Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

The Lateral Distribution of Various Components in Extensive Air Showers at Sea Level

Goro Fujioka

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 245-249
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.245

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The lateral distribution of electrons, μ-mesons, and N-components are observed at sea level up to 50 m from the core. The distribution of electrons is consistent with that calculated on the basis of cascade theory. The distribution of μ-mesons is flatter than that of electrons and is represented as r^−0.7. The distribution of N-components is similar to that of electrons. The number of μ-mesons is equal to that of N-components at several meters from the core.

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Virial Coefficients and Intermolecular Potential of Helium

Taro Kihara, Yukio Midzuno, Toshio Shizume

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 249-255
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.249

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The intermolecular potential of helium has been determined from an analysis of the second and the third virial coefficients above the Boyle temperature, where the virial coefficients can be expanded into power series on h², the square of Planck’s constant. The series have been calculated up to the term proportional to the third power of h² in case of the second virial coefficient and up to the term proportional to the first power of h² in case of the third virial coefficient. The following conclusion has been drawn. The two-body system of He⁴ atoms has a discrete energy level while the two-body system of He³ atoms has no discrete level.

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A Theory on Image Formation of Electron Microscope

Ryozi Uyeda

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 256-264
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.256

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This article is presented to give a consistent basis to all theories of image formation of electron microscope. The author’s idea is to build up an image of a specimen from images of atoms which make up the specimen. The result obtained by developing this idea indicates that an actual image is composed of two ideal images, one of which shows phase contrast and the other constrast due to scattering absorption. By applying this result, bright and dark field images are explained. Not only images of amorphous specimens but those of crystalline specimens are treated.

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On the Piezoelectric Lines at Sub-microwave Frequencies

Shoji Kojima, Kineo Tsukada, Shizuko Ogawa, Akira Shimauchi, Norio Mat ...

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 265-269
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.265

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Piezoelectric absorption lines which had been found in the experiment of nuclear quadrupole resonance were studied in the frequency range between 3 Mc and 700 Mc. These lines were observed not only in powder, but also in single crystals. The present experiment showed that they were neither due to resonant vibrations of individual crystals in powder nor due to harmonics of the natural vibration of a single crystal. The absorption was dependent on imperfection of crystal and related to very narrow region in a crystal. The following mechanism was suggested: There are regions where the velocity of the elastic wave is smaller than the outside. Then vibrations are confined within the region because of total reflection at the boundary.

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Adsorption and Surface Potential of Semi-conductors. Part 1.

Photo-enhanced Adsorption of Oxygen and Change of Contact Potential of ZnS Phosphors with Illumination

Akio Kobayashi, Shinji Kawaji

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 270-273
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.270

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When ZnS phosphor containing 10⁻² Mol% of Cu was irradiated in oxygen gas by light with wavelengths lying within the characteristic absorption band of the host crystal, photo-enhanced adsorption and increase of the surface potential (decrease of the work function) of the crystal were observed. If we assume that the lowering of the potential energy of adsorption of oxygen is equal to the increased amount of surface potential, the photo-enhanced adsorption can be explained semi-quantitatively. The change of the surface potential of ZnS with illumination, (Δc.p.)_L, increased with pressures of oxygen and decreased with temperature.

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On Extraordinary Phenomena in a Non-linear Forced Oscillation

Akira Sakurai

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 274-278
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.274

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The non-linear forced oscillation represented by \ddotx−dF(x)⁄dx=pcosωt is discussed. Transforming this equation to the variational form, the Ritz method is applied to obtain the solution in the form of Fourier series. Concerning this solution, extraordinary points of two different kinds are distinguished. This method is applied to find the jumping voltage of a circuit containing iron reactor, and result obtained is in good agreement with Katano’s experiment.

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The Transformation Equations between One- and n-Dimensional Spectra in the n-Dimensional Isotropic Vector or Scalar Fluctuation Field

Hiroshi Tsuji

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 278-285
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.278

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The transformation equations between one- and n-dimensional spectra in the n-dimensional isotropic vector or scalar fluctuation field are derived, the well-known equations for three-dimensional fluctuation field being included as a special case. It is found that the transformation equation for n-dimensional vector fluctuation is of the same form as that for (n+2)-dimensional scalar fluctuation except for the constant coefficient. The spectrum equations for n-dimensional isotropic turbulence and for n-dimensional isotropic temperature fluctuations in the n-dimensional isotropic turbulence are also derived. It is shown that the spectrum equations for any n-dimensional isotropic fluctuations have the same form.

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Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by Circular Plate and Circular Hole

Yûkichi Nomura, Shigetoshi Katsura

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 285-304
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.285

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Rigorous solutions are presented of the problems of diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by an infinitely thin, perfectly conducting, circular disk and by a circular hole in a plane conducting screen. The unique solution satisfying the edge condition is obtained from the two component Hertz vector, by the method of expansion in the hypergeometric polynomial. Total scattering cross section, the transmission coefficient, electric current on the disk, electric field in the hole, and electric field at the distant place are shown in the figure as a function of ka=2πa⁄λ.

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Der Zündmechanismus im Dieselmotor (II)

Von Kunio Terao

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 304-312
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.304

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Following the previous report, many experimental results of the ignition in the Diesel-engine under various different conditions are obtained, and the idea of the ignition mechanism, which was proposed in the previous paper, is thoroughly discussed by the analysis of these results. The number of ignition point in the combustion-chamber is presumed by the ignition probability in unit time and an explained is given that this number is generally very few. As the special case, it is ascertained that at the Diesel-knock there is only one ignition point, from which the flame propagates very rapidly.

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Note on the Shift of Band Edge of Germanium with Temperature

Masao Tomura, Eizo Otsuka

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 313-314
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.313

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On the Threshold of the Exciton Band in BaO

Masayoshi Sakamoto

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 314A
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.314A

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Confirmation of the Existence of a Helium Double-Molecule

Taro Kihara, Shobu Kaneko

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 314B-315
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.314B

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The Metabolic Turnover and the Maintenance of the Low Entropy Level

Motoyosi Sugita

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 316-317
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.316

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The Ionization Potentials of Some Conjugated Molecules

I. Omura, H. Baba, K. Higasi

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 317-318
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.317

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X-Ray Studies on Long Chain Compounds Solidified under an Alternating Electric Field

Mitsuo Ida

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 318-319
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.318

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Isotope Shift in Cd II λ 4415

Kiyoshi Murakawa

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 319-320
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.319

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Range-Energy Relation of Triton in the Nuclear Emulsion up to 10 Mev

Mitsuo Miwa, Katsumi Kuriyama

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 320-321
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.320

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Energy Analysis of Electron Diffraction Patterns

Hiroshi Watanabe

1955Volume 10Issue 4 Pages 321-323
Published: April 05, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.321

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