The Review of Laser Engineering

Special Issue on New Trends of Advanced Laser Microscopy

Special Issue

Laser Reviews

Preface to the Special Issue on New Trends of Advanced Laser Microscopy

Yoshimasa KAWATA

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 368-369
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.368

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Realtime Nonlinear-Optical Microscopy for Observing Biological Cells

Katsumasa FUJITA, Osamu NAKAMURA

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 370-374
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.370

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The recent development of ultrashort pulse lasers emitting light in the near infrared region has enabled us to induce nonlinear optical effects in living biological cells. The use of nonlinear optical effects in microscopy provides high spatial resolution in three dimensions and low phototoxicity. In this paper, we describe two microscopes, for two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG), that are expected to be useful tools for observing biological cell activities. We also present the use of multifocus illumination in both TPF and SHG microscopes where scanning speed of a specimen can be as high as 3ms/frame. The optical setup and experimental results of observing living HeLa cells and rat cardiomyocytes are shown.

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Development of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy

Mamoru HASHIMOTO

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 375-379
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.375

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New multiphoton microscopy using CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering) spectroscopy is described. In CARS microscopy, the image of molecular vibration that is sensitive to the molecular spices and conformation is obtainable without staining with three-dimensional resolution of sub-micrometer. In this article, optical property of CARS microscopy by the diffraction theory and the developed system using a picosecond tunable laser are described. The multi-focus excitation using a rotating-microlens array enables high speed spectral imaging.

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Two-Photon Microscopy for the Observation of Internal Defects in Semiconductor Crystals in Three-Dimensions

Yoshimasa KAWATA

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 380-383
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.380

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We present a method of three-dimensional observation of internal defects in semiconductor crystals for blue lasers by use of two-photon process. We excite photoluminescence by using two-photon process. Since semiconductor materials have intrinsically high absorption in the short-wavelength region, the excitation light of photoluminescence is largely absorbed by the crystals. It is difficult to observe defects in deep regions. Two-photon excitation can overcome this limitation because near-infrared light is absorbed at only the focused point. The excitation light can penetrate into the deep retions of the crystal. We succeeded in observing defects in a ZnSe crystal 200 μm below the crystal surface.

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Functional Study of Live Cells by Laser Trapping Technique

Susumu TERAKAWA, Takashi TSUBOI

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 384-387
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.384

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We tested a hypothesis that water ejection takes place in the secretory cell. A micro bead was held at about 1μm distant from the cell surface by laser trapping with a 1064 nm light, and the position of the bead was measured by DIC imaging with a visible light. A series of small displacements of the bead was detected transiently upon stimulation of the cell, indicating repetitive occurrences of volume flow. The water ejection from endocrine cell detected by the present technique has a significant role in the exocytotic release of hormones.

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Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool to Study Dynamic Processes on a Single-Molecule Level

Klaus WEISSHART

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 388-391
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.388

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Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) allows the spatial, temporal and spectral resolution of single particles or an ensemble of molecules, and has made it possible to study processes that otherwise are obscured in the average properties of the system. Extremely rare events, as well as fast chemical and diffusion driven processes, can be investigated, and the reactions of molecules can be followed in time. For the optical detection of fluorescence-tagged molecules, FCS uses the typical confocal setup of a laser scanning microscope.

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Recent Trends in the Molecular Design Towards Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Sections

Yoshio INAGAKI, Masaharu AKIBA

2003 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 392-396
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 03, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.392

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Studies on the molecular design directed towards large two-photon absorption cross-sections have been reviewed. Organic compounds that showed two-photon absorption cross-sections larger than 1000 GM are illustrated.

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