Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 10, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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  • On the Halogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Some Metal Halides I
    Teinosuke Kanda
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 85-88
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.85
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    Chemical shifts of chlorine, bromine and iodine nuclear magnetic resonance of some metal halides were measured. The results indicates that the origin of the large shift is the second-order paramagnetism due to the halogen atom covalently bonnded to the neighbouring metal atoms in the crystal. The degree of covalency estimated from the shift has a reasonable order of magnitude. Spin-lattice relaxation times of LiBr, AgBr and TlBr were also measured and it was revealed that they have direct correlation to the shift. From this we concluded that the mechanism of T1 of these crystals is the quadrupole coupling caused by the covalent bonding of the bromine atom.
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  • Inversion Spectrum of Ammonia
    Tetsuji Nishikawa, Koichi Shimoda
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 89-92
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.89
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    The inversion spectrum of ammonia has been studied in the frequency range between 20 and 12 kMc/sec. 29 lines have been found and 33 lines remeasured. Observed frequencies are compared with the calculated values from Costain’s formula and their deviations are discussed. The magnetic hyperfine splittings due to the proton spins for K=1 and J=5, 6, 7, 8, 9 lines have been resolved and measured. The observed splittings are in good agreements with the theoretical results.
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  • Methods of Calculating the Crystalline Electric Field
    J. Kanamori, T. Moriya, K. Motizuki, T. Nagamiya
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 93-102
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.93
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    Two convenient methods are developed for calculating the coefficients of expansion of the crystalline potential in spherical harmonics. One consists in extending Evjen’s elementary method of obtaining Madelung’s constant, dividing the lattice into multipoles, and summing their contributions in an elementary way, and the other is an extension of Bertaut’s Fourier method of obtaining the electrostatic lattice energy of a point-charge lattice and that of a point-dipole lattice. For the latter, two slightly different methods are proposed. Applications to NaCl-type and CsCl-type lattices and to FeF2 and CoF2 lattices are given, and the merits and dismerits of the methods are discussed.
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  • Non-empirical Calculation of the Diamagnetic Anisotropy of Benzene
    Takashi Itoh, Kimio Ohno, Hiroyuki Yoshizumi
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 103-107
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.103
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    The large anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility of benzene, which is considered to be due to the free migration of π-electrons, is calculated by the antisymmetrized LCAO-MO method. We have included all the configurations obtained by excitation of one or two electrons from the lowest configuration and we have retained all the many-center integrals. The calculated value of the diamagnetic anisotropy is about 50% of the experimental value. The effect of configuration interaction is not small enough to be neglected.
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  • Dielectric Properties of Lead·Strontium Titanate
    Shoichiro Nomura, Shozo Sawada
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 108-111
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.108
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    The dielectric and thermal properties and lattice dimensions of lead·strontium titanate were investigated, the solid solution being realized in the whole range of molar percentage. It was found that lead·strontium titanate is also ferroelectric as lead·barium titanate and barium·strontium titanate. As the content of Sr2+ increases, the lattice volume and tetragonality decrease. The Curie temperature decreases linearly with the increase of the content of Sr2+ and any other transition point was not observed. Curie-Weiss formula holds above Curie temperature, the value of Curie constant being (3∼9)×104°C.
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  • Dielectric Properties of Titanates Containg Sn4+ Ions I
    Shoichiro Nomura
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 112-119
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.112
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    Dielectric and thermal properties and lattice constants of the solid solutions of Pb(Ti·Sn)O3 and Ba(Ti·Sn)O3 were investigated, for the purpose of making clear the role of Y ion in the compounds of the perovskite type, XYO3. In Pb(Ti·Sn)O3, according to the X-ray analysis, two phases seem to co-exist in the samples containing Sn4+ ions more than 75%, although the whole range solid solution might be expected from the standpoint of the “tolerance factor”. The Curie point moves to the low temperature side with the increase of the content of PbSnO3 and reaches 200°C in Pb(20%Ti·80%Sn)O3. In Ba(Ti·Sn)O3, a rather steep decrease of the Curie temperature with the content of Sn4+ ions occurs and the whole range solid solution seems to be realized, although the X-ray analysis was not thoroughly made in this case. The dielectric constant D∼E hysteresis loop, thermal expansion and specific heat were observed. An anomalous hysteresis phenomenon was observed in Pb(25%Ti·75%Sn)O3, which suggests that Ti4+ Ion and Sn4+ Ion respond differently to the external field in the ferroelectric state. Several speculations were mentioned with respect to this phenomenon.
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  • The Steady Flow of Viscous Fluid past a Fixed Spheroidal Obstacle at Small Reynolds Numbers
    Tyûsei Aoi
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 119-129
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.119
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    By making use of an exact solution of Oseen’s equations of motion detailed theoretical discussion is made on the steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a prolate or oblate spheroid, including a circular disc as a special case. The analytical exact solution of Oseen’s equations are first obtained by the use of spheroidal functions, mathematical properties of which are also investigated separately in the writer’s subsequent paper. The drag experienced by a spheroid is then computed and the general formula for the drag is obtained. Approximate formulae for the drags on a prolate and oblate spheroid and on a circular disc are also derived and some numerical results are obtained. Discussions on the pressure drag and the frictional drag experienced by a spheroid are made and it is thus found that these two drags contribute to the total drag in a definite ratio which is independent of the Reynolds number. Detailed analytical calculations are given only for the case of a prolate spheroid and the essential parts of the analysis for the case of an oblate spheroid are given in Appendix.
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  • On Spheroidal Functions
    Tyûsei Aoi
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 130-141
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.130
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    In this paper are investigated some mathematical properties of spheroidal functions satisfying the differential equation of the form:
    \fracddz\left{(1−z2)\fracdZdz\ ight}+(λ+κ2z2)Z=0.
    One solution pen(z) regular at |z|=1, which has already been known as special case of the generalized spheroidal function penm(z), is developed into a Legendre expansion and its coefficients are obtained explicitly for several cases.
    The solution of the first kind Ren(z) and that of the second kind Sen(z), which are valid especially when z>>1, are defined by the definite integrals and are also expressed in series forms in terms of the modified Bessel functions.
    An alternative expression for Sen(z), which is conveniently used even when z is not so large, is also defined in like manner as in the case of the derivation of the modified Mathieu function FEKn(z) or GEKn(z). Further, the asymptotic behaviours of these functions Ren(z) and Sen(z) are obtained.
    Detailed calculations are developed for the case of a prolate spheroid. For the case of an oblate spheroid some essential parts only are given In Appendix.
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  • Spontaneous Condensation in a supersonic Flow of Humid Air
    Hiromu Wakeshima
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 141-148
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.141
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    The problem of the spontaneous condensation of water vapor in a supersonic flow of moist air is approximately solved in a way similar to those given previovsly, on the basis of Becker-Döring’s equation for the stationary rate of self-nucleation and also based on the law of droplet growth used before. Comparison of the theoretical prediction with experimental results given by Head shows a considerably good agreement and thus it is revealed that major part of the delay of the appearance of condensation, from which some doubt has been cast over the validity of Becker’s formula in such cases, can be explained plausibly without the notion of time lag in the self-nucleation.
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  • Piezoelectricity of Wood
    Eiichi Fukada
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 149-154
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.149
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    The direct and converse piezoelectric effects of wood have been studied. Assigning the z axis to the grain direction and the x and y axes to the radial and tangential direction of annual rings respectively, the piezoelectric effects corresponding to d14 and d25 were observed. When the shearing force is applied to the fibers in their oriented plane, the polarization occurs on the side planes of the fibers. The effect is symmetrical to the z axis, that is, the grain direction. The converse effects were observed by clamping together the wood specimen and a Rochelle salt crystal between metal frames, and measuring the output voltage of the Rochelle salt crystal when the alternating voltage at audio frequency is applied to the wood specimen. The value of the piezoelectric constants, −d14=d25, is in the order of 10−9 and about one twentieth of d11 of quartz. If we assume that the natural cellulose possesses the piezoelectricity in its crystalline state, that the cellulose micelle are oriented in only one direction namely z axis, in which the positive and negative direction of long axis of micelle are equally distributed and that micelle are arranged quite at random in the x y plane, the apparent piezoelectricity of wood are reasonably explained.
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  • Der Zündmechanismus im Dieselmotor (I)
    Von Kunio Terao
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 154-160
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.154
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    An experimental research in the mechanism of the ignition and the air-fuel mixture in the internal combustion engine was carried out. The fluctuating nature of the ignition-delay in the Diesel-engine was analysed statistically and we found that the probability of ignition in unit time of the liquid fuel, which was injected into the combustion-chamber, was nearly proportional to the time. For the explanation of these changes of ignition probability, the diffusion-phenomenon of fuel was discussed.
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  • On the Magnetic Ageing of Pure Iron
    Mitsuru Asanuma, Shinji Ogawa
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 161
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.161
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  • Drift Mobility of Conduction Electron in KCl
    Hazimu Kawamura, Masami Onuki
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 162-163
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.162
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  • Dependence on the Nature of the Electrode Surface of the Joshi Effect in Oxygen at Different Gas Pressures
    S. R. Mohanty, T. S. Nagarjunan, R. Srinivasan, G. Srinivasan
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 163-164
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.163
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  • Effect of Electron Bombardment on Secondary and Photo-electron Emission of Cesium-antimonide
    Kiyoshi Miyake
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 164-165
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.164
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  • On the Hall Effect of P-type Germanium in the Near Intrinsic Range
    Yasuo Kanai, Katsuhisa Furusy\={o}
    1955 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 165-166
    Published: February 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.165
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