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Tokihiro Kuroyanagi
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2363-2368
Published: December 05, 1961
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The disintegration of Sr
83 produced by (γ, n) reaction was studied with the aid of scintillation spectrometer. The gamma-ray spectra showed lines at 40, 385 and 755 keV. And the analysis of the beta-ray spectra defined two groups of beta-ray of the end-point energy of 0.81 and 1.15 MeV. The decay scheme was proposed from the information of the single and coincidence scintillation spectra. In the decay scheme, the 40-, 385- and 755-keV levels were established and the spin and parity assignments of ground and first excited 40-keV levels were confirmed to be 5/2- and 3/2-, respectively.
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Tokihiro Kuroyanagi
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2369-2371
Published: December 05, 1961
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As
79 was produced by a strong bremsstrahlung from a linear electron accelerator. It was separated chemically from SeO
2 irradiated by the bremsstrahlung. The decay of As
79 was studied with the aid of scintillation spectrometers. From the information of the gamma and beta spectra and of the coincidence measurements, the decay scheme of As
79 was proposed.
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Fumio Fukuzawa
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2371-2378
Published: December 05, 1961
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The cross sections for the production of isomeric pairs in the following reactions with 14 Mev neutrons have been measured by the activation method using the sample sandwiched plastic scintillator: As
75(
n,
p)Ge
75 (25±5 mb), As
75(
n,
p)Ge
75m (10±2 mb); Br
81(
n, 2
n)Br
80 (470±50 mb), Br
81(
n, 2
n)Br
80m (510±50 mb); Ba
138(
n, α)Xe
135(13±2 mb), Ba
138(
n, α)Xe
135m (13±2 mb); Ho
165(
n,
p)Dy
165 (40±10 mb), Ho
165(
n,
p)Dy
165m (<1 mb). Their isomeric cross section ratios are compared with the statistical model calculations based on the method of angular momentum sampling. For Br
81(
n, 2
n) and Ba
138(
n, α) reactions, these ratios can be reproduced by these calculations with the value of the level density parameter σ=4±1, but not for the other two. The disagreement in As
75(
n,
p) reaction can be explained by the predominance of the direct interaction process.
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Sukeaki Yamashita
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2378-2385
Published: December 05, 1961
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The angular distributions of the alpha-particles were obtained for the reactions F
19(
p, α) O
16 leaving the residual nucleus in the ground state, Al
27(
p, α) Mg
24 and P
31(
p, α) Si
28 leaving the residual nuclei in the ground and first excited states at four bombarding energies between 6.0 MeV and 7.4 MeV. The angular distribution for the reaction F
19(
p, α) O
16 shows the backward peak at each energy, but at small angles it depends on the bombarding energy. The angular distributions for the reactions Al
27(
p, α) Mg
24 and P
31(
p, α) Si
28 are also energy-dependent, but contain a larger isotropic part than those for the reaction F
19(
p, α) O
16. The integrated cross sections for the reactions Al
27(
p, α) Mg
24 and P
31(
p, α) Si
28 leaving the residual nuclei in the first excited states are several times as large as those for the reactions leaving the residual nuclei in the ground states. It appears unlikely that these reactions can be accounted for by the formation of compound nucleus or by simple direct interaction. The possible mechanisms through which these reactions may take place are discussed.
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Tetsuo Wakatsuki, Yasuo Hirao, Eiji Okada, Iwao Miura
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2385-2392
Published: December 05, 1961
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Gamma rays from
31P bombarded by protons of up to 5.7 MeV energy were analysed by scintillation spectrometers. Most of the observed gamma rays were attributed to the transitions from the excited states of
31P produced by the inelastic scattering of protons. Gamma ray transition branching ratios from several excited states were determined. The results are in general agreement with the results obtained from the experiments on
30Si(
p, γ)
31P reaction, but there are some differences between them which are discussed in detail. In particular, it was noted that the gamma ray of 1.65 MeV energy resulting from the transition from the excited state at 4.784 MeV to 3.133 MeV state is emitted in considerable intensity at the proton bombarding energy of 5.7 MeV. It was suggested that this selective excitation might be the result of the collective nature for the 4.784 MeV excited level. Excitation curve for the gamma ray intensity gave the compound levels of
32S at 13.61, 13.97 and 14.27 MeV.
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Tokihiro Kuroyanagi, Haruo Yuta, Kasuke Takahashi, Haruhiko Morinaga
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2393-2401
Published: December 05, 1961
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Several new activities in the rare earth region were identified and also the decay characteristics of some previously reported activities in this region were studied more in detail. They were produced by the (γ,
p) reactions and measurement was made with the aid of the scintillation spectrometers.
Results were as follows:
(
Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Analyses were made with the aid of the unified model.
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Akiko Ohno
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2402-2422
Published: December 05, 1961
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The time relaxation function for pressure broadening is derived in the cumulant expansion form with the number densities of the system as variates. In this derivation the multiple collisions are taken into account and the Boltzmann distribution is assumed. By introducing the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the statistical approximation, each cumulant can be written as a sum of irreducible integrals. When there is no correlation between perturbers and their effect on the absorber is scalarly additive, all cumulants drop out except the binary collision term. The criterion for the validity of the statistical approximation is that the rate of time change of difference between adiabatic potentials of initial and final states to this difference is much smaller than the frequency deviation from the natural frequency. The reason why the Jablonski’s quantum mechanical theory gives the equivalent result with that by the classical method of Kuhn-London is clarified.
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Syozo Totani
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2423-2429
Published: December 05, 1961
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The nature of the dislocations in photographic emulsion grains is discussed with regard to the tilt boundaries which were generated by the pressure gradient produced by the contraction of cavitation in ultrasonic field. On the mechanism of the latent fog formation by the pressure effect, some remarks are given on the standpoint of the Mitchell theory of development.
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Saburo Kitamura
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2430-2439
Published: December 05, 1961
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Ionization energies and electron trap depths in cadmium sulphide single crystals heat-treated in vacuum or in oxygen were obtained by measuring the dark conductivity as a function of the temperature and the thermally stimulated current, respectively. It was found that, in the case of crystals heat-treated in vacuum, the ionization energies were 0.04 eV, 0.7 eV, 1.0 eV and 1.4 eV, and the major electron trap depth was 0.50 eV below the conduction band, and the dark conductivities and the concentrations of the electron traps were reduced as the crystals were heat-treated in oxygen. And when the crystals were heat-treated in vacuum or in oxygen, it was found that the sensitivity of photocurrent at about 600 mμ was increased.
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Shoichiro Nomura
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2440-2452
Published: December 05, 1961
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The dielectric constant of NaNO
2 crystal was measured in a temperature range from r.t. to 200°C and in a frequency range from 60 to 10
6 cycles per second. It shows peak at 164.2°C in heating and at 162.6°C in cooling. Dielectric dispersion, similar to the one observed in other ferroelectrics, exists in all directions of the crystal principal axes in the paraelectric region as well as in the ferroelectric one. The spontaneous polarization was determined by the measurement of the pyroelectric current and the value was estimated to be
ca 8.6 μC/cm
2 at r.t.. The ferroelectricity in NaNO
2 was discussed in a phenomenological way, where the electrocaloric effect was taken into account. The free energy
F was expressed as a function of the polarization
P as
F=
A(
T−
T0)
P2+
BP4+
CP6, and the coefficients were determined by the dielectric properties as
A=1.22×10
−3°K
−1,
B=−0.3×10
−10 esu,
C=1.0×10
−19 esu and
T0=436.2°K. From the dielectric measurements, it is concluded that the transition in NaNO
2 is probably of the first kind. It was pointed out by the consideration about the atomic arrangement that the main contribution to the spontaneous polarization comes from the relative displacement between Na
+ and NO
−2 ions, and further that NaNO
2 crystal is a ferroelectric crystal which stands halfway between ionic and molecular crystal.
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Takashi Tsuchida, Yoji Nakamura, Mamoru Mekata, Junji Sakurai, Hideo T ...
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2453-2456
Published: December 05, 1961
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Measurements have been made of the electrical resistivity and the Hall constant of the carbides of the fourth and fifth group transition metals at room temperature in order to clarify the electronic structure of these compounds. The Hall coefficients are of the order of −10
−3 coul
−1 cm
3 for the fourth group carbides and of −10
−4 coul
−1 cm
3 for the fifth ones. Calculating the concentrations of the conduction electron on the basis of the one-band approximation, it was found that the conduction band may be almost empty for the fourth group carbides and may be occupied by about one electron per chemical formula unit for the fifth ones. The results may suggest that all these carbides have similar band structures to each other.
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Tokutaro Hirone, Shigeto Miura, Toshiro Suzuoka
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2456-2459
Published: December 05, 1961
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The diffusion coefficient of nickel in single-crystal of silver has been measured by the lathe-sectioning technique as a function of temperature throughout the range from 750°C to 950°C using radioactive isotope Ni
63 as a tracer. The results are expressed as follows:
D=(21.9)exp\left(−\frac54 800
RT\
ight) cm
2⁄sec.
The value of activation energy, 54.8 kcal/mole, obtained by the present experiment is in good agreement with the result of the screening theory of impurity diffusion.
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Tokumichi Tamai
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2459-2463
Published: December 05, 1961
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The diffusion of thallous ions into potassium bromide single crystals has been measured as a function of temperature. The thallous ions were introduced into the crystal by heating the latter in a vapor of thallium metal. Concentrations of thallous ions were measured by the height of the characteristic absorption band of a thallous ion in a potassium bromide crystal. This height varies linearly with the concentration of thallous ions. Activation energy of the diffusion was 1.98 eV.
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Tokumichi Tamai
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2463-2466
Published: December 05, 1961
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The diffusion of color centers into a KBr-Tl phosphor has been investigated during a coloring process in potassium vapor. Proceeding from the surface to the interior of the crystal, F-centers, complex centers, and Tl neutral centers were observed successively. The boundary between the crystal region containing these centers and the rest of the crystal containing only Tl
+ ion centers was very distinct. The depth of the front surface of diffusing Tl neutral centers was proportional to the square root of exposure time. Complex centers were composed of a Tl neutral center, a negative ion vacancy and an electron.
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Ikushi Yoshida, Shozo Sawada
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2467-2474
Published: December 05, 1961
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The thermal conductivity of sodium nitrite single crystals has been measured in the temperature range of 70∼190°C along the direction of three crystal axes. Thermal conductivities in the
b- and
a-directions show a gradual decrease on heating, over a rather wide temperature range of some fifty degrees below the transition temperature. This decrease has been analyzed as an additive thermal resistivity with the help of a measurement at lower temperatures. Any anomalous behavior has not been found in the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity in the
c-direction. A tentative model of the order-disorder arrangement of NO
2− radicals is proposed for the explanation of the origin of the additive thermal resistivity, in which uneven interatomic forces due to the disordered arrangement are considered as scattering centers of phonons. The predicted temperature dependence is in a qualitative accord with the experimental one.
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Hiroshi Nosé
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2475-2481
Published: December 05, 1961
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The excitation of spin wave resonance is investigated for various Ni films. The observation is possible only in the case of film prepared on the unheated glass substrate. It is sensitive to the inner crystalline structure of film. The exchange coupling constant
A in Ni film is estimated to be 0.75×10
−6 erg/cm and the exchange integral
J to be 9.4×10
−14 erg. Similarly Pd- and Cu-Ni alloy films are prepared. Their concentrations are determined. They are confirmed to have the nearly perfect structure by means of the electron diffraction. With increasing concentration of Pd and Cu, the value of
A decreases monotonously to as small as about 2/3 at 35% Pd and 1/5 at 22% Cu respectively. The exchange integrals of these alloys are, however, nearly constant. The temperature variations of
A and
J are investigated for some Cu-Ni alloy films. The values of
J are also invariant up to the Curie point.
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Akio Kobayashi, Koichi Sugiyama, Hikaru Arata, Zenjiro Oda
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2481-2486
Published: December 05, 1961
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Surface conductivity and Hall coefficient of germanium cleaned by ion-bombardment and subsequent annealing have been measured over the temperature range 1.5–300°K. The results indicate that donor levels are produced near the surface by ion-bombardment and are eliminated with subsequent annealing at 500°C in high vacuum making the surface space charge layer p-type. The density of the excess holes near the surface has a magnitude of 8×10
11 cm
−2 for an n-type of 8
Ω cm and 8.5×10
10 cm
−2 for a p-type of 20
Ω cm. Ion-bombardment gives rise to a small Hall maximum at low temperatures around 5°K. This maximum shifts to higher temperatures as annealing treatments are repeated and disappears if air is introduced. This maximum is attributed to holes of the order of 10
7 cm
−2 in the space charge layer.
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Shozo Sawada, Shoichiro Nomura, Yohko Asao
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2486-2494
Published: December 05, 1961
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The dielectric behavior of KNO
3 crystal was investigated. Mainly in its ferroelectric phase III, which appears in the temperature range of about 125∼115°C on cooling, the
D-
E hysteresis loop along the
c axis was observed by the usual Sawyer-Tower method using the 50 c/s
ac electric field, the pyroelectric current in this direction was measured by the usual galvanometer method and the dielectric constants along the three crystal axes were measured by a C-meter using the 100 kc/s
ac voltage. From the obtained results, the ferroelectricity in the phase III was discussed in relation with the motion of NO
3 groups.
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Hisatsugu Kashiwabara
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2494-2503
Published: December 05, 1961
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Molecular structures and the behaviours of the free radicals produced in irradiated polyethylene were investigated by means of electron spin resonance. ESR spectra of high polymers are, in general, so complicated that the identifications of h. f. s. of the spectral patterns observed are difficult. Rather reasonable interpretations were, however, made for polyethylene. Variations of spectral shape and spectral intensities at various temperatures were discussed in connection with the identification of the free radicals produced and some of the irradiation effects in polyethylene.
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Tikawo Tamura
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2503-2510
Published: December 05, 1961
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The various stages of growth of corona discharges in a point-to-point gap were photographed in a cloud chamber. The gas investigated was air (40∼400 Torr) and the condensing vapour was water.
On applying an exponentially decaying high voltage pulse, the first cloud track appears on the anode point as a “bead”, and grows to a “boss” and then, the positive streamers shoot out from a circular rim of this “boss”.
When the electric field is adequate a “bead” forms also on the cathode point and, when the electric field at the tip of the negative point becomes appropriately strong by approaching of a positive streamer or of an anode “boss”, a cathode streamer or “spike” dashes out from this “bead” to meet the positive streamer or the anode “boss” at a point one-fourth or one-third of the gap length from the anode. Then a filamentary conducting streamer starts from the anode.
As ion current passes, an air stream is formed near the point electrode causing the shape and position of the pre-onset streamers to be altered. When both air streams collide with each other a track figure of ring shape results.
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Kazuyuki Ogawa
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2510-2517
Published: December 05, 1961
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The gap of the anodic oscillator tube is described as a special type of dynatron oscillator. The characteristic capacitance
C0 and inductance
L0 of the oscillating gap, being the order of 10
−3μf and 10
−1∼10
−2H respectively, are determined from the frequency change caused by adding externally a variable condenser or inductor. The dynatron-type negative conductance comes principally from the transient ionization in the anode sheath. The behaviors of the quantities characterizing the oscillation such as the amplitude, the frequency, and the wave form can be explained systematically. The brief discussion about the physical meaning of
C0 and
L0 is also given.
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Tsuneo Amano
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2517-2525
Published: December 05, 1961
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The particle orbits in a corrugated magnetic field having neutral points, at which the magnitude of the field vanishes, are studied. An axially symmetric case is treated in detail and the effect of the curvature is also considered. It is shown that the charged particles do not escape from the neutral points when they are situated several Larmor radii inside the line of force which passes through the neutral points.
The possibility of the confinement of a hot plasma in a general corrugated field including the case studied previously by Kadomtsev is discussed.
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Riso Kato
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2525-2533
Published: December 05, 1961
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The reflection spectrum of LiF single crystal was measured in the extreme ultraviolet region at room temperature. The Kramers-Kronig relation was applied to derive the optical constants
n and κ from the reflectivity. The maximum absorption coefficient and the peak position of the first fundamental band were determined to be 2.2±0.1×10
6 cm
−1 and 12.7±0.1 ev respectively. Variations of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant in the given region were analysed by the quantum-mechanical analogue of the Lorentz dispersion formulas and the oscillator strength of the first fundamental band was determined to be 0.4±0.05/molecule. The value supports the excitation model of the exciton discussed by Dexter on NaCl. Experiments and discussions are also described on the effect of hydrolysis of LiF.
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Kiyoshi Murakawa
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2533-2537
Published: December 05, 1961
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According to the theory of Sternheimer, it can be written
Q=(1+
Δ)
Q′, in which
Q is the true quadrupole moment and
Q′ is the apparent quadrupole moment obtained by spectroscopic means neglecting the shielding effect;
Δ is the so-called shielding correction or core correction. The author obtained in a previous work
Δ=−0.6 for 5
d26
s4F3⁄2 of La I. In the present work
Δ=−0.6 and −0.7 were obtained for 5
d26
s4F9⁄2 and
4F7⁄2 respectively of La I. They agree with the value for
4F3⁄2 within experimental error.
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Yûkichi Nomura, Kasaburô Harumi
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2537-2543
Published: December 05, 1961
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The solutions of the wave equation for a membrane bounded by fixed two eccentric circles are obtained. By the aid of the addition theorem of the Bessel functions, the boundary condition on two circles is reduced to a set of homogeneous simultaneous linear equations, from which eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained in power series of
d (the distance between two centers). Some numerical results are obtained to the order of
d6 or
d4.
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Shigeki Morioka
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2544-2550
Published: December 05, 1961
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In order to find some effects of compressibility on the flow of a conducting gas past a magnetized body, the two-dimensional, steady flow of a weakly conducting gas past a plane wall containing a magnetic dipole, the axis of which is placed parallel to the wall, is considered on the basis of the small perturbation theory. The boundary value problem in terms of perturbation velocity is formulated and solved for subsonic and supersonic flows. In subsonic flow of a comparatively small Mach number, the drag and moment depend only on a parameter
N, where
N=
RmS,
Rm is the magnetic Reynolds number and
S is the pressure number. In supersonic flow, the velocity distribution on the wall is not monotonus, and becomes more irregular as the Mach number approaches unity.
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Koshun Takaku
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2550-2560
Published: December 05, 1961
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Using the solution of the equations of elastic motion of the spherical symmetric inhomogeneous medium, we have obtained the expressions of the ray and the diffracted waves. They have a simple form and clear physical meanings even if the medium has considerably complicated inhomogeneity.
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Mitsuru Awano
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2560-2566
Published: December 05, 1961
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In order to improve the accuracy of gas thermometry, use of a large bore precision manometer for pressure measurent is contemplated. The loss of accuracy by large dead space inherent to large bore manometer is covered by isolating the manometer with mercury seal in a small U-tube. Between this U-tube and the manometer an auxiliary gas bulb is provided with which the manometer can be set at any desired pressure. Thus, in temperature measurement, the manometer is first set at the pressure calculated for the expected temperature, then the mercury is withdrawn from the U-tube allowing the free passage of gas between the manometer and thermometer bulb. The difference in pressure, if any, before and after the withdrawal of the mercury is read. From this difference, accurate gas pressure is deduced with the least worries about the dead space. An example carried out by this method is shown.
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Akira Miyahara
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2567-2573
Published: December 05, 1961
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A power klystron amplifier and its driver system for a 6 MeV linear electron accelerator are described. The klystron is evacuated during its running by specially designed two oil diffusion pumps connected in series. Without using a liquid nitrogen trap the klystron works stable with the peak power output of 2–3 MW. The average life of the oxidecoated cathode was more than 500 hours. In order to keep a good frequency stability a feed back oscillator with an invar cavity and a travelling wave tube is used as a master oscillator. The output of this oscillator is 1–2 W at a frequency of 2759 Mc, with the fluctuation being less than 20 kc. The output signal of the oscillator is amplified by a pulsed travelling wave tube amplifier to drive the power klystron.
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Sh\={u}ji Fukui, Sigenori Miyamoto
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2574-2585
Published: December 05, 1961
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The discharge chamber is one of the particle detectors which are based on gaseous discharge. The chamber can give a visual indication of the particle tracks. It consists of glass boxes filled with neon and argon gas mixture at atomospheric pressure. The operating conditions and other characteristics are presented and discussed.
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Shinichi Nakashima
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2586
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Akira Ikushima, Taira Suzuki
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2587-2588
Published: December 05, 1961
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Koziro Narita, Tatsuo Shimizu
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2588
Published: December 05, 1961
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Muneyuki Date, Junjiro Kanamori, Masashi Tachiki
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2589
Published: December 05, 1961
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Masakazu Shoji
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2590-2591
Published: December 05, 1961
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Takasi Okada, Takao Kano, Yozo Sasaki
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2591
Published: December 05, 1961
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Fujio Saito
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2592-2593
Published: December 05, 1961
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Takuro Ikeda, Yoichi Tanaka, Hiroo Toyoda
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2593-2594
Published: December 05, 1961
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Takuji Yanabu, Sukeaki Yamashita, Teruo Nakamura, Kunio Takamatsu, Aki ...
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2594-2595
Published: December 05, 1961
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Masakazu Shoji
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2596
Published: December 05, 1961
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Masakatsu Sakisaka, Michio Tomita
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2597-2598
Published: December 05, 1961
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W. B. Muir
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2598
Published: December 05, 1961
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F. T. Hedgcock, W. B. Muir
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2599-2600
Published: December 05, 1961
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Yasuhiro Miyake, Jiro Furuichi
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2600A
Published: December 05, 1961
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“For example” of the footnote should be shifted to the reference, i.e.,
1) For example, D. Streeter and R. Boyer, and so on.
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Yasuhiro Miyake
1961 Volume 16 Issue 12 Pages
2600B
Published: December 05, 1961
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