Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 22 Mev Alpha Particles by Light Elements

Chuin Hu, Shohei Kato, Yukiyasu Oda, Minoru Takeda

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 549-554
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.549

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The scattering of 22Mev alpha particles from carbon, magnesium and silicon has been studied with scintillation counter technique. The elastic scatterings from carbon and magnesium have shown the characteristic diffraction pattern, which can be obtained from the theory of diffraction by an opaque sphere. The observed inelastic angular distributions could be approximated by the squares spherical Bessel function of second order as predicted by direct interaction theory. The agreement is appreciably good for our elements. However, the cross sections do not tend toward small values in the forward direction for magnesium and silicon.

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Be⁹(n, 2n)Be⁸ and B¹¹(n, α)Li⁸(β)Be⁸ Reactions by 14 Mev Neutrons

Masakatsu Sakisaka

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 554-563
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.554

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Be⁹(n, 2n)Be⁸ and B¹¹(n, α)Li⁸(β)Be⁸ reactions induced by 14 Mev neutrons were studied by the method of beryllium and boron loaded nuclear emulsions.
In the former reaction, the angular distributions of Be⁸ nuclei were strongly peaked backward in the center-of-mass system, suggesting that the direct interaction of the incident neutrons with beryllium—an inelastic scattering process before second neutron emission and a pick-up process probably—had a major contribution to the reaction. The cross sections were measured as 0.18±0.07, 0.03±0.02, 0.11±0.04 and 0.05±0.03 barns for the 3, 5, 7.5 and more than 9 Mev excited states of Be⁸ respectively. When 0.17±0.03 barns was cited to the cross section with respect to its ground state, the total (n, 2n) cross section was estimated as 0.54±0.09 barns.
The cross section of the latter reaction was measured as 35±7 millibarns in which the contribution of Be⁸ in the ground state was not included. Most Li⁸ nuclei were found to be left at the states lower than 2.5 Mev in the reaction. The decaying rates of Li⁸ to the Be⁸ states of 3, 5 and more than 8 Mev were about 75, 15 and 10% respectively and the mixing of the allowed transitions of such rates was consistent with the known β-spectrum of Li⁸.

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Cell Theory of Classical Liquids. Phase Transition between Gas, Liquid and Solid. Part III. Yvon’s Method and its Generalization

Tohru Morita

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 563-570
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.563

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The Method, proposed by Yvon, to start with the cluster expansion formulae and to classify the contributions of the clusters according to the form of the figure showing the coordinates of particles in the summand is fully developed for uniform and non-uniform lattice systems and compared with the cluster variation method. The cell theory of liquids is investigated from the standpoint of this method. It is shown that the cell-pair approximation developed in Parts I and II from the stand-point of the cluster variation method is shown to be identical to the approximation in which the figures that are contained in a cell or a pair of cells are taken into account correctly and the others are neglected, again in our present standpoint.

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Cell Theory of Classical Liquids. Phase Transition between Gas, Liquid and Solid. Part IV. F. C. C. Lattice Gases

Tohru Morita

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 570-577
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.570

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The method developed in Part III is applied in the approximation of the “statues of 6 points” to the face-centered cubic lattice gases, of nearest neighbor lattice sites distance a⁄2, composed of particles with hard core of diameter somewhat smaller than a, with and without attractive part. The results obtained are that these lattice gases will exhibit the solid-gas phase transition, while the liquid phase will not appear for systems of particles either with or without attractive interactions. Qualitative discussions are given of the reason why the difference that our lattice gases will not become liquid and the real gas condenses to liquid, arises.

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Study of Reorientational Motion in Solid State of 1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene and Hexachlorobenzene by Pure Quadrupole Resonance

Itaru Tatsuzaki

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 578-583
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.578

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Abrupt increases accompanying the elevation of temperature were observed in the line widths of pure quadrupole resonance spectrum of l, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene. The results suggest a possibility of reorientational motion of these molecules in temperature ranges far lower than the melting points. In consideration of hexagonal symmetry of hexachlorobenzene, it was concluded that there was occurring a reorientational motion around the hexagonal axis of this molecule. Its hindering potential barrier was estimated at 12.6>W≥9.9 Kcal/mole by means of pure quadrupole resonance alone. Although 1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene has no symmetry about the normal axis of the molecular plane, measurements of proton magnetic resonance and dielectric constant, in addition to the pure quadrupole resonance suggested the possibility of the reorientational motion around the normal axis of the molecule, which covers only two neighboring equilibrium positions. From temperature dependence of the line width of pure quadrupole resonance spectrum, the mean height of its hindering potential barrier was estimated at 6.0>W≥5.0 Kcal/mole.

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Electronic Structure of Bismuth Type Crystals, II

Shoichi Mase

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 584-589
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.584

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Further study of the electronic structure of bismuth type crystals is made by calculating the energies along some directions in the reduced zone in more detail than in the previous paper, and a discussion is made on the location of electrons and holes in the Brillouin zone. We propose that in the case of bismuth the electrons are located at each centre of upper and lower inclined planes of Jones’ zone and the holes are located at a particular point on each cross line of side-planes parallel to the c-axis, while in the case of antimony the electrons are located at the same places as in bismuth and the holes at different places which are defined in the text. On this model some electric and magnetic properties of the metals and alloys are discussed.

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Internal Friction of Lead, II

Yosio Hiki

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 590-596
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.590

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The experimental results on the internal friction of lead single crystals were discussed on the basis of the dislocation theory. At low temperatures, the dependences of the internal friction on the strain amplitude and the frequency are well explained with the pinned-down dislocation model. The pinning of dislocations by point defects is also varified to exist through analyzing the change of the amplitude dependence of the internal friction produced by annealing the specimen. The exponential increase of the internal friction with increasing temperature is considered to be due to the thermal break-away of the dislocations from the pinning points. On the assumption that the Cottrell’s force acts between the pinning impurity atom and the dislocation, some of the unknown quantities of a crystal can be determined as follows: dislocation density is 1.03×10⁸cm⁻², loop length of dislocation network 1.71×10⁻⁴ cm, and mean distance between impurities on dislocation 2.85×10⁻⁵ cm. Above a certain temperature (about 300°K) the internal friction decreases with increasing strain amplitude, being the reverse of the behavior at low temperatures. This phenomenon is interpreted as the impurity pinning becomes ineffective at high temperatures and the formation of jogs at the network pinning points of the dislocations contributes to the internal friction.

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Precipitation Process of Carbon in Alpha-Iron

Tetsuro Suzuki, Yuzo Tomono

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 597-601
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.597

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The precipitation process of carbon in alpha-iron was studied by measuring the internal friction, and by observing the precipitates by electron microscope. The experimental results are expressed fairly well by the formula which expresses the sum of the two processes, one being the absorption of carbon atoms by the precipitates by way of dislocations and the other being the absorption of carbon atoms through the surfaces of the precipitates by the diffusion-limited process. The observation of the precipitates supports this explanation of the precipitation process.

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Electronmicroscopic Observations of the KCl Single Crystal Irradiated with Ultra-Violet Light

Tetsuhiko Tomiki, Masayasu Ueta

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 602-608
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.602

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Electronmicroscopic observations were made for the KCl single crystal which was irradiated with light emitted from a hydrogen discharge tube, using the replica technique. Growth of crystallites occurred on the irradiated surface, and the irradiated effects could also be detected inside the crystal to the depth of 5 to 7 microns beneath the irradiated surface. It was confirmed experimentally that the growth of crystallites was induced by the ionic motions inside the irradiated crystal. The mechanism by which crystallites were formed is discussed in relation to the action of excitons.

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On the Diamagnetism of Graphite, I. Energy Levels of π-electrons

Hisanao Sato

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 609-617
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.609

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The energy levels of the conduction electrons in graphite, in the presence of a magnetic field, are calculated by the method of the tight binding approximation, taking into account the effect of band-to-band transitions which is not included in the Landau-Peierls treatment. The present theory is a natural extension of the Luttinger-Kohn and McClure theories for the band structure of graphite. The relation to the diamagnetic susceptibility is discussed.

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The Thermoelectric, Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Effects of Monovalent Metals, IV. Effect of the Non-equilibrium Distribution of the Phonons

Mikio Tsuji

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 618-632
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.618

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The effects of the non-equilibrium distribution of the phonons on the electrical and thermal conductivities, thermoelectric power, and transverse galvano- and thermomagnetic effects of metals are calculated. It is shown that Onsager’s reciprocal relation holds, actually, in the case of the non-equilibrium distribution of the phonons with presence of a magnetic field. For the spherical band model, the effect on the Ettingshausen-Nernst coefficient is not so large as appeared in literatures. For an anisotropic band model, the phonon drag terms appear in the Ettingshausen, Ettingshausen-Nernst and Righi-Leduc coefficients.

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Theoretical Treatment of the Movement of 180° Domain in BaTiO₃ Single Crystal

Ryuji Abe

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 633-642
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.633

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A theoretical treatment was proposed for the movement of wedge-shaped 180° domains in BaTiO₃ single crystal. It was proved that the experimental relations found by Merz can be explained satisfactorily by considering this new mechanism of the domain motion. Further a few quantitative examinations were made and it was ascertained that there is no clear quantitative inconsistency between the theoretical relations and Merz’s experimental relations.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Dilute Copper Alloys at Low Temperatures, I. Experimental Aspects

Tadashi Sugawara

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 643-652
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.643

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The nuclear magnetic resonance of Cu⁶³ in dilute copper alloys has been studied in order to make clear the origin of their anomalous magnetic, electric and thermal behaviors observed at low temperatures. The specimens were the dilute solid solutions of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Sn in Cu. From the temperature dependence of the observed line width, it was concluded that Ti, Ni, and Zn behave as non-magnetic ions while the others do as paramagnetic ions. Sn in Cu-alloy showed temperature dependent paramagnetism in spite of its temperature independent paramagnetism in the metal. The solute contribution to the widths in Cu–Cr, Cu–Mn, Cu–Fe and Cu–Co in weak field showed a Curie-Weiss behavior. The Weiss temperatures obtained indicated increasing ferromagnetic interaction with increasing solute concentration. The width in Cu–Mn was proportional to the magnetic field except at very low temperatures, while those in Cu–Cr and Cu–Fe showed anomalous field dependence at temperatures below 20°K. The Knight shift in these paramagnetic alloys was larger than that in pure Cu, but the deviation was very small at high temperatures. At very low temperatures the spin-lattice relaxation times in Cu–Cr, Cu–Mn and Cu–Fe became shorter than those in pure Cu and in non-magnetic alloys such as Cu–Zn.

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Theory of Spatially Growing Plasma Waves

Masao Sumi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 653-657
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.653

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The linearized theory of spatially growing waves in a uniform plasma is investigated in detail. By solving the dispersion relation in this case, characteristics of excited waves are presented. Behaviors of the growth-rate and the phase-velocity of amplified wave are examined in connection with the frequency and various conditions of the medium plasma and the directed beam. It is seen that the theory is in good agreement with some features of experimental results.

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High Subsonic Flow with Normal Shock Wave at Nearly Critical Mach Number

Takeo Sakurai

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 658-663
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.658

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High subsonic flow past a biconvex circular arc aerofoil with a pair of normal shock waves at nearly critical Mach number is discussed by a very simple approximation procedure. The shock waves are assumed to be the normal shock waves which start from the surface of the aerofoil and stand perpendicularly to the direction of the uniform flow. The locations of the sonic line and the shock waves are treated as unknown parameters to be determined in the course of analysis. The results show that these parameters have real physical meaning only when the Mach number exceeds the usual critical Mach number calculated by means of Prandtl-Glauert approximation. The results also suggest that the curvature of the profile must change discontinuously at its intersection with the shock wave. This fact is also confirmed by applying Lin’s exact consideration. Thus, it is concluded that there can exist no high subsonic flow of ideal fluid with normal shock waves starting form the surface past a profile having continuous curvature.

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Flash X-Ray Radiography for the Density Measurement in a Hypersonic Air Flow

Fumio Tamaki, Chul-soo Kim

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 664-669
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.664

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Soft X-ray radiograph method using a flash X-ray tube was developed as a means of measuring air density in a hypersonic flow in a shock tube. The method was applied to the measurement of the density distribution between a circular cylinder and the detached shock wave at a free-stream Mach number of 5.5 and a free-stream density of about one-tenth of the normal atmosphere. Results suggest that the method is promising for the investigation of hypersonic flow fields, especially for the measurement of narrow regions with steep density gradients, because the effect of refraction can be neglected without error in the wavelength range of X-rays.

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On the New Reverberation Chamber with Nonparallel Walls (Studies on the Measurement of Absorption Coefficient by the Reverberation Chamber Method, II)

Kozi Sato, Masaru Koyasu

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 670-677
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.670

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The details of the new reverberation chamber are given. It has a volume of 513 m³ and is surrounded by nonparallel walls. The results of model room experiments previously reported have been used to determine the shape and volume of this chamber. At 500 cps., the reverberation time of empty chamber was 22 seconds. The position of the microphone and the sound absorbing material did not affect the reverberation time of this chamber. This fact would show that the sound field of this chamber would fulfill the requisite for the diffuse sound field which is the premise of the reverberation chamber method.

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A Visualizing Method of Electron Temperature and Plasma Density

Hajime Tamagawa, Junji Fujita

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 678
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.678

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An Abnormal Saturation Behavior in High Resolution Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra

Michihiko Nagumo, Yoshinobu Kakiuchi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 679
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.679

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Phase Transition in Tungsten Trioxide

Sigetosi Tanisaki

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 680-681
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.680

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Absorption Spectrum of Copper-Coloured Cuprous Oxide

Masakazu Hayashi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 681
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.681

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Visible Light Emission from Metal-Silicon Contact

Makoto Kikuchi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 682
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.682

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Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling between Protons in Vinyl Derivatives

Tatsuo Shimizu, Shin-ichi Matsuoka, Shuzo Hattori, Kantaro Senda

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 683-684
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.683

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Fine Structures of Proton Resonance Spectra of Fluorobenzene Derivatives

Minoru Kimura, Shin-ichi Matsuoka, Shuzo Hattori, Kantaro Senda

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 684
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.684

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A Metastable Phase in Sn-Mg Alloy Film

Ry\={o}ji Suganuma

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 685-686
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.685

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Anomalous Hall Effect due to an s-d Interaction in the Dilute Alloys Containing the Transition Elements

Mikio Tsuji

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 686
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.686

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Changes of Ultrasonic Attenuation during Creep of Aluminum

Akira Hikata, Masayoshi Tutumi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 687-688
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.687

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Size Effects on the Ferrimagnetic Resonance Absorption of Polycrystalline Ferrites and Garnets

Hiroo Yonemitsu

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 688-689
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.688

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An Application of the FA-Modified TF Model to the Singly Ionized Negative Ion

Shigehiro Kobayashi

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 689-690
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.689

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Evaluation of the Nuclear Quadrupole Moment of N¹⁴

Yoshifumi Kato, Osamu Nakahara

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 690-691
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.690

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A Note on the Theories Underlying the Polarimetric Study of Very Thin Dielectric Surface Layers

Sadao Nomura, Koreo Kinosita

1959 Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 691
Published: May 05, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 29, 2007

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.14.691

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