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Volume 16, Issue 10
Displaying 1-49 of 49 articles from this issue
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Masayoshi Masuda1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1801-1807
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThin foils of lithium, sulfur, aluminum, nickel and copper have been irradiated with the X-ray beam from a betatron at Osaka University, and angular distribution of photo-protons were obtained by means of a ZnS scintillation detector.
The angular distribution of photo-protons thus obtained can be classified into two broad types, one isotropic and the other forward asymmetric. Aluminum and nickel (21 MeV) belong to the former type; while lithium, sulfur, nickel (18 MeV) and copper fall under the latter type, which is represented by the theoretical form, a+bsin2θ(1+ccosθ)2.
As an exceptional case, copper has shown an abnormal angular distribution having a maximum in the forward direction and also a rise up in the backward direction. The functional form which fits best to this distribution has been calculated by a Bendix computer and compared with the recent theory of photo-nuclear reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (808K) -
Katsufusa Shoda, Shoichi Shiina, Keisuke Kobayashi, Ken Abe, Motoharu ...1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1807-1817
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSPhotoprotons from Si and P produced by a 24-MeV betatron have been observed in nuclear emulsions. Fine structures are observed in the energy spectrum of Si, showing a fairly similar shape to the excitation curve of Al (p, γ) reaction. The appearance of these structures is expected by resonating group model and probably by the channel coupling theory as well. The distances of the proton peaks in the spectrum are nearly equal to those expected by these theories. The type of spectrum of Si is different from that of P, and such difference seems to appear between even and odd Z neighbouring nuclei.
The angular distributions for P have large maxima around 90°, but those for Si have not so large maxima and minima. This suggests that the shell structure may have some effects on the photonuclear reactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1316K) -
Tetsuji Nishikawa, Jiro Tanaka, Akira Miyahara, Hiroo Kumagai1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1817-1827
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe design study and the general aspect of a linear electron accelerator is described. Since this linear accelerator is used for the injector of the strong focusing synchrotron under construction, the spread of the output energy is desired to be as small as possible. For this purpose the cause of the energy spread has been reexamined and divided into two kinds; one is the different phase motions of the electrons injected at the various phase angles and the other is the variations of the microwave power, frequency, and other parameters. By the careful design, especially on the buncher, and by the use of the prebuncher and the stable power system, the output energy spread of about three percents has been obtained at the energy of 6.5 MeV.View full abstractDownload PDF (1484K) -
Yasuo Hirao1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1828-1840
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe analysis of gamma rays from natural sulphur, separated sulphur–32 and sulphur–34 bombarded by protons up to 5.7 MeV was carried out.
Excitation function of the 2.24 MeV gamma ray due to the transition (1st-ground state of 32S) was measured. Resonances were found at Ep=4.77, 5.10, 5.35 and 5.60 MeV, which correspond to the excitation energies of 6.93, 7.24, 7.48 and 7.71 MeV of 33Cl, respectively.
Gamma rays were observed with a single and three crystal spectrometers. In addition, using gamma-gamma cascade coincidence and sum coincidence methods, energies and decay scheme were determined as follows:
32S: 0.92 MeV (5th-2nd), 1.20 (6th-2nd), 1.54 (2nd-1st), 2.23 (3rd-1st), 2.24 (1st-ground) and ∼4.3 (3rd or 4th-ground).
34S: 0.97 (7td-3rd), 1.17 (2nd-1st), 2.13 (1st-ground), 3.30 (2nd-ground), 3.91 (3rd-ground) and 4.11 (5th-ground).
The 3.78 MeV gamma ray due to the transition (2nd-ground of 32S) was not found.
The angular correlation between the cascade gamma rays of 1.54 and 2.24 MeV shows good agreement with the transition of O+(E2)2+(E2)+. Then the 2nd state of 32S at 3.78 MeV has a spin of O+. This assignment agrees with the calculation of the j-j coupling shell model.
With a three crystal spectrometer, nuclear pair from the 2nd state of 32S at 3.78 MeV was searched. The intensity of the nuclear pair was about 2% or less of the 1.54 MeV gamma ray.
The configurations of this O+ second state and the ground state of 31P are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1564K) -
Katsufusa Shoda1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1841-1848
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSD2O soaked, H2O soaked and unsoaked emulsions were irradiated simultaneously at the characteristic angle by the 20.5 MeV polarized bremsstrahlung from a thin Al target in a betatron. The linear polarization of the gamma rays from 4 MeV to 6 MeV was estimated to be 31.7±5.0% by observing the azimuthal angular distribution of photoprotons from deuterons. The H2O soaked emulsion and unsoaked one were used to study O16(γ, p) reaction. The proton energy spectrum shows a structure which agrees with the earlier results except a peak at 1.1 MeV of proton energy. This peak which has never been found corresponds to the well-known resonance in N15(p, γ)O16 at 1.05 MeV of proton energy. The azimuthal angular distributions of photoprotons caused by several photon energy regions were observed. From these angular distributions it is shown that a resonance at a photon energy of 17.3 MeV is E1 transition, and the corresponding level of O16 is considered to have J=1−, T=1, which is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation in the intermediate coupling.View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
Susumu Morita, Toshiyuki Ishimatsu, Tetsuji Chô, Yutaka Nakajima ...1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1849-1852
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAngular distributions for the N14(d, p)N15 ground state reaction were studied at the deuteron energies of 15.2 and 13.8 MeV, and were compared with the angular distributions for the C12(α, p)N15 ground state reaction at such alpha-particle energies that the compound nucleus 016 would be produced at the same excitation energies as would be produced by the bombardment of N14 with deuteron of the above energies. Similar comparisons between the two reactions were made by using the available experimental results including our previous results. It is seen that the N14(d, p)N15 ground state reaction proceeds mainly via the stripping process at deuteron energies above 8 MeV showing no appreciable change of the angular distribution with deuteron energy, though the angular distribution for the C12(α, p)N15 ground state reaction shows critical energy dependence in the corresponding energy range.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Itaru Nonaka, Hisashi Yamaguchi, Takashi Mikumo, Iwao Umeda, Tatsuro T ...1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1853-1856
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSSpectra of protons from the (α, p) reactions on Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn were measured at the energy of alpha particles near 28 MeV. For Ti and Fe the shapes of the spectra and the distributions of the observed levels of residual nuclei resemble each other. This is also true for Cr and Ni, and for Cu and Zn.
Angular distributions of the first, the second and the third proton groups for Ni, and of the first and the second proton groups for Zn were all known to show the direct process type forward peaking. The integrated total cross sections of these proton groups are 0.54(first), 0.49(second) and 0.72(third) mb for Ni and 0.24(first) and 0.24(second) mb for Zn respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Masumi Sugawara1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1857-1865
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAn NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer was used to study the resonant scattering of photons generated by the bremsstrahlung x-rays. The resonant levels were found at 10.2 and 9.3 MeV in Mg and at 11.3 MeV in Si. Their level widths were obtained by the self absoption method. They are 3.8 eV and 0.9 eV in Mg, and 8.3 eV in Si, respectively. The spins and parities of these levels were assigned to be 1+ by considering the isotopic spin multiplets.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
P. Csavinszky1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1865-1869
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe effect of the impurity core on the mobility of charge carriers in heavily doped Ge is investigated by analyzing the role the core plays in the process of ionized impurity scattering. It is concluded, in agreement with experiments, that at the same doping level the electron mobility in an Sb-doped Ge crystal should be larger than in an As-doped Ge crystal. The dependence of the mobility ratio on the electron concentration is also investigated and found to be due to changes in the screening of the impurity ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Masakatsu Sakisaka, Bunzabur\={o} Saeki, Michio Tomita, Fumio Fukuzawa1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1869-1874
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSPlastic scintillator plates sandwiched between thin radioactive samples were viewed with two photomultipliers and the coincident outputs were measured.
For β−-rays, the pulse-height distributions showed approximately triangular shapes and the pulse-height endpoints were proportional to their maximum energies. Similar characteristics were also found in the case of γ-rays. The counting efficiencies were empirically determined as functions of radiation energies in both cases.
The sandwich scintillators having aluminium, copper or silver foils as samples were exposed to 14 Mev neutrons and the induced activities of the samples only were counted effectively. Thus the Al27(n, p), Cu63·(n, 2n) and Ag107(n, 2n) reaction cross sections were obtained with small standard deviations.
Other applications are suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Ichiro Tsuboya1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1875-1880
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIt was found that there exists a new ferromagnetic phase in Cu poor Mn–Al–Cu alloy in the composition range of 25 to 45 at % Mn, 37.5 to 50 at % Al and 12.5 to 25 at % Cu. The crystal structure is CsCl type and the lattice parameter is 2.984Å. This structure is the same as the κ phase in Mn–Al–Fe system. The magnetic properties may be interpreted in terms of the ferromagnetic structure composed of the Mn atoms which occupy two different sublattices.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K) -
Teruo Teranishi1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1881-1887
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe torque of a natural single crystal of chalcopyrite in a uniform magnetic field is measured. At room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature the torque of a disc parallel to (110)-plane shows two-fold symmetry and the easy direction is [1\bar10].
The temperature dependence of the torque is also measured. The torque vanishes at 550°C. Two principal susceptibilities parallel and perpendicular to c-axis, χ\varparallel and χ⊥, are calculated from the torque and the powder susceptibility.
The conductivity, the Hall coefficient and their temperature dependences and the thermoelectric power are also measured. Their behaviours are those of typical semiconductors. Hall mobility and thermoelectric power are rather large, although chalcopyrite contains transition element, Fe, in its chemical foumula. The crystal structure, the electronic states of constituent elements, magnetic and electric properties are considered together, and it is concluded that the 3d-shell in this material is independent of the valence bond which consists of sp3 bond.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Yoji Nakamura1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1888-1892
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe substructure was observed by means of the X-ray diffraction microscopy and the magnetic properties were measured at room temperature on single crystals of 4% Si-Fe alloys as produced from the melt at various growth rates. Single crystals produced at slow cooling rate consist of large subgrains with a small orientation difference and have small coercive force and large remanent magnetization, as compared with those produced at fast cooling rate. Such a dependence of magnetic properties upon the substructure is discussed in terms of the nature of sub-boundaries.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Hiroshi Fujita, Zenji Nishiyama1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1893-1909
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe dislocation image has a line or dotted feature, which depends essentially upon the reflecting condition. This dependency has been clarified by the dark field image method and also by the method of small variation of the incident angle of electron beam, as follows:-
Line images of dislocations: 1) Generally the contrast of dislocation image near an extinction contour is mainly due to the reflection of the same index as that of the contour. 2) The dislocation image usually appears as a single line, sometimes as a double image, when it is due to one reflection. 3) On the contrary, sometimes the image looks like a single line even when it is due to multiple reflections. 4) The image having black contrast is generally accompanied by white side-lines, and when the latter predominates, the image is observed as a white dislocation image. 5) Near the intersection of dislocations of two families, there are found some variations in the image features, which may be not only due to the interaction between strain fields of the intersecting dislocations, but also due to the systematic interaction of the reflections.
Dotted images of dislocations: 1) Each dot in the dotted images is frequently composed of the white and the black regions lying side by side and distributed alternately along the dislocation line. 2) The zig-zag image is considered as a special feature of the dotted image, which is occasionally produced by two reflections. 3) Complex features of the dotted images, for instance, the image interposed between two black lines, are due to multiple reflections.
Finally, it is shown that the foil is bent by the dislocation for relief of the dislocation stress, and that some of the image features may be affected by this phenomenon because of variation of the reflecting condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (11200K) -
Seiichiro Noguchi1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1909-1912
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe thermoelectric power of the gamma-phase alloys in the copper-zinc system has been measured at room temperature relative to pure copper. The thermoelectric power is found to be a smooth function of composition except in the range between 64.4 and 65.4 at.% Zn where there is a discontinuous change.
Analysis based on a band-approximation suggests that such a discontinuity can be attributed to the extinction of a band of electron holes or the initiation of a band of overlap electrons. However, there is a practical difficulty in distinguishing between the two processes, since the discontinuity occurs in the same and negative direction in either case. This difficulty was overcome with recourse to extra information concerning the Brillouin zone of the gamma-phase, and the discontinuity was interpreted in terms of the electron overlap across the {411} plane.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
Minoru Takahashi, Denjiro Watanabe, Tetsuzo Sasagawa, Tatsuo K\={o}no, ...1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1913-1923
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe induced magnetic anisotropy of iron films formed on silica substrates by evaporation in a magnetic field was measured by torque magnetometer. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The axis of easy magnetization does not coincide with the direction of magnetic field, Hd, applied during evaporation and the direction of this axis is considerably changed from specimen to specimen. (2) The uniaxial anisotropy constant, Ku, does not depend on Hd. (3) It is difficult to get Ku as a function of the film thickness. (4) Ku decreases with increasing substrate temperature and begins to increase again at about 300°C. (5) Ku tends to vanish after a prolonged magnetic annealing. (6) Estimated values of the rotational hysteresis integral range between 1.3 and 2.4 or all films examined.
In order to investigate the origin of the uniaxial anisotropy, several actors are discussed. The directional ordering of imperfections may be probable. It may be necessary, however, to consider the minute structure of evaporated films discussing the origin in question.View full abstractDownload PDF (1284K) -
Toshihumi Asakawa1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1923-1933
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSHeat treatment centers introduced in silicon were observed by measuring a minority carrier lifetime. Immediately after quenching, a donor-like level at 0.34 eV from the valence band was observed. This level was transformed into several kinds of recombination levels during the annealing process at room temperature, one of which was located at a distance larger than 0.45±0.05 eV from the band edges. Other transformed centers having a small activation energy could not be explained by Shockley-Read formula. These observed properties have a good correspondence with those of iron, so that, it is reasonable to consider that thermally introduced center is iron, and that iron acts as a recombination center even when it is inactive to electrical conductivity. This result is consistent with previously reported properties of heat treated silicon.View full abstractDownload PDF (1408K) -
Kazuyoshi Hirakawa, Takasu Hashimoto, Kinshiro Hirakawa1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1934-1939
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSMagnetic anisotropy of single crystals KCoF3 and KNiF3 was investigated by the torque magneto-meter in the temperature range from 78° to 300°K. In the antiferromagnetic region, torque curves of these crystals when suspended along one of the cube edges can be expressed by the formula
T=C1H2sin2θ−C2H4sin4θ,
where H is the magnetic field intensity, θ the angle of rotation of H relative to one of the cubic axes, and C’s are constants. In the case of KCoF3 the 4θ-term was not observed, while in KNiF3 the 4θ-term was rather dominant in all specimens when no external stress was applied. The amplitude of the 2θ-term is sensitive to the stress in both cases. The experimental results on KCoF3 and KNiF3 are well interpreted by taking the antiferromagnetic spin axis to be parallel to the c-axis below their Néel temperatures. The origin of the 4θ-term which was observed in KNiF3 is discussed, and it is concluded that this term arises from reversible movements of the antiferromagnetic domain walls existing in this compound.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Tsuyoshi Murao1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1940-1947
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSTheoretical expressions of electron paramagnetic resonance absorption are given for metals with two conduction bands by assuming that the Bloch type equations involving interband “cross” terms and diffusion terms are applicable. Some typical examples of the absorption curve are shown to illustrate the interband “cross” effect and the diffusion effect. A possibility to determine the diffusion constants of the 3d-electrons in transition metals is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Hideo Suzuki, Masumi Hattori, Kanetaka Ariyama1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1947-1962
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe semi-classical Boltzmann theory of Rodriguez for an isotropic metal is extended to the simplest model of a uniaxial anisotropic metal, in which the surfaces of constant energy take the form of ellipsoids of revolution about the principal axis of the crystal. The surface impedance, in the extreme anomalous skin effect region and in the presence of a constant magnetic field parallel to the metal surface, is calculated assuming the specular reflection boundary condition and including the interaction between the individual circular motion of the conduction electrons and the electric field produced by a polarization of the charge distribution in the metal. This model, although somewhat artificial, makes it possible to carry out the calculation exactly and we can see the main features of the phenomenon of cyclotron resonance in anisotropic metals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1636K) -
Shozo Shinohara1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1963-1969
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe shielding of a fixed charge of an impurity atom in a metal has been calculated self-consistently by means of the first order perturbation theory without use of Poisson’s equation. It has turned out that the displaced charge density of conduction electrons is finite at the center of the fixed charge, and that the dependence of the exchange potential upon the wave vector results in an uniformly displaced charge density in the crystal. The theory has been extended to the case of the degenerate electron gas including two static charges.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Kimio Hashimoto1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1970-1979
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe galvanomagnetic effects have been investigated in single crystal specimens of n-type Bi2Se3 at 90°K. The experimental results are shown to be reasonably consistent with the six-valley model of the band structure in which the energy minima are situated on the reflection planes. The constant energy surfaces associated with the valley are ellipsoidal and the ratios of the principal effective masses are m2⁄m1=0.33 and m3⁄m1=4.2. The ellipsoids are stretched in a direction nearly parallel to the three-fold axis of the crystal. The measured values of the Hall coefficient and thermo-electric power are nearly isotropic.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Naozo Watanabe1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1979-1988
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA method to measure Hall mobility at microwave frequencies using a double mode cavity is presented. Hall mobility measured by this method corresponds to μH=(1⁄B)·|σ1|⁄Re (σ0), where σ0 and σ1 are a diagonal and an off-diagonal components of conductivity matrix, and it is expected to be frequency independent if a constant relaxation time is assumed. Frequency dependence is expected when the energy dependent relaxation time is assumed. For n-type germanium, Hall mobility measured by this method at 24 Gc is in excellent agreement with that predicted from the theory using d.c. value and assuming acoustical mode scattering, between room temperature and 100°K. For p-type germanium, the same consideration explains the essential part of the difference between experimental values at 24 Gc and d.c., though there remains some discrepancies to be clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
Shunji Shirai, Yoshiichi Fukuda, Masayoshi Nomura1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1989-1994
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSSome f. c. c. meas—Ni, Cu, Pd, Al, Au, Ag and Pb—were evaporated in vacuo on to oriented Ag, Pd and Ni films and the structure of the films was studied by the transmission method of electron diffraction. Some films were composed of intermetallic compounds of deposit and substrate metals. But some films were composed of two layers of deposit and substrate metals. In the latter case, the deposit metals grew in the (001) or (111) oriented over growth on a substrate metal at a temperature higher than an epitaxial temperature. The occurrence of these two kinds of oriented overgrowth depended mainly on the percentage misfits.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Tetuo Ohoyama1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 1995-2002
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe constitution of Mn–Ge system within the range of composition 21.8∼35.7 at.% Ge was examined by X-ray powder diffraction, and magnetic properties of each phase were studied. The existence of four phases—high- and low-temperature phases at about 22∼23.5 at.% Ge (ε, ε1), a high temperature phase around 28 at.% Ge (ζ), and a low-temperature phase at 28.6 at.% Ge (κ)—was established. The κ phase is ferrimagnetic below the Curie point 710°K, and the spontaneous magnetization is reversed at 395°K (N type). The other phases exhibit quite anomalous magnetism. The Debye diagram for ζ phase could be indexed assuming a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters a=7.186Å and c=13.08Å.View full abstractDownload PDF (1184K) -
Kyuichiro Tanaka1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2003-2016
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe deformation caused to the surface of polymers by hard hemispheres of different radii was observed and the friction between the hemisphere and the plate was measured. The deformation produced was deduced from Newton’s rings and grooved track. Hertz’s equation was found to give the size of the contact circle. Wave-like deformation was observed near the contact region. When a tangential force is applied, the deformation increased on one side of the contact region and decreased on the other side. Two types of sliding contact were observed. One was attributed to the retarded elasticity and the other to the frictional heating. From the former, the retardation time was obtained. The production of grooved tracks was attributed to the non-recoverable deformation. The deformation was discussed in connection with the friction and the wave-like deformation of polymer surface was suggested as the source of frictional resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2748K) -
Toshiharu Tako1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2016-2032
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe line shape, line width and other properties of self-absorbed line are discussed by introducing several models on the spatial distributions of the emitting and absorbing atoms. The simple models in which the emitting atoms decrease linearly from the center to the outside proves to be sufficient to explain the general views on the self-absorption. The shapes of the visible triplet lines emitted by Hg198 and Cd114 lamps are observed without being disturbed by hyperfine structure of isotopes using a direct recording Fabry-Perot interferometer. From these observations, the effect of self-absorption of these lines is made clear and is shown to agree well with the results theoretically obtained. Moreover it is found that Hg198 and Cd114 lamps can be approximately represented by the model in which the emitting atoms decrease linearly from the maximum at the center to zero at the wall. The values of absorption parameter evaluated are able to be explained consistently, taking the population and decay time of the triplet states and their quenching due to collisions with carrier gas and electrons into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (2168K) -
Kazuko Kojima, Noriko Nishimaki, Tadanobu Kojima1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2033-2044
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn additively colored KCl crystals containing sodium, irradiation in the F-band causes its complete conversion in two absorption bands which are termed A1 and A2. By investigating their thermal, photochemical, and dichroic properties, these two bands are found to arise from a common species of centers called A-centers, and are identified with Petroff’s A- and B-bands which have been found in nominally pure specimens. From the analysis of dichroic spectra, peak energy and half-width are determined for each band at several temperatures. The observed oscillator strength is 0.90 for the A1-band and 0.81 for the A2-band. The A-centers are destroyed thermally with an activation energy 0.43 eV. A model is proposed for the A-center that it consists of an F-center having a sodium ion as a nearest neighbor to the vacancy. A calculation of energy levels by the method of molecular orbitals is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (1648K) -
Kenji Yamaji1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2045-2055
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe crystals growing from aqueous solutions of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) were photographed with ordinary and movie (16 mm) cameras through a microscope.
The sample was cooled by the use of liquid oxygen (or nitrogen). The temperatures measured by thermocouples were recorded automatically.
Crystal forms were classified into two main groups, i. e., hexagonal crystal and cubic crystal. To the former belong hexagonal fernlike crystals, “soft” hexagonal plates, and “soft” spherical crystals, and to the latter cubic crystals that appear only in ethanol, n-propanol, and iso-propanol solutions.
Among the cubic crystals, only the one appearing in iso-propanol solution was found to show double refraction at temperatures below −51°∼−52°C. Phase transition does occur in the crystal. The crystal systems below and above the transition temperature are most probably tetragonal and cubic, respectively, as inferred from the analogy of similar phase transition in metals and other substances.
The results of centrifugal precipitation and the similarity in crystal form to snow indicate that the constituent of hexagonal crystals may well be assumed as ice.
What the cubic crystal consists of remains as yet unknown, though the fact that various concentrations and cooling speeds always lead to phase transition at the same temperature gives a positive proof of the definite proportion of constituents (alcohol and water). The growing speed of cubic crystals is much faster than that of hexagonal crystals, which also seems to suggest that the constituents of cubic crystal are the associated molecules of water and alcohol.View full abstractDownload PDF (4232K) -
Jiro Oishi1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2056-2060
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA gas thermometer with constant bulb temperature has been devised to renew determination of Kelvin temperature of the gold point. For the thermometer gas to be of a definite volume, the gas is isolated from the manometer by mercury seal in a capillary U-tube with which device the gas pressure is obtained indirectly by applying due correction to the pressure read on the manometer when the isolation is deleted by lowering the sealing mercury to the bottom of the capillary U-tube. Description of the apparatus and measuring principle are given. This method of determining the gas pressure is applicable to gas thermometer of any other type.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Kazutoshi Ukei, Eizo Kanda1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2061
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Noboru Nishida1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2062
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Kanji Kubota, Kazuo Hayashi1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2063
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Seiji Usami, Nahonori Miyata, Zenya Funatogawa1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2064
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Shizuko Ogawa, Setsu Morimoto1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2065-2066
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Takashi Sambongi, Tadayasu Mitui1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2066
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Masakatsu Tokunaga, Katsufusa Shono1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2067-2068
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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R. Braunstein, A. R. Moore, F. Herman1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2068
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Sh\={u}ji Fukui, Satio Hayakawa, Ryoichi Kajikawa, Ken Kikuchi1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2069-2070
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Kenzo Tanaka, Michihiko Mannami, Kunihide Izumi, Hiroko Niwa1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2070
Published: October 05, 1961
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Koji Okano, Osamu Nakada1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2071-2072
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Masako Iwata, Takao Iwata, Mikio Yamamoto1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2072-2073
Published: October 05, 1961
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Yoshio Inuishi, Yung-Kwun Sung1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2074-2075
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Isaaki Yokota1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2075
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
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Hiroshi Ohkura, Kazuo Murase1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2076-2077
Published: October 05, 1961
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Kazuo Kamigaki, Tokutaro Hirone1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2077-2078
Published: October 05, 1961
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Sh\={u} Chiba1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2078A
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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Zir\={o} Hasimoto, Shigeki Morioka1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2078B
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSp. 1617, Eq. (4). The equation of continuity should be written in the form
ρ,αuα+ρuσ,σ=0
p. 1622, Fig. 6. The scales 2, 3, 4 on the axis of abscissa should be read 1.5, 2, 2.5, respectively.
p. 1622, Fig. 7. M should be read M1View full abstractDownload PDF (20K) -
Kazutake Kohra, Hiroshi Watanabe1961 Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2078C
Published: October 05, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
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