian for an electron trapped in a donor (acceptor) atom is derived from the Hamiltonian of the total system by taking account of the polarization effect of the medium on the basis of many-body treatment. As a result, an expression which enables us to calculate the impurity potential in the immediate vicinity of the impurity center is presented. One can also prove exactly by this expression that the impurity potential at a long distance from the impurity center is screened by the static dielectric constant of the host crystal for a uniform field.

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Collective Excited States and Dielectric Constant in Insulators

Yutaka Abe, Yukio Osaka, Akira Morita

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1576-1592
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1576

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The electron interaction in insulators is studied with special attentions focused on the dielectric properties and the exciton states. Use is made of Hubbard’s formalism and of the propagator formalism for an electron-hole pair. The following results are obtained: (a) the relations between the internal dielectric constant and the external one are elucidated, (b) an expression of the internal dielectric constant is given in a convenient form to see local field corrections due to lattice periodicity, (c) conditions for applicability of the effective mass equation (EME) to shallow excitons are made clear, (d) the screening constant appearing in EME is the same as the uniform static dielectric constant, (e) exchange correction for EME is not so small even for shallow excitons in silicon and germanium as is usually expected.

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Diffusion of Phosphorus into Silicon

Shun-ichi Maekawa

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1592-1597
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1592

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The phosphorus diffusion into silicon under the condition of constant surface concentration has been studied by means of radiotracer technique and conductivity measurements. The anormalies of apparent diffusion coefficient calculated from usual p-n junction method could be explained by assuming the existence of an extra fast diffusion mechanism, corresponding to the distribution profile in the high impurity concentration region of a diffused layer. The activation energy of the fast diffusion was about 1.8 eV, this diffusion was considered to be an interstitial migration of unionized phosphorus.
A maximum value of conductivity lies at the doped phosphorus concentration of about 5×10²⁰/cc. Electron mobility decreases with the increase of phosphorus concentration in the high concentration range above 5×10²⁰/cc.

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A Study of the Magnetic Properties of the FeTiO₃-αFe₂O₃ System by Neutron Diffraction and the Mössbauer Effect

G. Shirane, D. E. Cox, W. J. Takei, S. L. Ruby

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1598-1611
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1598

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The solid solutions (1−x)FeTiO₃-xFe₂O₃ exhibit strong ferromagnetic moments in the composition range 0.1<x<0.6. In this region cation ordering is thought to occur such that the Fe²⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ ions occupy alternate (111) layers, thus forming sublattices A[xFe³⁺, (1−x)Fe²⁺] and B[xFe³⁺, (1−x)Ti⁴⁺]. A neutron diffraction study shows that at least 95% of the Ti ions are located on the B layer but that they are not ordered within the layer. The temperature dependence of the magnetic intensities of a number of ferrimagnetic phases reveals that both sublattice moments, at zero magnetic field, fall considerably short of the theoretical values. In addition, Mössbauer patterns indicate that paramagnetic behavior persists over a rather wide temperature range below the Néel temperatures of solid solutions in which x=0.21 and x=0.33. These results are interpreted as a consequence of inhomogeneity in the magnetic structure, due to competing interactions as a result of the Ti ions being disordered within the layer. The center shift and quadrupole splitting for FeTiO₃ were measured over a wide temperature range. using these results, the Mössbauer absorption by solid solutions above their Néel points can be interpreted as a superposition of the absorption peaks of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺.

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On the Mechanism of Disaccommodation in Ferrites

Aleksander Braginski, Thérèse Merceron

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1611-1615
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1611

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The dependence of the disaccommodation spectra on the density of cation vacancies has been investigated in the manganese- and nickel-iron-rich ferrites and the results compared with the dependence predicted by Iida. It is found that his model is not applicable to the disaccommodation effect occurring at room temperature. Iida’s mechanism perhaps may be correct when applied to disaccommodation at high temperatures. Another model, based on the Slonczewski’s theory of the Fe²⁺ ion anisotropy, is proposed in order to explain the disaccommodation mechanism occurring at room temperature.

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Mössbauer Study of Hyperfine Field, Quadrupole Interaction, and Isomer Shift of Fe⁵⁷ in FeS_1.00, FeS_1.05 and FeS_1.07

Kazuo Ôno, Atsuko Ito, Eiji Hirahara

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1615-1620
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1615

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The hyperfine structures of Fe⁵⁷ in FeS_1.00, FeS_1.05 and FeS_1.07 have been investigated by the method of the Mössbauer absorption. The extrapolated values of the magnetic fields at the iron nuclei in FeS_1.00, FeS_1.05 and FeS_1.07 are 328 kOe, 318 kOe and 324 kOe at 0°K respectively. The energy shifts due to the quadrupole interaction in FeS_1.05 at 290°K and 90°K have opposite sign and their ratio is −2.8. The corresponding ratio in FeS_1.07 is −2.0. This indicates that the antiferromagnetic easy axis changes by 90°through the transition temperature from the c axis, which is considered as the direction of the largest electric field gradient, onto the c plane, while direction and value of the electric field gradient remain unchanged.
Observed internal magnetic fields, quadrupole coupling constants, and isomer shifts at various temperatures are given in Table 1.

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Study on the Ordered Phases with Long Period in the Gold-Zinc Alloy System II. Structure Analysis of Au₃Zn[R₁], Au₃Zn[R₂] and Au₃₊Zn

Hiroshi Iwasaki

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1620-1633
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1620

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Crystal structures of the ordered phases, Au₃Zn[R₁], Au₃Zn[R₂] and Au₃₊Zn are investigated by X-ray diffraction using single crystals. The structure models proposed by Wilkens and Schubert for Au₃Zn[R₂] and Au₃₊Zn are confirmed substantially, but partly corrected. The structure analysis of a new phase Au₃Zn[R₁] is given, and the stacking faults present in this phase is investigated. It is suggested that the complicated atom shifts similar to those in Au₃Zn[R₁] and Au₃Zn[R₂] take place also in Au₃₊Zn.
It is proposed that such complicated atom shifts seem to be a phenomenon not peculiar to the ordered phases in the Au-Zn alloy system but common to the ordered phases with long periods, such as Au₃Cd, Ag₃Mg, Cu₃Pd, CuAu II.

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A Twinning Structure in Crystals of Aniline Hydrobromide, C₆ H₅ NH₃ Br

Tokunosuké Watanabé, Inao Taguchi, Kazuo Kawabe

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1633-1637
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1633

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A new twinning structure of aniline hydrobromide was found by means of an x-ray study. The twin elements are two-fold screw axes parallel to [011] and [0\bar11] through the origin. This type of twinning can be seen, in some cases, by an microscopic observation, especially by etch patterns on a cleaved plane parallel to (100). The formation of the twin will probably due to the difference of the growth rates in different crystallographic directions.

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On the Origin of Stacking Faults in Pollycrystalline Thin Evaporated Films of Some Face-Centered Cubic Metals

Kanwar Bahadur, P. V. Sastry, G. L. Malhotra

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1637-1641
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1637

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In an earlier publication, extra reflections in the transmission electron diffraction patterns of pollycrystalline thin films of some of the face-centered cubic metals have been attributed to stacking faults in these films, (K. Bahadur and P. V. Sastry; Proc. Phys. Soc., London, 78, (1961) 594). In this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the mechanism whereby the stacking faults get introduced in these films. The precise conditions of evaporation, which give rise to extra reflections in the diffraction patterns of these films, have been studied. It has been shown that the stacking faults arise as a result of misfits occurring at the interface where the nuclei of condensation join together.

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A Note on Diffuse Patterns in Electron Diffraction from Single Crystals

Shizuo Miyake

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1642-1646
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1642

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Characteristic patterns composed of diffuse spots and streaks are observed in electron diffraction diagrams obtained with the reflection method from the cleavage face (110) of zincblende. The features of the streaks are discussed in connection with the similar diffuse streaks which have recently been observed with the transmission method by Igaki, and Honjo et al. for thin films of various kinds of crystals prepared with etching techniques. A general consideration on the origin of the diffuse pattern, including streaks and spots, is given.

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Electron Diffraction Study on CuAu at Temperatures Above the Transition Point of Order-Disorder

Kikuji Sato, Denjiro Watanabe, Shiro Ogawa

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1647-1651
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1647

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Using a high temperature electron diffraction camera and thin oriented, evaporated films, the structure of CuAu has been investigated mainly at temperatures above the transition point of order-disorder. When the temperature exceeds the transition point, strong superlattice reflections of CuAu (II) vanish and weak, diffuse maxima appear at superlattice reflection positions, those at {110} positions showing peculiar shape characteristic of anti-phase domains, over the temperature range of about 50°C above the transition point. It is inferred that short chains of domains with the anti-phase character which is the same as the character in CuAu (II) but much more degenerate than this are present sporadically in the lattice in the equilibrium state in this temperature range.

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Possible Similarity Solutions of Unsteady Free Convection Flow Past a Vertical Plate with Suction

R. S. Nanda, V. P. Sharma

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1651-1656
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1651

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Possible similarity solutions of the equations which describe the unsteady free convection flow past a vertical flat plate subjected to suction or injection have been obtained. It is found that similarity solutions are possible only in two cases: i) When the surface temperature varies as some power of t and suction velocity varies at t^−1⁄2 and ii) when the surface temperature is an exponential or periodic function of t and suction is constant. Simple closed form expressions for the velocity and temperature distributions are obtained in both the cases.

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Ultrasonic Studies in Aqueous Solutions of Zinc Acetate

M. Pancholy, S.P. Singal

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1657-1660
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1657

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Aqueous solutions of zinc acetate of different concentrations have been studied in respect of their ultrasonic and other physical properties at various temperatures. It is noticed that in case of zinc acetate the ultrasonic absorption coefficient which was earlier found to be increasing with increase in temperature at a frequency of 20 Mc/s, is found to have a peak in the absorption Vs temperature curve at a lower frequency of 8 Mc/s. With decreasing concentrations the peak loses sharpness and ultimately at very low concentrations there is a reversal in the temperature coefficient of absorption which now decreases with the rise in temperature. The results have been discussed along with observations in aqueous solutions of zinc sulphate and acetic acid.

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Generation of Sound Waves by a Self-Pinched Plasma in a Solid

Martin C. Steele, Takeo Hattori

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1661
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1661

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Negative Characteristics of a Probe in a Magnetic Field

Toshihiko Dote, Masaru Sugiura

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1662-1663
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1662

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Interaction of Cylindrical Shock Wave with Applied Magnetic Field Parallel to the Axis

Akira Sakurai

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1663
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1663

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Magnetoresistance in the Impurity Conduction of n-type Germanium

Chikako Yamanouchi, Watatu Sasaki

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1664
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1664

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Pleochroism in Aniline Hydro-Bromide and -Iodide

Kazuo Kawabe

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1665
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1665

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Dielectric Constant of Strontium Titanate at Low Temperatures

Etsuro Sawaguchi, Atsushi Kikuchi, Y\={o}ichi Kodera

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1666-1667
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1666

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Effects of Locally Applied Magnetic Field on Plasma in Kr Discharge

Hiroshi Yoshimoto, Yoshihiko Yamashita

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1667-1668
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1667

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Luminescence of X-rayed Alkali Halide Crystal Induced by Plastic Deformation

Masayasu Ueta, Masaki Kojima, Masamitsu Hirai

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1668-1669
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1668

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Magnetostriction of Single Crystals of Gadolinium

R. M. Bozorth, Tokuo Wakiyama

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1669-1670
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1669

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The Anomalous Thermal Expansion of Single Crystals of Gadolinium

Tokuo Wakiyama, R. M. Bozorth

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1670-1671
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1670

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Fe⁵⁷ in Lithium Ferrite and Magnetite

Shizuko Ogawa, Setsu Morimoto, Yoshiko Kimura

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1671-1672
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1671

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Structure of Giant Resonance in Al²⁷(γ, n) Reaction

Naoshi Mutsuro, Kosuke Kageyama, Masanori Mishina, Takemi Nakagawa, Ei ...

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1672-1673
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1672

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On the Study of P³¹(γ, n) and S³²(γ, n) Reaction

Naoshi Mutsuro, Kosuke Kageyama, Masanori Mishina, Eiji Tanaka, Motoha ...

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1673-1674
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1673

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Photoprotons from Sodium

Masatoshi Odera

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1675
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1675

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Precipitation of Nickel in Silicon

Masayuki Yoshida, Yoichiro Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Aoki

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1676-1677
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1676

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Effect of Excited Multielectron Centers on the Recombination Processes in Semiconductors

Moichiro Nagae

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1677-1678
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1677

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Paramagnetic Centers Produced at the Silicon Surface by Heat-Treatment in Atmosphere Containing No Oxygen

Hazime Kusumoto, Masakazu Shoji

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1678-1679
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1678

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Temperature Dependence of the Breakdown Field of Ceramic BaTiO₃

Ichiro Ueda, Motohiro Takiuchi, Seiji Ikegami, Hisanao Sato

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1679-1680
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1679

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Theory of the Dielectric Constants of Barium Titanate

Wataru Kinase

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1680A
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1680A

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A minus sign should be attached to the right hand side of Eq. (9c) in Page 74. Namely Eq. (9c) should be corrected as
a_Tiy″=−a₀′(1−8.17Δ_x)x_Ti0·\frac1l(1+Δ_x).

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Observations of Instability in Semiconductors caused by Heavily Injected Minority Carriers

Makoto Kikuchi, Yutaka Abe

1962 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 1680B
Published: October 05, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.17.1680B

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