Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 11, Issue 8
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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  • A Calculation of Physical Constants of Ceramic Barium Titanate
    Masakazu Marutake
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 807-814
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.807
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    The dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic constants of polycrystalline ceramics at room temperature are calculated by averaging those values of single crystals on the assumption that the ceramic is composed of spherical crystallites. The calculated values are in good agreement with observed ones, showing that the piezoelectric effects in each single crystal (especially d15 at room temp.) play a great part in determining the properties of the ceramic.
    Also the method is shown for calculating elastic constants of polycrystals which consist of spherical crystallites in all directions, with the calculated values of metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe etc.) in the cubic system.
    The “destressing factor”, which gives the relations between the internal stress of the sphere and the stress in the surrounding medium, is defined and calculated.
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  • Elastic Constants of Porous Materials, Especially of BaTiO3 Ceramics
    Masakazu Marutake, Takuro Ikeda
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 814-818
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.814
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    The effective elastic constants of porous materials are calculated on the assumption that spherical pores are dispersed uniformly, and are compared with observed values of BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at different temperatures. The agreement of the calculations with the experiments is not very good, and the form factors of pores are discussed.
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  • Irreversible Production of Entropy and the Absorption of Sound
    Otohiko Nomoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 818-826
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.818
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    Molecular absorption of sound was ascribed to the irreversible production of entropy due to the heat conduction under finite temperature difference between the external and the internal degrees of freedoms of the molecules. Absorption formula was obtained in this manner and was found to be in agreement with the known formulas obtained by other methods.
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  • Theory of the Ultrasonic Absorption in Aqueous Solutions (I) Introduction and General Theory
    Otohiko Nomoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 827-840
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.827
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    The origin of the anomalous ultrasonic absorption in aqueous solutions has been attributed to the rearrangement process between the associated and the single molecules of water and the solute molecules accompanying the acoustic cycle. The excess pressure of sound wave changes the existence ratio between the associated and the single molecules of water and gives rise to the molecular rearrangement. This process accompanies a change in configurational entropy, the entropy increasing in the compressed volume element. This entropy increase is approximately reversible, becoming perfectly reversible in the quasi-stationary limit. This reversible increase ΔS in entropy, however, requires a heat quantity TΔS (T=absolute temperature), which must be supplied by the volume element itself. Thus the specific heat apparently increases by an amount Cm, which corresponds to the specific heat of the internal degrees of freedom of the molecules by the molecular absorption of sound. The main part of ΔS is due to the diffusion of the solute molecules into the groups of single water molecules formed by the collapse of the associated molecules of water under excess pressure, the relaxation time of this diffusion corresponding to the relaxation time of the internal energy in the molecular absorption of sound. General formula of the anomalous ultrasonic absorption in aqueous solutions has been obtained along these lines and under appropriate assumptions.
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  • Magnetoresistance Effect of Lead Sulphide Group of Semiconductors I. Measurements on Natural Specimens of Lead Sulphide
    Taizo Irie
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 840-846
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.840
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    The magnetoresistance effect of lead sulphide was measured on natural specimens at various angles between the direction of the electric field and the magnetic field. The results were quantitatively consistent with the existing phenomenological theory. The magnetoresistance constants for weak magnetic field, introduced by Seitz, were determined. Some discussions are given in the light of the electronic theory based on the approximation of spheroidal energy surface. The magnetoresistance mobility and the Hall mobility agree to the order of magnitudes and also shows similar temperature dependency.
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  • Phase Diagram of Iron-Cobalt-Oxygen System. (I) Experimental Study
    Sh\={u}ichi Iida
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 846-854
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.846
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    Phase diagram of iron-cobalt-oxygen has been established experimentally in certain temperature, pressure, and composition ranges (900°C∼1400°C, 10−4∼760 mm Hg, Fe1−xCox∼Oxygen, 0≤x≤1⁄3). In these ragges, when the temperature and the mixing ratio of metallic elements are fixed, it has been found that spinel phase is stable below a certain critical pressure of oxygen. Above this pressure, precipitates of hematite are formed in the spinel matrix, resulting in an abrupt increase of the total oxygen content in the solid phases. The phase boundary was determined by observing the change of the oxygen pressure in a sealed tube, which resulted from the oxidation or reduction of the specimen. Results of several measurements of specific heat on heating from 100°C to 750°C, the variations in oxygen content during heat-treatment, and the change of lattice constants at room temperature with heat-treatment, are presented. Curves of lattice constants vs composition of metallic constituents have a minimum at compositions intermediate between magnetite and cobalt ferrite. It has been concluded that the diffusion rate of ions in these oxides varies exponentially in passing through the temperature range around 300°C. No result has been obtained which are favourable for the existence of structural change in the temperature range from 200°C to 400°C (effective range for magnetic anneal), for all these ferrites.
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  • Change of Magnetic Susceptibility of Transition Metals and Alloys at their Melting Points
    Yasuaki Nakagawa
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 855-863
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.855
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    The magnetic susceptibility of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and their alloys has been measured through their melting points up to 1600°C. In general, the susceptibility of transition metals shows a decrease or an increase on melting, depending on whether the interatomic interactions favour parallel alignment of atomic magnetic moments or not, indicating that the interactions are always weaker in liquid than in solid. Although some Fe alloys of face-centred cubic lattice form exceptions to the above simple rule, they are also explained on the basis of the Bethe-Slater exchange interaction curve together with the volume increase on melting.
    It is to be noted that a remarkable supercooling of liquid, often exceeding one hundred degrees, has been observed during the course of these susceptibility measurements.
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  • On the Absorption Spectra of Complex Ions, III The Calculation of the Crystalline Field Strength
    Yukito Tanabe, Satoru Sugano
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 864-877
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.864
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    A molecular calculation of the crystalline field parameter Dq in chrome alum has been carried out on the basis of the generalized crystalline field model suggested in the previous papers I and II (Journ. Phys. Soc. Japan. 9 (1954) 753, 766). The deformation of the electron cloud of Cr3+ is taken into consideration by making the 3d orbital of Cr3+ orthogonal to ligand orbitals.
    The result shows that Kleiner’s value of Dq with a wrong sign is corrected. This improvement is due to the large resonance energy between the 3d orbitals of the central ion and the ligand orbitals, which appears only in the molecular treatment. However, the model Cr3+–6H2O cannot explain the observed change in the values of the spin orbit coupling constant λ and the B-value. A possible way to get over this difficulty is considered.
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  • On the Hypersonic Viscous Flow Past Slender Bodies of Revolution
    Michiru Yasuhara
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 878-886
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.878
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    A similar solution of the hypersonic viscous flow past slender bodies of revolution is deduced for a special case when the radial coordinate of the body surface at section x is proportional to x3⁄4, where the radial coordinote have the comparable order value with the thickness of the boundary layer. Here, “similar” is used in the direct meaning that distributions in the boundary layer keep the similar form lengthwise. Calculations are accomplished for the region of strong interaction between the boundary layer and the shock wave. From several calculations it may be expected that if the thickness of the body becomes small, the thickness of the layer in which the longitudinal velocity component u is rapidly decreased also becomes small, and in the major part of the boundary layer, only the normal component v is increased. Further if the thickness of the body is increased, then, the height of the shock wave, the pressure on the wall, and the shear stress at the wall are also increased while the boundary layer thickness is decreased. The nose region is excluded by the reason that the ordinary boundary layer theory will be invalid there.
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  • Temperature Dependence of Velocity and Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves in High Polymers
    Yasaku Wada, Keiji Yamamoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 887-892
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.887
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    Measurements of velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves are carried out for polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, phenol resin, polyethylene, nylon 6 and other commercial resins in the temperature from −60°C to 90°C and at frequencies of 100 kc, 1.46 Mc, 4.38 Mc and 7.30 Mc. A correlation between sound velocity in the megacycle range and density is pointed out for glassy polymers. In the case of linear polymers, the temperature coefficient of ultrasonic velocity, β, exhibits a relatively abrupt change in the glass trasition region at the temperature Tm, which is independent of frequency of sound agrees with the transition point associated with thermal expansion. The ratio of β to volume expansion coefficient α is found to be constant below and above Tm for each polymer. These facts indicate that the change in β at Tm should be ascribed to the temperature dependence of intermolecular free volume. For some polymers a change in β and a peak of loss factor are observed at lower temperatures.
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  • Recovery Process in the Evaporated Metal Films
    Y. Mizushima, O. Ochi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 893-894
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.893
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  • Galvanomagnetic Effects of a Heavily Doped Germanium Crystal
    Wataru Sasaki, Yasuo Kanai
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 894-895
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.894
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  • Influence of Magnetic Field on the Precipitation Process of Ferromagnetic Phase in Cu–Fe Alloy (I)
    Tadayasu Mitui
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 895-896
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.895
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  • Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption in Copper Hexapyridine Nitrate
    Hidetaro Abe, Mieko Ohtsuka
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 896
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.896
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  • Interaction of Dislocations with Atomic Order in Solid Solution
    Kôji Sumino, Mikio Yamamoto
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 897
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.897
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  • Some Experiments on the Germanium Surface Layer
    Makoto Kikuchi
    1956 Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 898
    Published: August 05, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.11.898
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