Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 1347-4073
Print ISSN : 0031-9015
ISSN-L : 0031-9015
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Volume 14, Issue 9
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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  • Electroluminescence of ZnS Phosphors Excited by Short Field Pulses
    Shoji Tanaka
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1123-1140
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1123
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    The electroluminescence in ZnS:Cu, Pb phosphors excited by short field pulses are investigated and excitation and recombination mechanisms of luminescent centers are discussed. The exciting pulse fields used in these experiments are rectangular pulses having durations of 1 to 40 microseconds. From the experimental results about emission spectra, brightness waveforms, dependences of light outputs on the applied voltages and pulse durations, decay times, build-up characteristics and their temperature dependences, the following considerations are made: the local intense field generated at the cathode region of phosphor particle accerelates the primary electrons and the luminescent centers are impact-ionized by these electrons. The field strength may be smaller than in the case of sinusoidal field excitation and then the excitation efficiency of primary electron greatly decreases compared with the latter case. The primary electrons are partly generated thermally and partly by the direct field-ionization. The decay of electroluminescence obeys the bimolecular law and is affected by the electron traps in the region of long pulse durations. The build-up characteristics are also affected by the deeply lying electron traps.
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  • Dielectric Susceptibility Tensor of Cadmium Sulfide
    Taiz\={o} Masumi
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1140-1142
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1140
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    The components of static dielectric tensor ||κsij|| of wurtzite cadmium sulfide have been examined. An anisotropy of κs was found between the two crystal orientations [2\bar1\bar10] and [0001], that provides some suggestive knowledges on the lattice vibration spectra of cadmium sulfide and on the scattering mechanisms of electrons in several semiconductors.
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  • On the Screening of Impurity Potential by Conduction Electrons
    Noboru Takimoto
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1142-1158
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1142
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    A detailed investigation is made on self-consistent impurity potential in a charge cloud of conduction electrons. It is shown first that the Thomas-Fermi method can be used so as to include a certain correlation effect between the conduction electrons which is ignored in customary theories. The same problem is then treated by the method of Nakajima and Bardeen and Pines and it is shown that it leads to essentially the same result as that obtained by the Thomas-Fermi method. The obtained potential differs from the usual one in the fact that the screening parameter now depends on the way of the scattering. Some discussion is given about the equivalence of the two methods and further possible improvement. The potential thus derived is then used for the calculation of the electric resistance governed by the impurity scattering.
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  • Properties of Semiconductive Barium Titanates
    Osamu Saburi
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1159-1174
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1159
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    The resistivity of barium titanate which is usually of the order of 109∼1012 ohm-cm, may be remarkably reduced with suitable control in valency. The valency-controlled barium titanate, whose resistivity is of the order of 10∼104 ohm-cm at room temperature, shows anomalous positive character in the temperature dependency of the resistivity. For example, the resistivity of barium titanate containing 0.1 mol. percent of cerium abruptly changes by 104 between 120°C and 150°C.
    Some semiconductive properties and their relations to the crystal transition and the composition of the materials are reviewed, for the valency-controlled barium titanates, and assumptions are proposed for the role of additives on the reduction of the resistivity of the barium titanates.
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  • On the Theory of Thermoelectricity
    Jan Tauc
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1174-1175
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1174
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    The meaning of the inner electrical field inside a two band semiconductor the gap of which depends on temperature is discussed in connection with the theory of the thermoelectromotive force in such semiconductors.
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  • Theory of Thermoelectric Power of Ionic Crystals, III
    Eijiro Haga
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1176-1181
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1176
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    When temperature gradient is given in a specimen of AgCl doped with CuCl, its thermoelectric power changes with time owing to the thermal diffusion of copper ions, and then reaches its steady value. If the temperature gradient is removed after such a steady state is attained, the electronmotive force continues to exist for a while, but it decreases with time according as the copper ions diffuse again to the previous homogeneous distribution. The expressions for such processes are derived under proper assumptions. The time constant for them is estimated with use of the conductivity data of Ebert and Teltow. The information on the heat of transport of Cu+ will be obtained if experiments on such processes are carried out.
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  • On the Crystal Growth of Cadmium Sulphide
    Sumiaki Ibuki
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1181-1195
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1181
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    The crystal growth of CdS has been investigated in detail mainly by the method of sublimation and recrystallization in the flow of nitrogen gas, with special reference to the process of growth and the forms of grown crystals, and the conditions have been searched for under which various kinds of crystal forms such as needle, lamina, plate, rod, block, twin and whisker forms are grown. To this end, the degree of vaporization in sublimating region, the temperature and saturated vapor pressure in growing region, the thermal decomposition, the origination of growth as well as the effect of dislocation upon crystal growth have been investigated. Further, the degree of perfection and luminescence of grown crystals have also been observed.
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  • Induced Conductivity of CdS by β- and γ-rays
    Sumiaki Ibuki
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1196-1204
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1196
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    Properties of CdS crystals were investigated under irradiation by β-rays from 10 mc of Sr90 or from the accelerator of Van de Graaff type and γ-rays from 1 c of Cs137 or from 200 c of Co60. The ohmic contact of electrodes and the crystal uniformity were first inspected, and some properties concerning the induced conductivity of CdS crystals by β- and γ-rays were discussed in comparison with those observed when the crystals were irradiated by visible light. It has been concluded that the sample crystals grown by the author’s method are uniform and that they have low trap density and high sensitivity for β- or γ-rays. It was also shown that the elementary phenomena of the induced conductivity in the case of β- or γ-ray irradiation were quite similar to those in the case of visible-light irradiation, and that the number of electrons excited into the conduction band by a β-particle was about one hundred times larger than that by a γ-particle of 1.3∼1.5 Mev.
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  • Accurate Determination of Hydrogen Positions in NH4Cl by Electron Diffraction
    Shigeya Kuwabara
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1205-1216
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1205
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    The hydrogen position in NH4Cl was determined by the difference Fourier syntheses from the electron diffraction Debye-Scherrer ring intensity data at a room temperature and a low temperature (−40°C). The primary extinction effect for strong reflections such as (110) plane was corrected from the variation of their intensities by changing the accelerating voltages between 20 and 60 kv. By the use of the least square method, the temperature factors were determined from higher order reflections whose atomic scattering factors are not affected by ionization.
    The difference Fourier syntheses showed the coordinate (xxx) of the hydrogen atoms to be x=0.153 for both the room temperature and the low temperature phases, when the atomic scattering factors for ionized atoms N−0.45, Cl−0.81 and H+0.315 were taken. Only the room temperature phase showed the rotatory vibration of the hydrogen atoms. The result of our experiment was compared with those of X-ray, neutron and other electron diffraction data.
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  • The Magnetic Investigation of Mn++, Co++, Ni++, Cu++ Ammine and Anhydrate Salts
    Kiyoshi Kido, Takashi Watanabe
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1217-1224
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1217
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    The object of this paper is to investigate how the magnetic interaction and the crystalline field depend on the number of coordinations in the complex salts. As the results of our measurements, it is found that the magnetic susceptibilities of Mn(NH3)6Cl2, Mn(NH3)2Cl2, Mn(NH3)Cl2, MnCl2, Co(NH3)6Cl2, Co(NH3)2Cl2, Co(NH3)Cl2, CoCl2; Ni(NH3)6Cl2, Ni(NH3)2Cl2, Ni(NH3)Cl2, NiCl2; Cu(NH3)4SO4·H2O, Cu(NH3)2SO4, CuSO4 follow well the Curie-Weiss law in the temperature range from 90°K to 600°K. Any appreciable deviation from the Curie-Weiss law has not been observed, and it seems that the Curie constant C and the Weiss temperature θ in the equation χm=C⁄T+θ generally increase as the coordination number proceeds lower.
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  • Effect of the Basic Strength of Attached Groups on Light Absorption Spectra, IV. Proton Dissociations of Some Aromatic Molecules in Their Excited State
    Reikiti Itoh
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1224-1231
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1224
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    A general standard of the classification is given for the acid-base character of some aromatic molecules with special reference to the change of the character after and before the first excitation. The criterion is Δq\gtreqqless0, Δq being the change in the π-electron density of the special member of the attached group after and before the excitation. This corresponds to pKa1\lesseqqgtrpKa2 where pKa1 and pKa2 are the proton dissociation constants in the ground and the excited state respectively. Examples are the case of acridon cation which gives Δq=0.099 corresponding to pKa2−pKa1=2.48 (observed value 2.6) and the case of 3-oxyacridine which gives Δq=−0.18 corresponding to pKa2−pKa1=−4.52 (observed value, if any, −5.27). Though the cases of naphthylamine and naphthol were treated in the previous paper III, some corrections about the term values and the discussion of the paper III are given in the present paper.
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  • Spin-Spin Interaction in the Paramagnetic Salts
    K\={o} Sugihara
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1231-1234
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1231
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    The spin-spin interaction via phonon exchange is proposed as a new mechanism of the so-called exchange interaction between the electron spins of the paramagnetic ions in crystal which has been overlooked hitherto. The interaction Hamiltonian derived by Van Vleck to account for the spin-lattice relaxation phenomenon is used for the numerical estimate. It is shown that the interaction through phonon exchange may have the same order of magnitude as the dipolar coupling in some of the paramagnetic salts.
    This interaction is temperature independent and at large distances falls off as inverse cube power of the inter-atomic distance. In nickel Tutton salts, the magnitude of the interaction is about 10−3cm−1 at the distance 12A which is comparable to that of the dipolar interaction.
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  • Measurement of Plasma Temperature and Electron Density
    Kiyoshi Murakawa, Shizuyo Mizuno-Hashimoto
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1235-1242
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1235
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    This investigation aims at measuring the temperature of the plasma obtained by passing condensed discharge through a Geisler tube containing neon. The wave-length of Ne I λ5852 emitted from condensed discharge was compared with that of the same line emitted from arc discharge, the comparison being made with a Fabry-Perot etalon. Red shift of the line by spark discharge was detected. From the amount of the shift the half-value width contributed by the ionic field and electrons was calculated by Lindholm’s formula. Subtracting this (vectorially) from the observed half-value width, the width contributed by the Doppler effect alone was obtained, and then the plasma temperature was calculated. From the line profiles of Hγ and Ne I λ4715 Holtsmark’s so-called normal field strength Fn was obtained, and therefore the electron density could be deduced. In our present example the mean plasma temperature was T=6×103 K, and the mean electron density N=1×1010 per cm3.
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  • Crystal Structure of 2-Amino Azulene
    Yoshito Takaki, Yoshio Sasada, Isamu Nitta
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1242A
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1242A
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  • Rheological Equation of Voigtian Material
    Wataru Segawa
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1242B
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1242B
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  • A Quantitative Study of the M Centre in KCl
    Tetsuhiko Tomiki
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1243
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1243
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  • Antiferromagnetic Resonance in CoCl2·6H2O
    Muneyuki Date
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1244
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1244
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  • Crystalline Field Splitting in Ferrous Fluosilicate
    Taiichiro Ohtsuka
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1245
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1245
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  • Semiconducting Properties of Bi-Sb Alloys
    Seiichi Tanuma
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1246
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1246
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  • Curie Point in Thin Ni Films Determined by Electrical Method
    Kaizo Kuwahara
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1247
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1247
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  • Proton Resonance in the Antiferromagnetic State of NiCl2·6H2O and CoCl2·6H2O
    Tadashi Sugawara
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1248
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1248
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  • X-ray Observations of the Surfaces of Plastically Deformed LiF Crystals with the Berg-Barret Method
    Mitsuru Yoshimatsu, Kazutake Kohra
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1249-1250
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1249
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  • X-ray Observation of the Strain Field in Germanium Single Crystals with the Use of the Anomalous Transmission
    Zensho Ishii, Kazutake Kohra
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1250-1251
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1250
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  • Alpha Excitation Functions of Iron-54
    Shigeo Tanaka, Michiaki Furukawa, Masuo Yagi, Shiro Iwata, Hiroshi Ama ...
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1251
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1251
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  • A Mechanism for Producing Extrusions and Intrusions during Fatigue
    Ryutaro Nagai
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1252-1253
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1252
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  • Time Decrease of Permeability in Silicon-Iron
    Kunirô Tsushima, Mitsuru Asanuma, Syôhei Miyahara
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1253-1254
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1253
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  • Changes of Coercivities by Heat Treatment and Cold-Rolling in Cu–Co Alloy
    Masayoshi Sat\={o}, Tadayasu Mitui
    1959 Volume 14 Issue 9 Pages 1254
    Published: September 05, 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.1254
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