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L. Blum
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1093-1095
Published: July 05, 1964
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The evolution equation for a particle in a homogeneous fluid is generalized to the case of many particles. The correct limiting expressions are obtained for the case of one particle and of random a priori phases.
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Tetsuo Maruyama, Yasuhiko Matsuda
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1096-1104
Published: July 05, 1964
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The color center behaviors in γ-irradiated ruby were studied. The additive absorption spectra due to γ-irradiation are superposition of four bands each peak of which was found to be 220, 280, 370 and 460 mμ. From the observation of formation and annealing processes of these color centers, it is concluded that in aluminum oxide the additional lattice defect can not be created by γ-irradiation and the nominal amount of impurity will determine the color center concentration. The origins of four absorption bands are also discussed and the presence of Cr
2+ ions are suggested to be probable.
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Kazuko Kubo, Yoshikazu Hamaguchi, Haruhiko Motohashi
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1105-1109
Published: July 05, 1964
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The reflection intensity of x-rays was measured as a function of the distance from the irradiated outer surface to the measured location in a neutron irradiated LiF crystal; the distance was converted to thermal neutron dose. The measurements showed that the reflection intensity monotonically increased with increasing neutron dose. Rocking curves were obtained for LiF specimens, taking the irradiation conditions as parameters. The curves showed that the rocking curve broadened as irradiation proceeded, indicating that the coherent domain bocame small when neutron irradiated unless the recovery of crystalline defects actively worked.
From the above results, the extinction coefficient of LiF crystal for x-rays is concluded to decrease with neutron irradiation. The decrease of extinction is suggested to be caused by the complex color centers consisting of a cluster of defects. The clustered defects and small dislocation loops, both of which are introduced by heavy neutron irradiation, also work to make the coherent domain in LiF crystals smaller.
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Koichi Sugiyama
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1109-1115
Published: July 05, 1964
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Piezoresistance at large uniaxial compression along [001] has been measured in impurity conduction region of In-doped germanium with nearly constant compensation ratios. Resistivity has been extrapolated to large stress limit, and the impurity separation dependence of resistivity under no stress and under large stress limit has been obtained. From this result the effective Bohr radius of acceptor ground-state wave function of the unstressed state has been estimated and compared with a value derived from a simple theory.
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Nobuo Saito, Hideo Fujiwara, Yutaka Sugita
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1116-1125
Published: July 05, 1964
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Ni-rich Ni-Fe and Ni evaporated polycrystalline films, the thickness of which is larger than a critical value, were found to be composed of stripe domains running parallel to the field previously applied to the films. B-H loops and magnetoresistance effect revealed that the magnetization in each domain points in one sense and deflects from the plane of the film upwards and downwards alternately. This type of domain structure is to be caused by the anisotropy whose easy axis is normal to the plane of the film, the origin of which is attributed to the magnetostrictive effect due to strains or defects in the film. The width of the domain increases with the thickness of the film, but does not depend sensitively on substrate temperatures and compositions. The critical thickness increases with an elevation of substrate temperatures and with decreasing Ni concentration. The stripe domain is no longer observable for the film containing Ni less than 80% where the magnetostriction constant is positive. The relation to the rotatable anisotropy is also discussed.
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Minoru Toda
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1126-1130
Published: July 05, 1964
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Microwave propagation at 24 Gc was observed in a waveguide filled by InSb containing an electron-ion plasma at 77°K. A transverse magnetic field in excess of 5 KOe was used, and the transmission increased exponentially with increasing magnetic field intensiy. The transmission showed a sharp angular dependence on the field direction and a strong nonreciprocal character which may be of use in millimeter or submillimeter wave devices. Measurements of the phase shift in the InSb showed that the wave is transmitted only along the side of the waveguide determined by the magnetic field and power flow directions, and that the wave length increases with increasing magnetic field.
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Ryogo Hirota
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1130-1134
Published: July 05, 1964
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Electromagnetic wave propagation through a surface plated
n(or
p)-type semiconductor in a transverse magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Two types of waves exist. One is a TE-wave which has a strong spatial asymmetry dependent on both the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field. The other wave has a longitudinal component of the electric field and reduces, in the low frequency limit, to a helicon wave standing in the direction of the magnetic field and traveling in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental results of Toda.
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Masao Shimizu, Atsushi Katsuki
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1135-1141
Published: July 05, 1964
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Using the density of states curve of Pt metal determined from the low temperature specific heat measurements for Pt-Au and Pt-Ir alloys, the electronic specific heat and the spin paramagnetic susceptibility of Pt metal are calculated for a temperature range from 0°K to 2000°K. The calculated result for the electronic specific heat explains the experimental result that
CE<γ(0)
T at higher temperatures. By comparing the calculated result of the spin paramagnetic susceptibility with the experimental data, the values of the molecular field coefficient, α, and the orbital paramagnetic susceptibility, χ
orb. are estimated as α=0.64∼0.74×10
4 mole/emu and χ
orb.=0.13∼0.48×10
−4 emu/mole for Pt metal. Similar calculations are performed for Pt-Au and Pt-Ir alloys.
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Shigeo Shionoya, Yusaku Tamoto
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1142-1149
Published: July 05, 1964
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Single crystals of ZnIn
2S
4 and ZnIn
2S
4:Cu were grown by the method of the chemical transport reactions. The space group for the crystal structure was determined to be the rhombohedral
C3vb(
R3
m) group. It was found that both ZnIn
2S
4 and ZnIn
2S
4:Cu crystals show fairly bright red luminescence. The characteristics of the luminescence and photoconductivity were measured in detail. The origin of the luminescence centers was discussed with the assistance of knowledge on ZnS type phosphors. The center for the red luminescence in ZnIn
2S
4:Cu may be the same type of center as that for the copper-green luminescence in ZnS, the luminescence transition being, therefore, probably that of free electron to the acceptorlike level of copper at zinc site. As for the red luminescence in the undoped crystal, it is suggested that the crystal involves two kinds of centers, i.e. the red luminescence center due to copper contained as impurity and the self-activated center due to iodine, which has been used as transporter, acting as coactivator.
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Shigeo Shionoya, Atsuko Ebina
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1150-1156
Published: July 05, 1964
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The fundamental optical properties, i.e. refractive index, fundamental absorption, and infrared lattice absorption, were investigated for ZnIn
2S
4 single crystals grown by the method of the chemical transport reactions. The refractive indexes, measured by means of interference method, are 2.20 and 2.50 at 10 μ and 480 mμ, respectively. The coefficient of fundamental absorption up to 1×10
4 cm
−1 in the range of 2.3∼2.9 eV varies as an exponential function of photon energy with the slope independent of temperature. This behavior may be explained to be caused by the influence of the dipolar field associated with defect. For the region of the order of 10
4 cm
−1 the direct allowed band-to-band transition was assumed to be responsible, the band gap calculated being 2.86 and 2.99 eV at room temperature and 91°K, respectively. The peak of the absorption due to copper dopant is 2.54 eV at 91°K. Infrared absorption for powder samples in the range of 20∼100 μ shows two strong peaks at 33.0 and 46.6 μ, the former probably corresponding to Zn—S stretching while the latter to In (tetragonal)—S stretching.
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Shigeo Shionoya, Takao Koda, Koh Era, Hiroko Fujiwara
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1157-1167
Published: July 05, 1964
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With the purpose to elucidate the nature of luminescence transitions in ZnS crystals, emission spectra from typical luminescence centers, “Green-Cu”, “Blue-Cu”, Self-Activated, “Red-Cu” and “Red-Cu, In” centers, were measured at various temperatures. The results show that these luminescences can be divided into two growps, A and B, the former including “G-Cu” and “B-Cu”, while the latter SA, “R-Cu” and “R-Cu, In”. In B group, emission peaks shift towards higher energies with increase in temperature from 4°K accompanied by the remarkable increase of half-widths, while in A group emission peaks shift towards lower energies, half-widths increasing only slightly. These characteristics in B group were accounted for from the theoretical viewpoint based on the configurational coordinate model, indicating that the transition responsible for the luminescences takes place between two localized levels. As for A group it may be concluded that the transition is that of free electron or hole to localized level. Taking the other luminescence properties into consideration, the types of the transitions as well as the nature of the relevant levels were discussed.
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Takashi Tonegawa
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1168-1177
Published: July 05, 1964
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The forced magnetostriction and anomalous thermal expansion of the single crystal of gadolinium are theoretically investigated by calculating the strain dependence of the indirect exchange interaction
via the conduction electrons. The calculations are based on Yosida and Watabe’s theory. However, if the conduction electrons are assumed to be free electrons giving rise to a spherical Fermi surface, the calculations do not well account for the observed large anisotropy of these quantities. An improvement of the calculation is presented, which takes into account a possible asphericity of the Fermi surface and whih can account for the observation.
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Yoji Nakamura, Masayuki Shiga, Naomoto Shikazono
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1177-1181
Published: July 05, 1964
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By means of the Mössbauer effect internal magnetic fields at iron atom in invar-type iron-nickel alloys were measured using fine powdered samples in which the γ→α martensitic transformation can be suppressed. The absorption spectra of 30 and 32% iron-nickel alloys have a marked feature that a paramagnetic absorption line coexists with normal ferromagnetic ones even at liquid nitrogen temperature which is well below the Curie temperature. The internal magnetic field was found to be nearly constant at 330 kOe over the composition range and the sharp decrease of saturation magnetization of alloys around the composition can semiquantitatively be explained when both of intensities of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic lines are taken into consideration.
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Hiroshi Yasuoka
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1182-1189
Published: July 05, 1964
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The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of Mn
55 in ferrimagnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe
2O
4) was studied by using a pulsed NMR method. A pulsed NMR apparatus operating in the UHF range was constructed, as described in detail. The signal was observed in the temperature range from 90°K to 450°K and in the external field up to 14000 Oe. The observed temperature dependence of the resonance frequency was proportional to
T3⁄2 in the lower temperature range and the resonance frequency extrapolated to 0°K was 594Mc/sec, corresponding to the value of 563 KOe of hyperfine field. The nuclei involed have been identified as associated with Mn
2+ ions located on the tetrahedral site in the spinel lattice from the external field dependence of resonance frequency. In the frequency range between 450 and 620 Mc/sec, other signals (e. g. those associated with Mn
2+ or Mn
3+ on the octahedral site) were not observed at room temperature. The dynamical characters of the spin echo signal (enhacement and relaxation) were also studied.
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Kohzoh Masuda, Jiro Yamaguchi
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1190-1193
Published: July 05, 1964
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The electric conductivity and electron spin resonance of α, α′-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dissolved in benzene are studied and a hopping conduction by exchange of unpaired electrons is proposed for the conduction mechanism. Moreover, the theoretical calculation shows a good agreement with the experimental results.
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Tadao Horie, Takashi Kasuga
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1194-1201
Published: July 05, 1964
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It has previously been shown by experiments with a crossed-beam technique that the rotational energy distribution of OH
*(
2Σ+) split from H
2O
2 is remarkably different from that of the same radical from H
2O. A theoretical distribution curve similar to the experimental one for OH
* from water has recently been derived by the present authors from a statistical model including the law of angular momentum conservation.
In this paper, the above-mentioned theory is proved to be self-consistent by applying it to OH
* from H
2O
2. All kinds of angular momenta are taken into account in it without any simplification. The effect of the angular momentum initially possessed by the parent molecule is also discussed in detail. The theoretical curve obtained for H
2O
2 gradually rises almost linearly at the lower rotational quantum numbers, in contrast to that calculated for H
2O, which ascends steeply up to a plateau. These different characteristic features fit well the respective experimental plots.
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Naobumi Honda
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1201-1206
Published: July 05, 1964
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Exact quantum mechanical calculation of collision cross sections is performed yielding results which, for h→0, reduce to those of classical calculation. Effects of particle identity are also investigated.
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Setsuo Ichimaru
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1207-1212
Published: July 05, 1964
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Dielectric response function of a non-drifted two-component plasma in the absence of a magnetic field is calculated in the framework of the macroscopic diffusion equations, and its properties are investigated. The dynamic form factor
S(
k, ω) is then evaluated, which may give a proper description of correlations in large distances and long time separations; the behavior of the poles of
S(
k, ω) in the complex ω-plane is studied and the nature of the correlations is clarified. Certain experimental connections are also discussed.
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Akira Igarashi
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1213-1221
Published: July 05, 1964
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Simultaneous Wiener-Hopf equations with the kernel which is a symmetric and normal Jacobi matrix and their application to diffraction problems in electromagnetic theory are discussed. It can be shown that there exists a constant orthogonal matrix such that it transforms the kernel into a diagonal form, so the standard Wiener-Hopf procedure can be applied to solve the
n simultaneous equations exactly. On the basis of this result, a treatment is made of the problem of a duct with
n semi-infinite parallel plates. Under appropriate conditions a rigorous solution is obtained by an elementary method without recourse to Sylvester’s theorem.
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B. L. Chotia, M. G. Bhatawdekar
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1222-1225
Published: July 05, 1964
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In order to explain Joshi Effect
i.e. photo diminution of discharge current, Prof. S. S. Joshi put forward a postulate according to which external light emits photo-electrons from an adsorption like electrode layer formed on glass walls of the discharge tube. To prove the validity of his postulate, RCA 868 tube is employed for electrodeless discharge and pronounced Joshi Effect is observed on irradiation of the photosensitive surface.
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B. R. Luthra
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1226-1231
Published: July 05, 1964
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In this paper we have investigated and tabulated all the possible forms of the outer flow velocity for which similar solutions may be obtained for the unsteady boundary layer flow of an incompressible viscous fluid. The effects of vorticity of the outer flow are not envisaged and the inviscid flow outside the boundary layer is assumed to be irrotational. Three-dimensional orthogonal curvilinear coordinates system chosen includes as special cases the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, the cylindrical coordinates, and the quasi-two-dimensional coordinates used by Hayasi. The cases for which the conditions for the existence of similar velocity boundary layers become at the same time conditions for the existence of thermal boundary layers have also been studied.
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Tomoyuki Saito
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1232-1239
Published: July 05, 1964
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The effect of small time-dependent deformation of a cylindrical cavity with perfect-conductor wall (a cavity-resonator) upon the electromagnetic field within it is studied, to the first order of approximation with respect to the order of magnitude of the deformation. It is shown that the perturbed wave is controlled by the deformation (a “mechanical mudulation”, so to speak), and that its frequency-spectrum is generally continuous, but reduces to the discrete values (the unperturbed frequency ± the frequency of the vibration) in the special case of a sinusoidal vibrational deformation, yielding a Raman-Effect-like phenomenon caused by a mechanical, but not quantum-mechanical, vibration (a “mechanical Raman effect, so to speak).
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Kazuo Morigaki
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1240
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Takao Suzuki, Hideo Takaki
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1241
Published: July 05, 1964
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Yoshimi Makino, Teruhiko Hoshina
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1242
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Kozo Komatsu
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1243
Published: July 05, 1964
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Kazuo Sato, Haruyuki Ohnishi, Hisamitsu Yoshimura
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1244-1245
Published: July 05, 1964
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Kiyoshi Kume, Tetsuo Fujita
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1245
Published: July 05, 1964
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Mineo Kobayashi, Shoji Tanaka
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1246
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Toshio Mori, Hidemasa Tamura
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1247
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Teinosuke Kanda, Takumi Minemoto
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1248
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Yoshika Masuda, Kiyohito Okamura
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1249
Published: July 05, 1964
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Takayoshi Yamamoto, Hideo Akimune, Tokuo Suita
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1250
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Yasunori Hayashi, Takesi Sugeno
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1251
Published: July 05, 1964
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Teruya Shinjo, Fumitake Itoh, Hideo Takaki, Yoji Nakamura, Naomoto Shi ...
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1252
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Kazuo Morigaki
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1253
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Akira Sawaoka, Syôhei Miyahara
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1254
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Tomiei Hori, Yasuaki Nakagawa
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1255
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Hideo Iwasaki
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1256-1257
Published: July 05, 1964
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W. H. Brantley, T. Katoh, J. H. Hamilton
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1257-1258
Published: July 05, 1964
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Satoru Kunii, Eiji Hirahara
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1258-1259
Published: July 05, 1964
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K\={o} Yasuk\={o}chi, Yoshinori Kuwasawa, Kazuko Sekizawa, K\={o}taro ...
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1259-1260
Published: July 05, 1964
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Taiichiro Haseda, Hanako Kobayashi
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1260-1261
Published: July 05, 1964
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Hiroshi Morisaki, Yoshio Inuishi
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1261-1262
Published: July 05, 1964
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Hiroshi Betsuyaku, Shigehiro Komura, Yasuko Betsuyaku
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1262-1263
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Yosia Iida, Yuzo Tomono
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1264
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Takehiko Oguchi, Fumihiko Takano
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1265
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Michio Kiritani
1964 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages
1266
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One of the photographs appeared in the paper entitled as above (Fig. 2), which was the most important evidence for the conclusion of spot images to be caused by voids, was not well reproduced. The photograph below was reproduced from the same negative.
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