The Review of Laser Engineering
Online ISSN : 1349-6603
Print ISSN : 0387-0200
ISSN-L : 0387-0200
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Volume 31, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Special Issue on Mid-Infrared Free Electron Laser and Its Application Research
Special Issue
Laser Review
  • Preface to the Special Issue on Mid-Infrared Free Electron Laser and Its Application Research
    Kunio AWAZU
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 791-792
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.791
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Development of Infrared Free-Electron Lasers
    Tetsuo YAMAZAKI
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 793-798
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.793
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    A review is made of the principle and recent development of free-electron lasers (FELs) with emphasis on applications in the infrared wavelength region. Technologies of FEL generation have become mature, and now, it is time to expand the application areas.
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  • Application of Mid-Infrared Free-Electron Laser to Proteomics Research
    Yasuhide NAITO, Kunio AWAZU
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 799-804
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.799
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    As an emerging field of molecular biology, proteomics gives a great impact on pharmaceutics, medicine and life science. The objectives of proteomics include protein identification and quantification, profiling of expression dynamics and localization, mapping of post-translational modifications, and probing of protein-ligand interactions. Because of tremendous complexity and diversity of protein world, proteomics requires high-throughput analytical technologies, which basically consist of gel electrophoresis, in-gel digestion, mass spectrometry and bio-informatics based on genome database. There are two aspects in which mid-infrared free-electron laser (MIR-FEL) can facilitate proteomics study: being used as a desorption laser in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and as an activation laser in infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD). This commentary article describes how MIR-FEL can be of benefit to proteomics, and indicates an ideal approach utilizing MIR-FEL to the goal of proteomics.
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  • Medical Application Research Using a Mid-Infrared Free Electron Laser
    Manabu HEYA, Takeyuki UCHIZONO, Shu SANO, Katsunori ISHII, Yumiko IWAM ...
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 805-810
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.805
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    A mid-infrared Free Electron Laser (MIR-FEL) has potentials for medical application research. The MIR-FEL has great two advantages: (1) tunability and (2) double pulse structure. The Osaka MIR-FEL is tunable from 5 to 17 μm, and produces a macropulse, composed of a train of micropulses, each approximately 5 ps long and separated by 44.8 ns. (1) Since there exist main absorbers such as water, protein, and apatite in the tissue, wavelength tunability leads to a choice of the primary absorber. (2) Laser-tissue interactions are mainly determined by the power density of the laser used. Therefore the interactions can be precisely controlled by a combination of the energy density and pulse duration of the macropulse, and the repetition rate of the micropulse. Thus, the MIR-FEL can carefully optimize the laser conditions for a non-invasive treatment without accompanying side and adverse effects by individually controlling the FEL parameters (wavelength, power density, repetition rate).
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  • A New Technology of the Alignment Control of Liquid Crystals Using Infrared Laser
    Yo SHIMIZU, Hirosato MONOBE, Kunio AWAZU
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 811-817
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.811
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    It was recently found that an alignment change of a columnar mesophase is induced by infrared laser incidence via vibrational excitation of a chemical bond constructing the molecular frame of mesogen. The new domain is quite stable to stand for several hours at the temperature. This phenomenon was not observed for conventional rod-like liquid crystals with relatively less viscous order of molecules such as nematic, smectic A and smectic C phases, indicating the strong anchoring force of the substrate surface is predominant for the alignment behavior. A relation in direction between the polarization of incidence and the transition dipole of the selected vibrational mode of the chemical bond was recognized. The present status of studies on alignment control of highly ordered mesophases is briefly shown with a simple introduction of liquid crystals and with studies on photoinduced alignment control in these years.
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  • Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors under MIR FEL Excitation
    Nobuya MORI
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 818-823
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.818
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    Free electron lasers have unique advantages; wide-range wavelength tunability, ultrashort pulse operation and intense peak power. The high-power coherent laser beam in the mid-infrared (MIR) region provides unique opportunities to investigate carrier dynamics in semiconductors. Band-gap luminescence from a variety of compound semiconductors has been observed with an intense MIR radiation beam being directed to the samples. The band-gap luminescence is attributed to impact-ionization following scattering-induced free-electron heating.
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  • Isotope Separation of Silicon by Use of Mid-Infrared Free Electron Laser
    Keiji NOMARU, Haruo KURODA
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 824-828
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.824
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    Mid-infrared free electron laser (MIR-FEL) is an attractive light source for laser isotope separation because of its wavelength tunability and high output pulse energy. Several demonstrations have already done in the world FEL facilities. In this review, the recent results of isotope separation by use of MIR-FEL are described with our experimental result of silicon isotope separation by use of phenyltrifluorosilane.
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  • Near-Field Infrared Microspectroscopy for Chemical Imaging
    Satoshi KAWATA, Yasushi INOUYE
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 829-834
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.829
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    Near-field optical microscopy provides us with super-resolving capability of optical and spectroscopic imaging/sensing by confining photons within a much smaller region than their wavelength. In this article, we review near-field infrared microscopy and spectroscopy for chemical analysis and imaging of materials at nanometric scale. After brief introduction to near-field optics, key elements for realization of near-field IR microscopy are described. Then, we show several experimental results of near-field IR spectroscopy using a several kinds of IR light sources and near-field probes. Possibility for application of FEL to near-field IR spectroscopy is also discussed.
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Laser Original
  • Mass Spectrometry of Bio-Molecule by UV/FEL Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
    Sachiko YOSHIHASHI-SUZUKI, Yasuhide NAITO, Katsunori ISHII, Kunio AWAZ ...
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 835-840
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.835
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    Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is a powerful and robust tool for protein identification. We proposed a novel MALDI method (UV/FEL MALDI) based on simultaneous irradiation of a nitrogen laser (UV) and a free electron laser (FEL) to perform selective ionization, improving sensitivity and extending the upper limit of detectable molecular weight. Simultaneous exposure of UV and FEL showed some advantages over conventional MALDI cases. First, tuning FEL to an absorption wavelength of the matrix advanced the ionization efficiency. Second, multimers of keratin were observed up to approximately 900 kDa. These results suggest that UV/FEL-MALDI can be a more effective method for functional analysis of macromolecules and supramolecules of proteins than conventional used of MALDI.
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  • Cholesterol Removal Using a MIR Free Electron Laser in an Atherosclerotic Region
    Yuko FUKAMI, Sachiko YOSHIHASHI-SUZUKI, Kunio AWAZU
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 841-848
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.841
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    In order to estimate the optimum laser conditions for efficient dissociation of cholesterol ester in an arterio-sclerotic region of blood vessels, we have investigated the relationship between the laser parameters and cholesterol ester dissociation using a MIR free electron laser (FEL). In this study, cholesteryl oleate, a typical cholesterol ester found in arteriosclerotic regions, was irradiated with 5.75-μm-FELs, which is known to cause vibration of ester bonds. The following results were obtained. (1) Ester dissociation depended upon the absorption coefficient. The macropulse duration was shorter than the thermal relaxation time, showing that the ester bonds dissociated into carboxylic acid and cholesterol by macropulse-induced thermal effects without accompanying thermal diffusion. (2) Using a wavelength of 5.75 μm, the maximum ester dissociation ratio was achieved under the optimum laser conditions of a macropulse energy density greater than 0.4 J/cm2. (3) 5.75-μm-FEL was estimated to dissociate cholesterol ester under endothelial cells without thermal damage.
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  • Characteristics of MIR-FEL Induced-Sound in Biological Tissues
    Yuichi HASHISHIN, Masashi YAMAMOTO
    2003 Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 849-853
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.849
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    In this paper, we examine the pressure level and the wave form, which is the sound produced when incising biological tissue using a TEA-CO2 laser and a Middle-Infrared Free Electron Laser (MIR-FEL). The laser induced-sound pressure level is measured using a transducer with sensitivity in the range of 20 Hz to 70 kHz. We investigated the characteristics of sounds produced by the incision of soft and hard biological tissue using a laser. Focusing on the surface of the gelatin sample (a soft tissue), specifically on the water content at the point of incision, we estimated the water content from the surface electrical resistance, and found that there is a clear correlation between with the sound pressure level and the water content. Furthermore, we studied the FEL induced-sound of a wavelength around 10 μm for a hard biological tissue (a bone). As for the induced-sound wave form, we discovered that it was different to the result by the wavelength. This research is discussed in terms of the development of a photo-acoustic monitoring system for a safe, reliable laser scalpel and laser coagulation device.
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