The Review of Laser Engineering

Preface to Topical Papers on Trends of Laser Diagnostics and Spectroscopic Technologies in Advanced Combustion/Fluid Dynamic Research

Shigeru YAMAGUCHI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 150
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.150

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Advancement of the Combustion Analysis Through the Application of Laser-Based Techniques to the Internal Combustion Engine

Teruyuki ITOH

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 151-156
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.151

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More than twenty years have passed since laser-based techniques were first applied to internal combustion engines. In recent years, many kinds of laser-based techniques have been developed and used for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of the mixture formation process, ignition, onset of chemical reaction, radicals behavior, flame propagation, combustion and exhaust emissions, including soot and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in diesel and gasoline engines. The most useful and commonly applied methods are laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and recently added laser induced incandescence (LII). Many papers published in recent years mention these methods. Additionally, as a result of advancement of high speed digital camera synchronized with a high-speed data acquisition system, much fresh data have been newly obtained, leading to the detailed descriptions of combustion and chemical reaction processes.

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Laser Diagnostics of Particulate Concentration in Diesel Exhaust

Takeyuki KAMIMOTO

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 157-162
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.3_157

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Particulate emissions from diesel vehicles are attracting special attention because of their bad effects on human respiratory organs. Because the mass emissions of diesel particulates, mostly soot particles, from a vehicle are evaluated under a transient mode test, the time resolved measurements of soot particles in diesel exhaust are essential. This article describes the principles and performances of three laser diagnostics, Extinction technique, Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) technique and Photo-acoustic Sensor (PASS) developed currently to meet this requirement. An instrument that the author developed based on the extinction has a simple structure, high responsiveness and relatively low sensitivity. The LII technique features high sensitivity, but requires a high power laser to heat soot particles to a high temperature. The PASS detects photoacoustic pressure emitted from laser heated soot particles and has high sensitivity, but its responsiveness is relatively low for the transient mode engine tests.

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Combustion Diagnostics with Diode-Laser Spectroscopy

Tetsuya AIZAWA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 163-167
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.163

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This article reviews recent progress in diode-laser spectroscopy for combustion diagnostics and sensing. General advantages of diode laser as a light source for spectroscopic measurements, basic theory of absorption spectroscopy, example applications for combustion diagnostics in visible and near-infrared regions using telecommunication lasers and in mid-infrared and ultra-violet regions using newly developed laser sources are briefly reviewed, and likely directions for future research and development in the field are suggested.

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Recent Advancement of Laser Velocimetry

Tomio OBOGATA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 168-174
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.168

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Spark ignition engines, compression ignition engines and gas turbines are used as power trains. It is expected for engines to improve their efficiency and minimize their exhaust emissions for protecting the global environment and saving the fossil fuels. Laser diagnostic techniques are key technologies to improve or develop the engines.
There was over 40 years history from the first development of laser velocimetry and many reports were presented at each “International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics” held at Lisbon in every other year. Here, some newly developed velocity measuring techniques, LDA/LDV, PDA, DGV, L2F, PIV and MTV are reviewed to analyze combustion, gas flow in the cylinder and mixture formation.

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Effect of Graded-Index Optical Fiber Structure for Sensor Systems using Changes in Radius of Curvature

Hitoshi NISHI, Shinji MASATOU, Masayuki AOKI, Masahiro UEDA, Tetsuma S ...

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 175-180
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.175

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Recovery of Silicon by Coherent Phonon Excited by Free Electron Laser Irradiation

Masanobu KOHARA, Shigeto MAEGAWA, Makoto ASAKAWA, Kunio AWAZU, Natsuro ...

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 181-188
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.181

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One of the most important processes for ULSI devices is the formation of shallow junctions. Many technologies using laser processing have been developed to recover crystal defects and activate implanted ions in silicon. We propose a novel technology for recovery of crystal defects in silicon at low temperature in comparison with the conventional thermal process by using coherent lattice vibration with high energy, which is excited in the silicon due to absorption of mid-infrared light and multi phonon generation in the silicon substrate. In this paper, we report that the crystal defects which were introduced by the As ion implantation in the silicon substrate can be recovered by laser irradiation with wavelength of 16.4 pm using a Free Electron Laser (FEL). We also discuss how the recovery mechanism is absolutely different from the conventional thermal process by nanosecond laser irradiation or non-thermal process by femtosecond laser irradiation.

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All-Optical Triode Based on a Tandem Wavelength Converter using Cross-Gain Modulation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Yoshinobu MAEDA, Naoki SACHIMOTO

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 189-193
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.189

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An all-optical triode based on a tandem wavelength converter was realized in reflective InGaAsP-InP semiconductor optical amplifiers using the same 1551 nm wavelength for input, control and output. The output power ranged from 0 to 2mW when the average control power was varied from O to 0.3mW. Therefore, the output-input characteristics can be changed dynamically by low control powers. The output modulation degree was retained at around 90% over a wide control power range of 0.01-1mW. The dependence of the output modulation degree on the input signal frequency indicates that the device can be operated with an input signal frequency up to 5 GHz. Because of its characteristics, this device can become a key component in future all-optical signal processing.

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Introduction to Optical Quantum Information Processing

4. Quantum Information Processing Protocols and Quantum Computation

Masahiro TAKEOKA, Masahide SASAKI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 194-200
Published: March 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.194

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