The effects of movement of 12 milking cows from stanchion barn to free stall barn on performance of cow and milking work were studied.
1) After one month of movement, body weights of cows retuned to the level of 2 month before. But it took for 2 month for the recovery of milk yield.
2) The somatic cell counts (SCC) were quickly increased soon after movement. After 2 month, SCC returned to the level before movement.
3) After movement, frequencies of excretion faeces and urine in milking parlour increased remarkably, and after one month they became similar as before. The number of cow, which showed the reluxed figure with her head up during milking, reached 9 per 13 after 1.5 months, and this correspounded to the decrease of frequencies of excretion. Naildisease were decreased after 2 month.
4) It took 2 week that both milking cows and workers to be accustomed to milking parlour system.
From these resulrs, it seems that the effects of movement of milking cows on milking work remained for 2 week, but productive response remainded for 2 month.

抄録全体を表示

Also in dairy farming, mechanization has advanced, but milking is a still routine work requiring much manpower. In this study, it was attempted to evaluate labor burdens by examining working posture, heart rate and breathing count in milking routines of the pipeline system and the rotary milking parlor.
1) The posture characteristic in the pipeline system was knees bent at an angle of 40-50° while the milking unit was being attached or removed. Backbone was bent at the waist at an angle of 40° when taking a cleaning towel from the cart. When attaching the unit to the milk-tap, an upper arm was raised at a horizontal angle of 90° or more.
2) The angles of knee and waist did not shift largely in the parlor system, but the frequencies that raise an upper arm at an angle of 50° or more were higher than in the pipeline system.
3) Changes in energy consumption during the milking routine, as calculated by examining heart rate, were fewer in the parlor system than in the pipeline system. In the pipeline system, RMR and the increase in heart rate were higher with averages of 5.3 and 1.7, respectively, comparing 3.7 and 1.3 in the parlor system. Because energy consumptions changed during the routine work and progressively increased as it progressed, the labor burden in the pipeline system is evaluated to be heavier than that of the parlor system.

抄録全体を表示

Tuberous roots of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) contain a large amount of oligofructans. So they draw great attention as a healthful diet. Processed food of tuberous roots and tea of foliages are commercially sold already. But reports on cultivation of yacon are few, influence of planting depth of seed tubers on growth and yield not yet tested. Tested were the planting depth of seed tubers in ridges 25cm high.
Three planting depths: 5cm, 10cm and 15cm were tested. Each plot had three replications.
Results as follows:
1) Growth of main stem was least in the 5cm plot.
2) Top dry weight per plant was 196.4g, 215.3g and 223.5g in 5cm, 10cm and 15cm plots respectively.
3) Yield of tuberous roots per plant was 1413.0g, 1525.7g and 1269.6g in 5cm, 10cm and 15cm plots respectively. Yield of tuberous roots over 100g per plant was 970.1g, 1142.0g and 914.2g in each plots.
4) Percentage of tuberous roots over 300g was least in the 15cm plot.
5) Gaseous phase ratio at planting depth at harvest time was 55.08%, 47.14% and 38.17% in 5cm, 10cm and 15cm plots respectively.
6) In ridges 25cm high, 10cm should be the suitable planting depth for yacon seed tubers.

抄録全体を表示

To assess the degree of safety to the machine operators, we checked into the conditions of cut grass and pebbles scattered in operation of two types of bush cutter, one the cutter with a specially designed fixed (stationary) blade and the other an ordinary blade of 8-tooth and nylon wire. The major results obtained are summarized as follows.
1) After mowing Digitaria adscendens Henr. in the experiment, were checked into the traces of cut pieces of the grass and the grass juice left on the operator's clothes. In the use of nylon wire cutter, which cuts the grass with centrifugal force, the traces were conspicous on the operator's waist and below. In 30 minute operation, operator's right and left knees accounted for about 80% of the entire area of the traces(trace area of cut objects cm²/100cm²). In the use of the cutter with a fixed blade and an ordinary 8-tooth blade, scattering of the cut grass was less. Scattering was much less (ratio of trace area 0.1%) with the fixed blade cutter which is designed to reduce the rotating speed of the cutter blade to about 1/3 of that of an ordinary blade.
2) Scattering of ceramic triangular pyramids (DIN specification) from the fixed blade cutter was less than that of an ordinary 8-tooth blade. The result is due to the lower rotating speed of the cutter blade of the former cutter and also to the crushed objects being contained or being prevented from scattering by the fixed blade.
3) Scattering direction tended to be in the left side of the operator with all of the fixed blade cutter, an ordinary 8-tooth blade and nylon wire cutter. Scattering density number of scattered objects in the operator's position with the fixed blade cutter was down to half (1/2) of that of an ordinary 8-tooth blade and nylon wire cutter.
4) Scattering height with the fixed blade cutter and an ordinary 8-tooth blade cutter was less than 50cm. Scattering density at each designated height in the operator's position was lower for the fixed blade cutter than that of an ordinary 8-tooth blade cutter which leads us to determine that the danger from scattered objects decreases in using the former type of the machine.

抄録全体を表示