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Shotaro Yamabe, Minoru Takeda, Michiya Kondo, Syohei Kato, Takashi Yam ...
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
729-735
Published: May 05, 1962
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The angular distributions of elastically scattered protons for fifteen elements at 57 MeV and for two elements at 52 MeV were measured. For some of these elements the left-right asymmetries of double scattering were also measured.
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Katsufusa Shoda, Ken Abe, Takeo Ishizuka, Nobuaki Kawamura, Motoharu K ...
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
735-745
Published: May 05, 1962
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Photoproton cross sections for Mg, Al
27, Si
28 and S
32 were measured using a betatron. A vacuum chamber with six detectors, each of which consists of a ZnS(Ag) scintillator and a photomultiplier, was used for the detection of photoprotons. The protons having larger energies than about 1.5 Mev were measured. The obtained yield curves were converted into the cross sections by Penfold-Leiss’ method.
The results are as follows: the giant resonance energies are 20, 20, 19.7 and 19.3 Mev for Mg, Al
27, Si
28 and S
32 respectively: the widths at half maximum are 6, 7, 4 and 6 Mev; the integrated cross sections up to 23 Mev are 0.070, 0.11, 0.14 and 0.26 Mev-barns.
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Tuneo Matano
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
745-754
Published: May 05, 1962
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The lateral distribution of μ mesons in extensive air showers (EAS), their energy spectrum and the relation between the total number of μ mesons and that of charged particles have been studied utilizing the accurate informations of EAS. The total number of μ mesons in each EAS fluctuates over a range of one order of magnitude in a given size. The lateral distribution of μ mesons does not seem to fluctuate in spite of the fluctuation of the starting point of EAS.
The experimental results have been compared with the calculation based on a simple model of development of EAS. It is concluded that the attenuation length of the nuclear active particles which correspond to μ mensons with the average energy of about 10 Bev is (200∼250) g cm
−2 in air.
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M. P. Hemkar, S. K. Joshi
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
754-758
Published: May 05, 1962
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The vibrational spectrum of lithium and its specific heat are calculated using Bhatia’s three force constant model for monovalent metals. The calculations are made with two sets of elastic constants, one with those measured at 78°K and the other with Fuchs’ calculated values at absolute zero. The calculated specific heat and the values of Debye characteristic temperature are compared with the experimental data. It is found that the calculations based on the elastic data at 78°K give better agreement at higher temperatures while those from elastic constants at absolute zero agree better at lower temperatures.
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Akira Sugiyama, Tutomu Inoue
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
759-766
Published: May 05, 1962
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The theory of surface for a free electron metal given by one of the authors is applied to the nuclear surface, and the expressions for the energy and the effective position of the nuclear surface are obtained in terms of the phase shift of free nucleon waves.
The present expressions have the following properties; 1) the expression for surface energy is equivalent to that of Swiatecki in the one-particle approximation, 2) the expressions are reduced to those of the Thomas-Fermi approximation when the phase shift is calculated to the first approximation of the W-K-B method, and 3) the expressions serve test for the validity of some of improved formulae for the Thomas-Fermi approximation.
Calculated surface energy for a potential barrier with reasonable thickness is less than the half of the empirical surface energy, almost independently of the details of the potential.
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Yoshiichi Fukuda
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
766-769
Published: May 05, 1962
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By using the scattering matrix, the effects of impurities on the vibration of linear lattice are studied. It can be shown that this treatment is equivalent to that using transfer matrix. In the present treatment, however, some simple formulas are obtained for the frequencies of localized modes.
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Akikazu Shibata
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
770-778
Published: May 05, 1962
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Starting from an equation of internal emission current, a phenomenological analysis of Esaki effect was made by the introduction of a concept of the availability of empty states in a band to which an electron tunnels. An assumption in the calculation of a tunneling current may not be valid at very low temperatures. Agreement with experiments was found on the tunneling current densities of both Ge and GaAs
p–
n junctions and the temperature and the bias dependences of the tunneling current. The investigation of the excess current indicated that a thermally activated process might exist.
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Hiroshi Iwasaki
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
779-784
Published: May 05, 1962
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The phase diagram of the system (1-
x) NaNbO
3 xKTaO
3 is determined by means of the dielectric constant measurements,
x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis.
In the solid solutions with the composition range of
x>0.1, the homogeneous phases appear. The Curie point, i.e. the transition point from cubic to tetragonal phase, varies linearly from 360°C (
x=0.1) to −120°C (
x=0.8) with increasing value of
x. The other transition temperature from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase also decreases linearly from 240°C to −140°C.
In the range of 0.025\lesssim
x<0.1, a heterogeneous phase, consisting of the mixture of the ferroelectric and the antiferroelectric compounds, appears. The dielectric constant vs. temperature curve in this range shows two peaks at 360°C and 340°C. It was confirmed that these two anomalies correspond to the transition of both end compound of the heterogeneous phase, i.e.
x≈0.1 and
x≈0.025.
in the range of
x<0.025, the other homogeneous antiferroelectric phase appears.
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Yo Mita
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
784-787
Published: May 05, 1962
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For the purpose of obtaining ZnS single crystals the growth from several inorganic salts was examined. Among these salts KCl was most adequate. Using this as flux needle-like crystals as large as 1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were obtained as well as thin flat crystals of about 4 mm in diameter. Most crystals were of wurtzite structure. In needle-like crystals c-axis was parallel to the needle-axis and in flat crystals it was vertical to the flat surface. The content of potassium in these crystals was determined to lie between 0.1 to 0.4 atomic percent.
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Motokazu Hirono
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
788-795
Published: May 05, 1962
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The harmonic cross relaxation mainly due to the interaction of neighboring three spins has been studied under the moment method in succession to the previous paper. It is shown that in the absence of exchange interaction the shape functions of the relaxation are nearly Gaussian the frequency widths of which are much greater than those of magnetic resonance absorption. The rate of relaxation is calculated in cases of
S=1, and 3/2. The observed cross relaxation times in ruby are compared with the theoretical values given by an approximate method. It is shown that the experimental results are at least numerically interpreted by the flipping of spins due to the dipole-dipole interaction between ions except for those estimated to be closely coupled by exchange interaction.
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Mamoru Mekata
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
796-803
Published: May 05, 1962
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In order to obtain some informations on the electronic structure of Mn
4N, the magnetic properties of Mn
4N compounds, partially substituted by In and Sn respectively, are studied by a newly devised magnetic torsion balance. These compounds show very complicated temperature- and composition-dependences of saturation magnetization and have the magnetic susceptibilities nearly independent of temperature at far above the Curie temperatures. Moreover, the composition dependence of the magnetic moment varies remarkably with the species of substituent metals. These facts may be explained in terms of an intuitive band scheme which leads to the variation of the magnetic moment on each sublattice with temperature. The band scheme of γ-Mn is also discussed in connection with that of Mn
4N.
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Fumio Okamoto, Takuro Koike, Soitiro Tosima
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
804-807
Published: May 05, 1962
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Details of the magneto-oscillatory plasma effect in N-type germanium (the Oscillistor) have been investigated by using potential probes on the sides of the Oscillistor specimen. The dependence of the oscillations on the angle between the magnetic and electric fields was also examined.
The experimental results give strong evidence for the existence of the helical plasma instability as predicted by Glicksman’s theory. Oscillations in the current through the plasma are observed only when a transverse component of the magnetic field is applied. The mechanism of the current oscillation is not well understood but is closely related to the helical instability. Further study, both experimental and theoretical, is now in progress to clarify this mechanism.
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Masaharu Inoue
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
808-819
Published: May 05, 1962
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Landau levels and their eigenfunctions are calculated for the band model of Slonczewsky and Weiss by using Kohn-Luttinger’s method. Owing to the interband effect, the energy levels do not agree with semiclassical energy levels. The theory of cyclotron resonance absorption is developed on the basis of obtained energy levels and eigenfunctions. Taking into account the incompleteness of circular polarization of microwave in the experiment done by Galt, Yager and Dail, an alternative interpretation of cyclotron resonance experiment is presented. It is shown that the values of
kz which give absorption peaks are
kz=0 for holes and
E2=
E3 for electrons, instead of Nozières’s interpretation. The values γ
02⁄γ
1=31 eV and γ
02⁄
Ef=317 eV are obtained for band parameters to fit the experimental data. The possibility of determining γ
1 directly from magneto-optical effect is also discussed.
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Yasuhiro Shinnaka
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
820-828
Published: May 05, 1962
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The disordered structure (phase I) above the ferroelectric Curie point (
ca. 125°C) in KNO
3 was studied by analysing X-ray diffuse scattering. The single crystal was prepared by slow cooling from the melt in a small glass tube which was mounted on the sample holder of a camera. The observed intensity distribution of the diffuse scattering in reciprocal space was characterized by six diffuse maxima observed around each reciprocal lattice point. From its analysis a characteristic arrangement, in which two kinds of “micro-domains” whose polar axes are antiparallel are alternately stacked in the direction
A,
B or −(
A+
B), was proposed as basic arrangement. It was found that the local tendency to take such an arrangement was strong especially when the coexistence of the phase I and the ferroelectric phase III took place, and that such a tendency decreased gradually with the increase of temperature.
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Jimpei Harada, Yasuzi Kashiwase
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
829-838
Published: May 05, 1962
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The effect of aspherical electron distribution on the atomic scattering factor for electrons was studied. General formulae of atomic scattering factors
fe(
s) for electrons and
fX(
s) for X-rays were derived on the basis of Weiss and Freeman’s method of calculation [J. Phys. Chem. Solids
10 (1959) 147]. In the case of electron scattering the value of \displaystylelim
s→0fe(
s) depends on the direction along which
s tend to the limit. The anisotropies of
fe(
s) and
fX(
s) due to
p-electrons in atoms of the second period of the periodic table were compared.
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Zensho Ishii
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
838-846
Published: May 05, 1962
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An arrangement is proposed for X-ray diffraction microscopy using the anomalous transmission effect, in which the photographic plate is placed apart from the crystal in order to separate images due to the
Kα doublet. This technique is practically convenient and gives the resolution of the image as high as 6 μ. By this technique, some observations were made on dislocations in Ge single crystals; (i) subsidiary maxima and minima were found along some dislocation images; (ii) dependence of the diffuseness of the image on the distance from the incident surface was studied in detail; (iii) dependence of the intensity contrast on the geometrical relation of Burgers vector to the reflecting net plane was confirmed. Furthermore, dislocation lines were observed in the overlapping region of two different reflections.
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Shoichi Annaka
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
846-853
Published: May 05, 1962
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The amount of temperature diffuse scattering of X-rays contained in Laue-Bragg spots is calculated for the rotating crystal method. Simple correction formulae are obtained for experiments with Geiger-Müller counters and photographic films. For the (006) reflection of NaCl and the (\bar409) reflection of anthracene, corrections for this effect are estimated to be 8.4% and 28% respectively in typical experimental conditions.
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Osamu Aono
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
853-864
Published: May 05, 1962
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Considering the binary collision effects and the many-body correlation effects simultaneously, one makes it unnecessary to introduce the cut-off procedure to avoid the divergence of cross sections. The energy loss rate
P of a charged particle moving fast through the plasma is obtained as follows:
P=\frac
q2ω
02vln\frac2μ
v3γ|
q|
eω
0,
where lnγ=0.577, Euler’s constant,
q,
v are the charge, speed of the moving particle, and ω
0, μ, −
e are the frequency of plasma oscillation, reduced mass, and charge of the electron, respectively. The rate
R of the relaxation between ion and electron temperatures is
R=
R0ln\frac
aT2Ze2k2,
R0=\frac83(
n1+
n2)\frac
m2m1\left(\frac
Ze2T2\
ight)
2\left(\frac2π
T2m2\
ight)
1⁄2,
k2=(4π
n2e2⁄
T2)
1⁄2,
ln
a=−1⁄2+2ln(2⁄γ)=−0.268,
where
m1,
n1,
Ze are the mass, number density and charge of the ion, and
m2,
n2,
T2 are the mass, number density, and temperature of the electron.
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Shuji Yamada
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
865-869
Published: May 05, 1962
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A method by which
90Sr activity in water can be detected at a concentration of about 10
−7μ c/cc has been obtained by using Cerenkov radiation from the water itself. For detecting such a low activity, a large detecting volume is required. Cerenkov radiation is very effective for the purpose, because the path length of Cerenkov radiation induced by beta ray is extremely large (about 15 cm for
32P beta ray) as compared with that of the beta ray in water. In the experimental apparatus having a 8 litre detecting volume, the background was found to be 420 cpm with a normal statistical fluctuation. The minimum activity level that can be detected reliably under the presence of the background was 8×10
−8μ c/cc for
90Sr.
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Tomonao Miyadai
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
870-871
Published: May 05, 1962
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Taeko Nishikubo, Kazuko Motizuki
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
871-872
Published: May 05, 1962
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Tosiro Tomotika
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
872-873
Published: May 05, 1962
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Kenzo Tanaka, Tsuneo Seto, Tetsuhiko Hara
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
873-874
Published: May 05, 1962
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Kenji Matsuura, Yoshio Inuishi
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
874-875
Published: May 05, 1962
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Hidesuke Yadaka, Takashi Harada, Eiji Hirahara
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
875-876
Published: May 05, 1962
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Jinzo Kobayashi, Noboru Yamada
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
876-878
Published: May 05, 1962
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Tadasi Numata
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
878-879
Published: May 05, 1962
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Keizo Ohta, Masani Hoshino, Yasumasa Araki
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
879-880
Published: May 05, 1962
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K. Komatsubara, H. Kurono
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
880-881
Published: May 05, 1962
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Makoto Kikuchi, Yutaka Abe
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
881-882
Published: May 05, 1962
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Kiichi Komatsubara, Hirokazu Kurono
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
883-884
Published: May 05, 1962
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Akihiro Môri
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
884-885
Published: May 05, 1962
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Eizo Otsuka, Stephen M. Day
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
885-886
Published: May 05, 1962
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T. Kohane, B. D. Silverman
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
886A
Published: May 05, 1962
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The demominator in the second of equations (2) on P. 249 should read
e−(Δ+ε)⁄kT+1
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Yoshio Toyoda
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
886B
Published: May 05, 1962
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Tatsuo Arikawa, Hajime Higaki, Sachiomi Kaneko, Giiti Iwata, Goro Miya ...
1962 Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages
886C
Published: May 05, 1962
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Figure 4 should be turned upside down.
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